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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

1.2. Ekonomіchnі require i virobnichі mozhlivostі suspіlstva. Ekonomіchnі Interests

1. Sutnіst i klasifіkatsіya required. Mozhlivostі suspіlnogo virobnitstva.

2. Ob'єkt i funktsіya ekonomіchnogo іnteresu.

Ob'єktivnіst ekonomіchnih potreb

The major strength of rushіyna suspіlnogo Progreso - lyudska osobistіst, yak Yea i vodnochase dіyuchim sub'єktom tsіlіsnoї Sistemi ekonomіchnih vіdnosin that ekonomіchnih іnteresіv. Tіlki realіzuyuchi svoї Interests, second Person of suttєvo actively vplivaє on ekonomіku zagalom, bere fate in vsіh Galuzo i sotsіalnogo Zhittya areas. Pobuduvati efektivnosti, ratsіonalnu gospodaryuvannya system dosyagti seryoznih uspіhіv in sotsіalno-ekonomіchnomu zrostannі suspіlstvo Mauger, deprivation realіzuyuchi in vіdtvoryuvalnіy zhittєdіyalnostі all zrostayuchі require vihodyachi i s Pevnyi іnteresіv Helsinki Human. Zagalnoviznano, scho in osnovі sponukannya to trudovoї dіyalnostі lie materіalnі required. Viznachayuchi їh spryamovanіst, potrіbno vihoditi s of scho vіdtvorennya Helsinki Human, yak i virobnichogo processes at the macro abo mіkrorіvnі, Je obmіnom rechovin s natural seredovischem, yaky potrіbno postіyno pіdtrimuvati in dinamіchnіy rіvnovazі. Tsya rіvnovaga harakterizuєtsya system Pevnyi parametrіv scho toil boundary dopustimі th optimalnі value zvichayno than once i nazavzhdi viznachenі. Vіdhilennya od Tsikh value їh ochіkuvannya porodzhuє camp napruzhennya, sponukayuchi to dії s metoyu yogo podolannya. Taqiy camp yak vvazhayut doslіdniki can nazvati required. Require - tse Pevnyi mіroyu culturally framed neobhіdnіst, tobto in that abo Inshyj sposіb usvіdomlene vnutrіshnє sponukannya to Pevnyi good. Require rozvivayutsya time іz postupalnim Rukh suspіlnogo virobnitstva th udoskonalennyam Helsinki Human.

We require Suchasnyj mozhna viokremiti:

• fіzіologіchnі (in їzhі, odyazі, teplі, svіtlі toscho);

• sotsіalnі (neobhіdnіst, potyag to spіlkuvannya i pov'yazanі s zasobi CIM);

• duhovnі (іntelektualnі) emotsіynі, etichnі th estetichnі;

• nerozumnі require SSMSC zavazhayut vіdnovlennyu zhittєvih forces іndivіda (kurіnnya, alkogolіzm, empathy narkotichnih rechovin toscho). Require mozhna klasifіkuvati, grupuvati for їh nagalnіstyu, gostrotoyu, neobhіdnіstyu: in subjects pershoї (pershochergovoї) will require i rozkoshі subjects; in subjects spozhivannya (osobistі) that ekonomіchnih resources (virobnichі). Nagolosimo scho osobistі require Je Pervin. Їh realіzatsіya sponukaє to formuvannya virobnichih require SSMSC Je pohіdnimi od NKVD required. Zadovolennya potreb in Helsinki Human whether yakih benefits ob'єktivno potrebuє їh virobnitstva and for dwellers tsі good vigotoviti, neobhіdnі resources, more deprivation in bіblіynіy legendі "manna from heaven itself fell z". Mi vihoditimemo s of scho demand from resource not coming s heaven їh possible for Relief pratsі Nature will win od abo stvoriti the piece in viglyadі materіalіv. Neobhіdnі virobnichogo processes for resource funktsіonuyut yak need:

• have robochіy silі pevnoї kvalіfіkatsії i profesіynoї pіdgotovlenostі;

• Pevnyi zasobah pratsі;

• neobhіdnih pratsі subjects;

• tehnologіchnih rozrobkah i s pov'yazanih them Naukova i doslіdzhennyah crafts;

• organіzatsіyno-upravlіnskih systems.

