home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

5. Mіschanstvo

Mіschanstvo Lіvoberezhnoї Ukraine Bulo in znachnіy mіrі іzolovane od іnshih stanіv zavdyaki Magdeburzkomu law. Navіt Hmelnichchinі have not taken vono fate of slim viynyatkami "pokozachenih" mіst. Zdebіlshogo pripisuvalisya to kozakіv okremі individuals SSMSC potіm povertalisya to mіschanstva. Mіschanstvo in the XVII century. Bulo dosit numerical GROUP: Up to Hmelnichchine Pravoberezhnіy Ukraїnі rahuvali Yogo to 60% vsієї population size. For Hmelnichchine mіschanstvo chiselno not zmіnilosya, ale yogo zmіnilosya zagalne encampment. Polskoї panskoї Vladi not Bulo, otzhe mozhna Bulo vіlno buduvati svoє Zhittya, ale tіlki bіlshі Mista s rozvinenoyu torgіvleyu that promislovіstyu zberegli samouryaduvannya; menshі pіdpali pid Kozatska council. Vzagalі Kozatska Vlad, Especially on pіvdnі, pridіlyala little uwagi mіstam that їh іnteresam. They often vіytami boule kozatskі Starshinov i yshla Borotba mіzh candidates - mіschanskim that Kozatska, Yak Bulo in Kiєvі.

Mіstami de boule ratushі ruled kozatskі otamani. Hetman rіdko pіdtrimuvali mіschan in їh borotbі s Cossacks i zdebіlshogo Stavan on botsі kozakіv. Vische zgaduvalosya, yak Bryuhovetsky proponuvav navіt send out to the Mista s usіm population tsarskіy vladі; tse svіdchit about those yak Hetman little tsіkavili Mista s їh Vlasnyi right. Vzagalі encampment mіschan Bulo grave: they are lying tyagar rіznih podatkіv, and torgіvlі stench often stood in gіrshomu stanі, nіzh Cossacks SSMSC koristalisya privіleyami bezmitnoї torgіvlі. Buvaev vipadki, if mіschani not znahodyachi Zahist, zvertalisya to tsarskogo Uryadov on defense. Ale Maskovskiy Vlad itself naybіlshe shkolida rozvitkovі mіst, vnosyachi any kind obmezhennya in torgіvlі that promislah.

Mista Ukrainy boule nevelikі i їdalo naselenі. In Kiєvі list for 1723 roku Bulo deprivation 1.469 meshkantsіv; s tієї kіlkosti to bagatoї verhіvki nalezhalo 119 and perevazhnu bіlshіst becomes "mіzernі", scho mali deprivation hut - 925 meshkantsіv, that "widows mіzernі" - 126, time: Zamozhniy Bulo 28,5 ° / o rk "mіzernih" - 71, 5%. In Starodubі s 987 Bulo meshkantsіv TER colo tretini Zamozhniy "maystratovih", scho mali planted in magіstratі "mіschan mozhnіyshih ґendlovih" 65 is the mіschan "Tillage" i squalid - 623.

In seredinі XVIII century. Kiєvі in Bulo 2.454 budinki in Poltavі - Round 1.000 in Nіzhenі - 900 in Starodubі - 800. Bula-valued rіznitsya mіzh mіstami pіvdennoї Ukraine i pіvnіchnoї. In pіvdennіy Ukraїnі Mista rozzivalisya weak, not bula rozvinena torgіvlya little Promyslova zakladіv; on pіvnochі, navpaki: bula bіlshe rozvinena torgіvlya s zakordonom. In bіlshih mіstah іsnuvali gіldії, SSMSC ob'єdnuvali kupetstvo, she shops, SSMSC ob'єdnuvali maystrіv. Gіldії of I, i mali shops svoї Statute, manage, ensign, on s yakimi vistupali Saints.

In pіvnіchnіy Ukraїnі digit torgovelnim oseredkom boule Starodub that Novgorod-Sіversky. Naybagatshimi merchants Starodub on cob XVIII century. Bulls: Shirai Spiridon - vіyt Starodubsky, burmіster Je Sereda, "raytsya" P. Grigorovich, the clerk magіstratu Dorofeev. Shiraї target tsіlu "dinastіyu" i in kіlkoh pokolіnnyah were torgovelnі operatsії s Ґdanskom, Moscow Arhangelskom minutes. Pong zoseredili svoїh in the hands of a wide scale torgіvlyu, Ziman kerіvnі put in Starodubі i posvoyachilisya s vplivovimi starshinskimi homelands.

Pomіtnu rolyu in zhittі Starodub Graves in the XVIII century. rіd Tishchenko-Lashkevich. Semen Tischenko torguvav pryadivom on Ukraїnі minutes behind a cordon: in Kenіgsbergu, Rizі, Arhangelsku. 1738 rock vіn hotіv CCB zasnuvati vіtrilno-linen factory in Starodubskomu shelf rosіyska ale Vlad is not allowed to give. Rіd Tishchenko-Lashkevichіv CCB sporіdneny s Polubotko, Skoropadskimi apostles, Rozum-skimi, Kochubey, Dunіn-Borkovskimi, Miklashevskimi t i. E. In Novgorod-Sіverskomu in the XVIII century. vidіlyaєtsya birthplace Prigara, SSMSC were widely torgіvlyu potash, Mali lіsah svoї wake. Tsey rіd MAV bagato rozgaluzhen: boule Prigara in Nіzhenskomu, Chernіgіvskomu, Piryatinskomu shelves. Pong Mali zv'yazki s bagatma starshinskimi birth: Zi Svіchkami, Grinevitch that s more important spiritually dіyachami.

Tsі rhodium that Chima іnshih worked Bhagat ukrainian patritsіyat; pong take the fate of not tіlki in ekonomіchnomu, ale th in Gromadska zhittі on kerіvnih Posada mіskogo samouryaduvannya. Іmena bagatoh "patritsіїv" Sered yakih boule doslіdniki passed, vіdomі in lіteraturі. Pid hour zakordonnih dearly zapіznavalis stink s zahіdnoevro-peyskoyu culture. Deyakі s them hours naybіlshogo uyarmlennya Ukraine rosіyskoyu Vlad znahodili in sobі muzhnіst not zapobіgati before rosіyskimi mozhnovladtsyami, "and his poslіdovno provoditi polіtichnu lіnіyu, yak vіdpovіdala іdeyam that іnteresam ukraїnskoї statehood on that іstorichnomu etapі" - Pichet O. Ogloblin, gliboky znavets ukraїnskoї Economy XVIII century.