Історія України - Полонська-Василенко Наталія: Том 2

4. Діяльність Гэтманського уряд

Do not zvazhayuchi all vyladlennya that tertia, in ministries nishpin pratsya.

At galuzi zovnіshn'go polity ministami buli - M. Vasilenko and D. Doroshenko . Head zavdannyam boulo vlagodity viznannya Ukrainsky Derzhavi by the other powers. Firstly, the middle of the European powers was lying Nimecchini.

Prote, bezperechni spilnі Іnteresi oboh tsikh ostav did not meet the lead of the Moscow Vyss'kyi Okhupa, the yak with its own supermodern wimps woklikala gostrі konflikti. Tom Getmansky detachment succeeded in postponing unnumbered stosunks with a well-known Hindu ruler to Berlina. Podorozhy to Berlina golovy kabinetu mіnistryv F. Lisoguba that of Hetman (4. IX - 17. IX 1918 р.) Fought with zmіtsnennu vіdnosin Nimeccini ta Ukrainians and viklikali low prihilynih to Ukraine in the press in nimetskiy pressi.

Складнішими були відносини з Австро-Угорщиною, яка відмовилася ратифікувати Beresteiskiy Dogo, занулювала під впливом Pollish thаtмні статті договори відносно утворення коронного краю зі Scідньої Galichini та Буковини й намагалася відступити Холмщину Польщі.

The Hetmansky regiment has established good relations with the troops of the minor powers, they have been assigned to the Territorial Electoral Commission of the Russian Empire: Fіnlіndії, Litvi, Gruzії, Kubanі, Don, Krim. Continuing to talk with the non-violent powers - Shvaytsarієyu, Еaspіsyu, Danієyu, Shvetsієyu, Hollandіya, Norvegієyu, Іtalієyu, Persієyu. Al Nemecchina and Austro-Ugorschina rishiche protested, if the power of 1918 rock, Ukraine, wanted to see the powers of Antanti-France and England.

Oskrem can be nestled in diplomatic embassies with a conscientious detachment. Beresteysky agreement Moscow bula zobov'yana uklasti world with Ukraine. Delegation for the settlement of the international treaty in the number of ponad 20 osib z'yavilsya z Moskvy to Kiyeva vzhe pislya coup. The head of the її bouv X. Rakovsky, the defender - D. Manuilsky. The head of the Ukrainian delegation is Professor S. Shelukhin, the intercessor is 1. Kistyakovsky, and 10 serpents - P. Stebnitsky. They talked through Ukrainian with the help of Russian movers in order to do some interpreting. Accorded to the truth of pripinennya vєnnih дій. Finances, transport, post zhosin, obminu poloneni, spravi ekonomichnyh and cultural stosunkiv. Nigoststrim boulo feeder cordon.

Наприкінці літа the Bolsheviks knew pidtrimku zboku of the Ukrainian National-Sovereign Union, a kind of preparing the insurgency against the Hetman class, zvernuvsya before them on dopomogu. If you do not want to change the name of the Russian and Ukrainian transfers, go to the private office of V. Mazurenka, without interlocutors, X. Rakovsky, D. Manuilsky, one side and V. Vynnychenko and M. Shapoval, and the other - they talked about the Insurgency. For Vіys'kova dopomogu (посилення розвідчої діяльности on fronts, scho little vіdtyagti nigmі nіmtsіv) Український Національно-Державний Союз обіцяв legalization in Україні комністичної партії.