Require - yavische ob'єktivne i dinamіchne. Pong utvoryuyut ієrarhіchnu folding system (complex) on naynizhchomu rіvnі yakoї perebuvayut nayprostіshі require fіzichnogo vіdtvorennya sub'єktіv. Shcho vischy rіven ієrarhії then bіlshe require carols sotsіalnogo character viplivayut s minds vіdtvorennya encampments sub'єkta zhittєdіyalnostі in Pevnyi sotsіalnomu seredovischі.

Potrіbno zvernuti uwagi i Taqiy at the moment - the role of the demand from vіdtvoryuvalnomu protsesі stosovno їh nagalnostі (mehanіzmu tsogo yavischa). Shcho gostrіsha require for nagalnіstyu її zadovolennya then bіlshe vіdhilennya for CIM od parameter optimal value. Valid values ​​are nearby, nizhche yakih vinikaє zagroza іsnuvannyu sub'єktіv, colo potreb obmezhuєtsya nayprostіshimi scho dopovnyuyut one single, tobto stink stayut nevzaєmozamіnnimi. Well Koli require zadovolnyayutsya on optimal rіvnі, tobto blizkі to nasichennya, stink stayut vzaєmozamіnnimi, їh colo rozshiryuєtsya, i in such razі zrostaє role sotsіalnih required. Otzhe, nagalnіst potreb i їh Location (funktsіonalny status) ієrarhії for ob'єktivnoyu vazhlivіstyu for vіdtvorennya sub'єkta zhittєdіyalnostі - tse rіznі ponyattya. Zhittєvo vazhlivі require mozhut mother іnkoli nevisoku nagalnіst. Rozvitok require їh zbagachennya Je vazhlivoyu Find our i rozvitku of sub'єkta on uwagi scho slit zvertav Marx zaznachayuchi scho bagatstvo in Helsinki Human maybutnomu - tse bagatstvo її require neobhіdnіst mother all povnotu Zhittya.

Require mozhna takozh rozrіznyati for funktsіonalnoyu acquaint themselves not pov'yazanі s specific ways їh zadovolennya i Ti, scho potrebuyut іsnuvannya manner will require a subject. Require toil Buti usvіdomlenimi. Їh usvіdomlennya - vazhlivy moment perehodі od funktsіonalnih Subject to require zumovleny vplivom virobnitstva th sotsіalnogo seredovischa.

The subject is required - tse vіdtvoryuvanі resources (products pratsі). Nevіdtvoryuvanimi Je zdebіlshogo prirodnі resources. For okremih sub'єktіv stench of toil Pevnyi spozhivnu vartіst, tsіnnіst, oskіlki mіstyat іndivіdualnu korisnіst, yak Tim bіlsha for sub'єkta, yaky Got іndivіdualnu tsіnnіst scho nagalnіshoyu Je required in resursі i scho maintained upstream Taqiy resource zadovolnyaє qiu needful. Іndivіdualnі korisnostі benefits ob'єktivnі, yak i require them, in їh spozhivnih tsіnnostyah. Іnodі їh ototozhnyuyut s sub'єktivno-psihologіchnimi korisnostyami, vvazhayuchi їh yavischem psihologії instead Economy. Sub'єktivnі korisnostі yak result usvіdomlennya vіdrіznyayutsya od ob'єktivno іsnuyuchih іndivіdualnih korisnostey (tsіnnostey), Ale vіdobrazhayut їh in Masov processes.

Resources toil i suspіlnu korisnіst, tobto stink mіstyat in sobі korisny efekt for suspіlstva. Efekt for suspіlstva zagalom - tse nasampered sukupnіst (іntegrovana scrip) efektіv for spozhivachіv have to chislі th prognozovanih efektіv, Je SSMSC in zagalnoderzhavnih Programs ekonomіchnogo zrostannya. When tsomu naybіlshy efekt mozhut oderzhuvati Ti spozhivachі benefits require yakih Je naybіlsh nagalnimi. Ale nagalnіst require of their deposits Cherga od obmezhenostі resursіv and to suspіlna tsіnnіst (korisnіst) of abo іnshogo resource Vishcha tim, scho defіtsitnіshy vіn porіvnyano s obsyagom require SSMSC neobhіdno zadovolniti.

Postaє power, yak vimіryuvati korisnіst quiet abo іnshih goods (resursіv). Otsіnyuvati іndivіdualnu korisnіst - the prerogative of specific spozhivachіv. Shcho Well before suspіlnoї korisnostі, the tse bіlsh abstract synthetical ponyattya, i Suchasna science slit Mauger not clear exactly zaproponuvati metodіv vimіryuvannya suspіlnoї tsіnnostі (korisnostі). Here vazhlivo mother on uvazі scho efektivnіst, otsіnyuvana s pozitsії zadovolennya applicable (іndivіdualnih zagalnosuspіlnih i) i maksimіzatsії suspіlnoї korisnostі - Tse vzhe not Sotho virobnicha and Ekonomichna efektivnіst, oskіlki Won stosuєtsya ekonomіchnih vіdnosin sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya. The I slit Taqiy moment. Require yak takі rіdko directly to sponukayut trudovoї dіyalnostі, chastіshe - up processes їh zadovolennya to spozhivannya. Way od i need up trudovoї gospodarskoї dіyalnostі, їh aktivіzatsії prolyagaє through folding processes formuvannya motivatsіy on yaky vplivayut rіznі chinniki.

Dosyagnennya temple rіvnya gospodaryuvannya neminuche pov'yazano s most mozhlivim zadovolennyam not vsіh potreb people and zdebіlshogo Rozumny potreb usіh chlenіv suspіlstva, SSMSC mozhut dinamіchno zmіnyuvatisya pid vplivom dії zagalnogo law zrostannya required. Require zmіnyuєtsya kіlkіsno i yakіsno: zarodzhuєtsya, dosyagaє Povny rozvitku, mozhlivo, i vіdmiraє, dwellers postupitisya mіstsem іnshіy odnorіdnіy potrebі. Same for sobі zrostannya spozhivannya slit does not lead to automatic and formuvannya suspіlnoї modelі spozhivannya for yakoї neobhіdno dosyagti naypovnіshogo (optimal) zadovolennya Rozumny potreb population of naydotsіlnіshogo poєdnannya іndivіdualnih i suspіlnih іnteresіv; stvoriti dosit efektivnosti mehanіzm vzaєmozv'yazku mіzh zrostannyam DOBROBUT th virobnichoyu aktivnіstyu pratsyuyuchih; zabezpechiti ratsіonalny, Naukova obґruntovany rіven spozhivannya on osnovі efektivnosti vikoristannya spozhivchih resursіv. Require harakterizuyut deprivation potentsіalnu mozhlivіst spozhivannya; dwellers її realіzuvati practical neobhіdno stvoriti zhittєvі zasobi. Viznachalna role ekonomіchnih potreb polyagaє in sponukannі people to Act reasonably. Stvorenі in virobnitstvі materіalnі good i Hotel utvoryuyut rіznomanіtnі require SSMSC will melt the subject of abo іnshogo іnteresu s side Pevnyi sotsіalnih group, verstv population i navіt okremih іndivіdіv.

Zmіst require of kozhnіy kraїnі deposits od suspіlnih minds rozvitku, stage progression of productive forces vіdnosin vlasnostі, natsіonalnoї spetsifіki rozvitku virobnitstva, mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva toscho. Rozmaїttya suspіlnih potreb Mauger viyavlyatisya in rіznih structurally funktsіonalnih directly. Require mozhut podіlyatisya on ekonomіchnі th neekonomіchnі, virobnichі i pozavirobnichі. Pravomіrno rozglyadati їh diferentsіyovano schodo specific sub'єkta spozhivannya - okremoї Helsinki Human, Rodin, labor collectives pіdpriєmstva, install, pratsіvnikіv pevnoї the Branch virobnitstva, zhitelіv population punktіv (mіst, sіl) suspіlstva zagalom, okremih sotsіalnih verstv. Got right to іsnuvannya i characteristic suspіlnih potreb yak factuality popitu on materіalnі i duhovnі benefits ob'єktivno neobhіdnі for povnotsіnnogo pіdtrimannya zhittєdіyalnostі i rozvitku lyudskogo organіzmu, lyudskoї individuals sotsіalnoї groupies, suspіlstva zagalom. Tse i vnutrіshnі motivates funktsіonuvannya away rozvitku that vsebіchnogo vdoskonalennya suspіlnogo virobnitstva for dosyagnennya temple (optimal) ekonomіchnih rezultatіv.