On the cob of the Zhovtnya of 1918, the fate of the worlds was discussed by the bool. Rakovsky vihav to Moskvi, and D. Manuilsky lashed in Kiev for pidpilnogo robot against the Ukrainian class. X. Rakovsky at his statuti, recognizing that the Soviet delegation podtrimuvala in Kyiv municipalities and obmyrkovuvuvali them cope with the state coup.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs has found fault with criticism. The Hetmansky regiment having admitted to the post of the provincial governors, it is important that the messengers, the zemstvo dyachivs, and the judges. Osіb, yakі served on administrative lands for the old regime, the boul was admitted to the whole of Ukraine 3-4, - write the book of the end of the world to D. Doroshenko. Prote, yakraz tse pittannya boulo naiibilsh bolyuchim. Ці адміністратори, Хоч і були досвідченими земськими діячами і, for a small vinyatkom, Ukrainians, did not lie to the zvanyh "svidomikh Ukrainians", for some at that hour the members of socialistic parties, and in order to see the socialities, the stink of reactionaries.

Stanovishche mіscevoї admіnіustratsії uzkladnuvalosya more bіlsh sludshinoyu Tsentralny For the sake. Vishche bula vzhe zgadka about those who arrived in Ukraine nimtsiv that avstriytsiv pochalas agrarian reaction: volsinki ta podil'kі pomischiki pochali organizovuvati "karalnі pogany", yaki were tucked off the villagers for the first time and compensation for the sinking of the mayo. Німці та австрійці not перешкоджали циim каральним експедиціям, навіть допомагали ім. Tsі samochinnyi rozpravi expanded in the first perіоді існування гетманського уряд, which did not mаvу actually acted to prop up іх, ііmlі кілька тижнів, left від адініністрація промоглася покласти edge анаріії; Alle ves' odіyum "karalnih ekspedicіy" having fallen to the Hetman's Order.

Greatness means little land. Ухвалений 31 січня 1918 р., The law of the Central Rady about vstanovlennya normy zemlyvolodinnya in 25 acres and confiscations of the largest volosts of buv shots "Gramotoyu" Getmana 29 kvitnya. Nepevnist stanovishcha villagers and pomyschikiv viklikala nezdovolennya z obokh bokіv, excelsi skargi. Ran out of the first days of the new class, go in and out. For the preparation of materials for the new land law and the protection of conflicts between landowners and rural residents, land plots are established - provincial and regional. At жовтні засновано Вищу Земельну Комісію, ocholenu by Himman himself. On the back of the fall of the leaf, the draft of the reform of land certificates has been consolidated. Усі великі земельні маєтки мали бути примусово викуплені державуюю з допомогою Державного Land Bank і розподілені між villagers no more than yak on 25 acres in one hands. The cities of statehood, which were culturally significant, served tsukrovarni, splashed racial thinness in the face, could mother for 200 acres.

Velika pratca fell on the Ministry of the Shlyakhs (V. Butenko). Залізниці були зруйновані, мости пошкоджені або виисджені в повітря, паpятя та вагони у великим числі вивезені до Росії. The ministry was squeezed into the middle of the day by the normal volcano. Great battleship bullets were attacked by strikes.

Uspishno pratsyvalo Ministry of Finance (A. Rzhepetsky). Розхитані фінанси вдалося налагоглати й створити державний the budget. The Ukrainian currency, is protected by the natural bagatries of Ukraine, the head ration of the tsukr, became a trivet.

Ministry of People's Autonomy (M. Vasilenko, P. Stebnitsky, V. Naumenko) zustrchalo vshes hour opozitsіyu in his pratsi. Pochatkovi schools easily switched to the Ukrainian Navoi, but the buli were saved by the incoming teachers. That great respect was engulfed in the organization of the nawchannia of Ukrainian language in teachers' seminaries.

Складніша була справа з українізацією середніх шкіл. You can not forget about it, but the world of people at the sign of the world has been stored up in Russia, the national nationals that are zrusifikovanyh Ukrainians. Батьківські комітети in the middle schools, yak і teachers in the significant part were put up to the enemy before the Ukrainians. Tomu, schoob uniqueness of conflicts, hetmanske Ministry of Education, behind the butt of the Ministry of the Central For the sake of, vvazalo for dotsil'nіsu zasnovuvaty novіі українські гімназії, ніж українізувати російські. For the Central Radi in Kiev there are three Ukrainian privatized gimnazies. In 1918, the Russians were adopted on the state horses. The protagonist of the film of the same fate is the adherence of 84 Ukrainian gimnaziyas not in the cities, but in the active villages, and in the near future, in Ukraine, close to 150. In hominyas, yakis are enraptured with the Russian Navoi, they are introduced to the Ukraine, Історію та географію України історію української літератури.

The 6th Zhovtnya 1918 rock was cleaned in Kiev by the First Ukrainian Institute and 22 by Zhovtnya Ukrayinsky University from Kam'yantsy-Podilsky. Peredachalosya vidkrtya of Ukrainian universities in other cities. Todi Zh "Prosvita" that Zemstvo fell asleep in Poltava Istorichno-Philological Faculty. Founded by the Ukrainian State Archives, in some Mali, but the documentation of the history of Ukraine, transported from the archives of Moskviti Petro-radu; Зацвано Національну ґалерію Мистецтва, Український Історичний Музей та Українську Національну Бібліотеку, яка зростала з надзвичайною швидкістю. Наприкінці гетьманської пре в цій бібліотеці було vz ponad 1.000.000 book, the middle of them bagatno unikumіv, стародруків і т. П. Кількістю та якістю книжок The national library could compete with the cutting libraries of Europe.

Pomizh naukovicheskimi pawns peshe mіsse naleozhalo Українській Академії Наук. The demand in the National Academy of Sciences of the Bul is finite. Naprikinsky XIX century. Українським науковим осередком в значній мірі стало львівське I'm in a relationship. T. Shevchenko, yak boolo reform on Naukovo. The partnership. Zasnovane in 1908 році in Києві Українське Наукове Fellowship did not comprehend widely rozgornuti pratsyu, bo vіyna 1914 року знищила всі українські установи. For the Central Radi put the nutting about the Ukrainian Science Academy, in the form of the reorganization of the NST. Tse Pitannya not vyishlo із the sphere of preliminar roses. Українську Academic Academies of Science grounded for Hetman. Її урочисте відкриття відбулося 24 листопада 1918 року. Vona is small three times: історично-філологічний, фізико-математичний та соціяльно-скономічний. The presidency of those first academics (three for each), recognizing the order, and the further members of the Mali are to pick up the academies. At the President of the Academy Hetman asked M. Grushevsky, ale vin vidmovyasya. Appreciation of the Bouvet Professor V. Vernadsky.

Українська Академія Наук була найбільшим досягненням України в галузі культури. Staggering bugatokh rock wives was lulled by science in every possible way, so skupchuvav bilya naykraschі naukovі sili Ukrainy. Znanuchenia zasnuvannya UAN witch-witches were identified - in the characteristic - stretching bugatokh rockiv Bolsheviks namagalisya and namagayutsya bring, scho zasnovano її not in 1918 rotsi, and in 1919 - vzhe for bolshevitskoe vladi.

To досягнень at галузі культури за гетьманської преб треба ще до доти занування Українського Theatra drama te opera, zasnuvannya Української Державної Капелі під про wires О. Кошиця та Державної Симфоічної Orchestra with the wire of O. Gorilogo. For tsiu dob rozgornulisya vidavnitstva pidruchnikiv of every type, on shcho detachment asynguvav big suma. Взагалі 1918 рік «надовго може.бути незрівняним, недосяжним по скількості виданнів і накладів».

A bow to the folding boule of the Church . Do not zvazhayuchi on the bastuzha stavlenya Centralno Radi, in the Ukrainian Church vidbuvalisya glibokі zrushennya. The clergy of the clergy, the paraphimous, were identified as two parts: par excellence, the clergy, the head clergyman, the bishop, bereaved everything the old way (pidleglist of the Ukrainian Church in Moscow, the words of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Divine Service) - the other part of the church was nationalized (it was not autonomous Ysli bazhannya, hoch already pіdosilisya voice for the autocephaly of the Ukrainian Church).