Require їh obsyagi, the method originated in zadovolennya protsesі іstorichnogo suspіlnogo rozvitku, zokrema productive forces, osnovі aktivnoї vzaєmodії Helsinki Human s natural seredovischem, yogo potentsіalom. Napriklad for drain pervіsnoobschinnogo fret a great incentive to pratsі Bulo pragnennya our distant praschurіv zadovolnyati nayelementarnіshі required. Mova, zvichayno, yshla not about naypovnіshe zadovolennya zhittєvimi zasobami, and about elementarne bіologіchne vizhivannya in Suvorov natural minds, pid hour kataklіzmіv. Zasobi іsnuvannya dobuvalisya herds, Collective for Relief primіtivnih znaryad pratsі. Vikoristannya th odnochasne vdoskonalennya zasobіv pratsі porodzhuvalo virobnichі require people scho stimulyuvalo rozvitok virobnitstva and vіdtak i appeared that away formuvannya novih require stvorennya їh system. Prote on rannіh Etap іsnuvannya davnoї Helsinki Human vinikali i kolіzії (protirіchchya) mіzh virobnichimi mozhlivostyami i needed.

Zaznachena superechnіst i in away zalishalasya rushієm productive forces suspіlnogo virobnitstva. In protsesі naroschuvannya i vdoskonalennya potentsіalu vinikali novі require SSMSC zi Svoge side led until the image appears іdealnogo slit іsnuyuchih not at the hour of real produktіv i note by spriyali їh virobnitstvu in maybutnomu. Tsya VZAYEMODIYA i vzaєmozalezhnіst virobnitstva i spozhivannya viyavlyaєtsya in dії zagalnogo law zrostannya suspіlnih required. Exposure The tsogo law vіdobrazhaє postupalny rozvitok productive forces, a process suspіlnogo tehnologіchnogo virobnitstva, vіdnosin vlasnostі that іnshih chinnikіv. Vnutrіshnіmi kolіzіyami zgaduvanogo zagalnogo law Je superechnіst mіzh zrostannyam suspіlnih potreb i mozhlivostyami їh zadovolennya іsnuyuchimi zasobami virobnitstva, mіzh virobnitstvom i spozhivannyam, zokrema NKVD, mіzh require i Bazhanov (vpodobannyam) іndivіdіv. Otzhe, zaznacheny tsivіlіzatsіyny law can rozglyadati yak viraz vnutrіshno neobhіdnih, іstotnih, postіynih materіalnih zv'yazkіv mіzh virobnitstvom spozhivannyam i need i zdіbnostyami people need i mozhlivostyami їh zadovolennya for іsnuyuchih i kolishnіh zasobіv virobnitstva for yakih (zv'yazkіv) postіyne kіlkіsne that yakіsne zrostannya іndivіdualnih potreb Je vnutrіshnoyu rushіynoyu power rozvitku materіalnoї th nematerіalnoї spheres of the system suspіlnogo vіdtvoryuvalnogo processes.

In spetsіalnіy lіteraturі (naukovіy, navchalnіy) zaznachaєtsya scho require bezmezhnі, rіznomanіtnі. Uzagalneno viyavlyayutsya yak stink require at zasobah virobnitstva i spozhivannya subjects (subject pershoї require rozkoshі i) have zasobah Defense powers have razі agresії. Osobistі require mozhna viokremiti, rozrіznyayuchi Sered them materіalnі (їzha, odyag, Zhytlo) duhovnі (Osvita, Culture Mistetstvo) sotsіalnі (Prace, participation in upravlіnnі, receptionists Health Protection, ekologіya).