7-20 січня 1918 року в Києві відбувся Church Council , a Bolshevik rebellion broke through to the Cathedral. Granted ponoviti zasidannya 10 herbs.

Pіd the hour of the burial of Kiev by the Bolsheviki of the bourses of encroachments, Metropolitan Volodymyr, and the Ukrainian Church were lapped without wires.

In the case of the Getmansky detachment, the Ministry of Education, the first Minister of Education, was recognized as Professor V. Zin'kovsky, the supporter of the autocephalous Ukrainian Church. Ale in its dyelostnosti vin sostriv opozitsiu zboku єbiospatu i zichnoi part of the population. Patriyarkh Moscow Tikhon, having given the order to convert the metropolitan to the Ecclesiastical Council on the Diocesan Z'ezdi. Not zvazhayuchi at the protest of V. Zinkivsky, facing Metropolitan Anthony Khrapovitsky, archbishop Hochovitsky, the candidate of yoga did not score hard votes. Рада Міністрів вислала патріярхові Tikhonov protest against oborannya metropolitan pose Church Council, ale patriyark sanktsionuvav vibir Antony.

In particular, Metropolitan Anthony Ukrainska Tserkva distala zapeklogo voroga. V. Zіnkіvsky, after defeating the Church Council, having been cast in the worm in 1918, is unlawful of the will of Hetman - "to reinforce the autocephalousness of the Ukrainian Church". At the remembrance of the Cathedral, the 12 leaves of the 1918 fate, the minister of the world, A. Lototsky, after announcing the decree, it is said: "In self-control of the earth and the Church itself. . . Autocephalous of the Ukrainian Church. Tse not deprived ecclesiastical, ale natsionalna our neobhіdnіst. . . In імені уряд Української Derzhavi mayu for the honor of oglositi yogo firma i neokhitnu dumku, scho Українська Церква має бути автокефальною ". This is the rank of the hetman's rank of the corps of the cobs of the autocephalous Ukrainian Church.

Velika worked in Hungary at the time of the hetmansky power, bringing in the marriage of the Ukrainian woman. Spadshchina, Yaku dystav getmansky detachment for Central For the sake of, bula is not very big. Pislya turn of the Ukrainian rally to Kieva Zaporizhzhya zagіn, under the command of General K. Prisovskogo, a defender of Kiev against Bolshevik, a rebuilding rebuilding in Zaporizka Div. Gen. K. Prisovskogo fronted in the command and on the commander of the Divnice, General O. Natyev was recognized. In addition, the hour of divination was called yogo omen. Before the divisions were: three shelves, one harmatny, one kinniy, one engineering and one panzerniy divnizioni. The number of warriors in the boulder is 5.000. Zgodom divizіyu reshaped to the body. Crim corps of General O. Natyev Buli: regiment Sichovih Striltsiv under the command of Colonel Є. Konovaltsya is built in Austria with the widest range of Sinyozhupannikiv, the yak of the boule is roztashovana in Kiev Chernivtsi.

Після масової демобілізації армії Central Rada has started to form українське військо. On the edge of the square of 1918 rock, the organ of the 8th corps is packed, 4 '/ 3 of the divinities, yakis mali prinovnyvatis for teritoriyalnym principle. Tse project vzhe not buv zdіysneny.

Напередодні перероту 29 квітня 1918 року німці роззброїли Signed with electronic signature Синьожупанників та Січових Стрільців.

The Getmansky regiment having adopted the project of the Central Radi for formulating the 8th buildings and 4,5 quinnies and giving the yogo realizovati. For pідготови освічених foremen, special schools are founded.

Мобілізація small rozpochatis in жовтні 1918 року; Мали зібрати з цілої України в жовтні 1918 року 85.000 вояків, and on 1 birch in 1919 rock - 79.000.

Shche in lipnі 1918 року була зформована Гвардійська Сердюцька дивізія з 5.000 вояків. It is equipped with її lvlcami from 18 to 25 rockів з родин хліборобів, статечних господарів, it is important з Poltava. Взагалі до справи мобілізації Гетманський уряд підходив обережно: були серёзні підстави забоьватися, Що загальна мобілізація Відповідного віку молоді може bring to the army зленшевичені елементи. To this, the number of entries in the inventory of the Vyshkiv Partial Parts is about one o'clock, leaving the young age of the young, not Bolshevism.

On the other side, they gulled the best of Nemtsi, they repressed Hetman, but for the Ukrainian maneuver, they were to finish off the Ukrainian and Austrian visas. Tom mobilizatsiyu vіklkleno z zhovtnya on the fall of 1918 rock.

In the fall of 1917, on prohannya delegates Voyakiv-Galichans, pokoto form Galitsko-Bukovynsky Kurennya Sichovih Striltsiv. Згодом цей курінь мав розгорнутися на дві дивізії. Formed yogo in Kiev.

In the spring of 1918, Getman gave instructions to the Vijska Ministry, O. Rogozi vzhiti zahodіv for ponovlenya organizatsii kozatstva, yak of the populated village, and the great army cadre. Kozatstvo, yak stan, існувало in Чернігівськійі та Полтавській губерніях до революції 1917 року, если yого зрівняно з усім поселенням. Kozatstvo in the XIX th on the cobble of XX century. Korostalosya active pіlgami i vіdznachalosya vіd іншого поселення більшим збереженням old traditions, national sіdomіstyu and whistling kindness.

Cossacks lived in the farm in a hurry, I wanted a boule cossack village, some part of the yakoy village was lying to the Cossacks, and a little to the villagers. On the 16th October 1918 r. Hetman enlarges the university with a tour of the cossack, a sword in the two provinces and in Slobozhanschina. Before kozakiv nazhchadali kozakiv, ale could have joined before that will be a non-Cossacks. Cossacks kozhnoy guberniya stored kish with koshovim otamanom, a kind of pecting Hetmanov. At the koshnoi koshi bilo kilka polkіv, On cholі kozatstva there was Velika Kozatska Rada, the head of the bukov himself Getman.

Ponovlenyam kozatstva Hetman hotiv dosyagti dvi meti: stovori zamozhna, sreddnyo-zemnennu, z sostnym istorichnimi traditional zhistvu, and the other side - mati nadiyne, nezipsute bolshevitskoi propanaanda visko. In addition, povnovlyuyuchi kozatstvo, Getman spodіvavsya vtyagti in the orbitsu Української Держави інші козацькі землі: Kuban, Donechchinu, etc. Longine Tsegelsky writing, scho tsebov "great, gliboko thought the dance of the sovereign husband of the world". Zdisnichti Tsei Plyon Hetman's staff did not intrigue.

Restore rozpchatno formsobnya Osoblivogo Corps, it is important z rusysyskih foremen, yakis zashishelisya in Ukrainі і not hoti servitsi in bolshevitskii Rosii. Order virishiv vikoristati їх антибольшевнцьке наставлення та військовий досвід. Tsey the corps is not part of the Ukrainian armenia and languages ​​without the Hetmanovs. Roztashovany vin buv na Ukrainsko-rosіyskom prikordonnі, між Путивлем та Сумами, в тих місцевостях, де не було української армії.

Do tsilomu, zvichayno, not rahuyuchi offensive mobіlіzatsі ta Osoblivogo Korpusu, vіys'kovі sili Ukrainy buli mіzernі.

To the edge of the middle of the zombie forces lay Chornomorskiy Flint. Гетьманському урядові вдалося, після довгих переговорів, здобути згоду німецького уряду на передачу Україні військових суден Чорноморської фльоти, які були захоплені німцями.