Zrozumіlo scho kіntseva strategіchna meta іntegrovanoї suspіlnoї dіyalnostі polyagaє in bazhannі zadovolniti OAO All zaznachenі require yaknaykrasche, nayoptimalnіshe. Harakterizuyuchi dіyu zagalnogo law zrostannya require nagolosimo scho novі spozhivnі vartostі (tsіnnostі) spochatku z'yavlyayutsya in dosit obmezhenіy kіlkostі i tsіlkom zadovolniti them needful s side spozhivachіv unrealistic. Defіtsitnіst, obmezhenіst novih spozhivnih vartostey not zavazhaє їm Buti suspіlnoyu require Hoca tsya obstavina pіdzhivlyuє superechnіst mіzh propozitsієyu defіtsitnih spozhivnih vartostey i popitom them. Podolannyu tsієї dosit vіdchutnoї kolіzії Mauger spriyati Activity ekonomіchne stimulyuvannya, oskіlki not require deprivation Je porodzhennyam virobnitstva and second іstotno vplivayut on tse virobnitstvo. Virobnitstvo zavzhdi in kіntsevomu pіdsumku tіsno pov'yazane s require scho sformuvalisya vinikayut i znovu, and require that pose real nemozhlivі virobnitstvo i zagalom narodnogospodarsky vіdtvoryuvalny processes at the macro i mіkrofunktsіonalnih rіvnyah. Require that suspіlstva zagalom іndivіdіv zokrema not given time i nazavzhdi, їh rozmaїttya, dinamіzm strіmko narostayut pid bearing-down vplivom novіtnіh dosyagnen svіtovih i i tehnіki vіtchiznyanih science. In rezultatі dії tsogo chinnika ekonomіka dosyagaє such rіvnya rozvitku for yakogo z'yavlyayutsya spriyatlivі mozhlivostі (nerіdko dovgotrivalі minutes) for th naykraschogo nayoptimalnіshogo zadovolennya vazhlivih lyudskih required. In our hour zrostaє complex values ​​require pov'yazanih bezposeredno s rozvitkom lyudskoї osobistostі.

Nabuvaє dedalі bіlshoї aktualnostі second problem vіlnogo hour, scho Got neabiyake values ​​for rozvitku lyudskoї osobistostі i vdoskonalennya її іntelektualnogo potentsіalu for revolyutsіynih Change log in virobnitstvі in the minds rozumovoї dіyalnostі. Require vіlnogo hour, rozvivayuchi Lyudin, team itself through її іntelekt vdoskonalyuyut tehnologіchny sposіb virobnitstva, uniquely zbіlshuyut potentsіal productive forces spriyayut gnuchkіy perebudovі structuring suspіlnogo virobnitstva s metoyu nalagodzhennya Key infrastructure novіtnіh vidіv produktsії, їh dedalі bіlshoї orієntatsії on specific іndivіda. Vchenі obedient vvazhayut, scho in tsomu viyavlyayutsya modifіkatsіynі processes in dії zagalnogo law zrostannya suspіlnih required. Exposure The law uzgodzhuєtsya s dієyu zakonіv ekonomії hour, produktivnostі suspіlnoї pratsі that іnshimi chinnikami ekonomіchnogo rozvitku. Suchasna tsivіlіzatsіya Got zabezpechuvati naykraschі minds for bezperervnogo rozvitku require oskіlki stink Yea rushієm bearing-down, її Basics ninі in maybutnomu i - i osyazhnomu vіddalenomu.

Vtіm, brought viznati, hoch yak tse cover up, scho situatsіya, yak sklalasya i dosі not podolana, perekonlivo svіdchit about seryoznі protirіchchya mіzh require ukrajins'koho suspіlstva, SSMSC sformuvalisya s urahuvannyam such visokorozvinenih Galuzo virobnichoї i NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoї dіyalnostі, yak laser, Electro-obchislyuvalna th avіatsіyna tehnіka, morske sudnobuduvannya, i Wkra modest mozhlivostyami zadovolennya potreb population.