Історія України - Полонська Василенко Наталія: Том 1

Vsevolod (1078-1093)

Останній з Ярославичів, Всеволод об'єднав під своєю владою Київ, Чернігів, Смоленськ, Переяслав, землі над Волгою і прагнув поновити єдність Київської держави. However, all the rules of yogo vipovaneno bulo bortboyu zizgoyami, the number of some illegally zlisheno sins of the Grand Duke Svyatoslav. In the battle with them, the head dyachom buv talanovity sin Vsevolod - Volodymyr Monomakh. Pose vladoi Vsevolod was enraged Polotsk prince, de prince of Vseslav, land of Ізяславичів: Volodimir, Turov and Pinsk (Yaropolk) that Novgorod (Svyatopolk) and Galicia, de prince in Peremishly, Terebovlya Zvegiyorod three brothers Rostislavichi: Rurik, Volodar and Vasilko. About them, there was a brief outpouring, it was obvious that the stink of the water had invaded its lands in the Ugorshchina, Poland, Volyni. Volodar і Vasilko roku 1084 заволоділи Володимиром, що належав Ярополкові. Volodimir Monomakh відібрав його від Ростисла-вичів і передав знов Ярополкові. Tse viklikalo hate Mizh Rostislavichami and Yaropolk, and rock 1087 on the road to Zvenigorod Yaropolk driving in a screenteller, a kind of before Peremishlya, to Prince Rurik. Tse viklikalo pizosru, scho in the evil took the fate of Rostislavichi. Vsevolod zaknchiv tim, scho zakripiv Rostislavich all Pidkarpattya z Terebovleju. Partina Volynі z Volodimir, scho zvalasya пізніше Volodimerіya, dіstalasya, згідно з волею Vsevolod, «ізгоєві» Davidovі Igorevicі. Бересть виділено Святополкові Ізяславичеві: він обміняв Novgorod on Туро-Пинську Township. Svyatoslavichi, vsupreich usom rights, vtatili batkivsku sluggishness. Glib zagivnuv 1078 rock on zaslanny, and Romana 1079 rock was hammered off for an hour on a campaign to Pereyaslavshchina yogo g spilniki-polovtsi. Nayaktivnyshy Oleg, після невдачі на Нежатиній ниві 1078 року, втік до Тьмутороканіі, and there the yogas were stolen by the Khozars and transferred to the Greeks - the treachery of shit - to the Vavolod's home. The Greeks held the yogi in the presence of fate, and died 1083 rock vin turning to Tmutorokan. The youngest Svyatoslavich - Yaroslav - sidiv at Murom.

Borotba with "burglars" of the bula is afraid of the tim, she looked at the Polovtsy in Ukraine, and some "Izgos" were taken for extra vinyka. Came polovtsi th sami, they burned the village and village, spun the edge, took the blossoms. Боротьбу з them вів головным цном Volodimir Monomakh. Do its autobiographies in the world, dozens of tours. Vsevolod, hoch pobivnyano not buvshche old, himself rіdko shaving fate in the campaigns, і vyaviv himself yak oberezhny diplomat. Volodymyr Monomakh in avtobiografii pisav, scho Vsevolod buv dozhe osvіcheny: not viezhdzhayuchi nikudi ("house sedyay"), vivchiv p'yat mov. Until that time, it is possible, they have embarrassed those who are, like, diplomatic diplomats from Europe, the Mavins of the fold in the birthplace: the destruction of the monarchy, Monomakh (passed to the elder svinov, Volodymyriv), the mausoleums of the kings of France, Ugorschin, Norway By sisters; Poland, Saxony - on the brothers; Doc Євпраксія була німецькою цісаревою, а син Володимир has disappeared from the daughter of the English King Harald P, who, having sinned at the Battle of GastinGs, p. 1066; In the same battle, Harald Gardrada, cholovik Єlisaveti Yaroslavni, King of Norway, Šoš priššov bov v іysskom Vіlgelma Zavoyovnika, king of Normandy, on the battle of England. So u tsіle farek kraїnі two Haraldi - brother-in-law kievskih princes - naklali head.

З чужоземних шлюбів часів Всеволода найважливіший був шлюб його дочки Євпраксії-Проксди. Молоденькою дівчиною видано Ії 1084 р. Margrave of the Saxon Genrikh Dovgoi. Хроністи оповідали about її nazvichayno bagaty posag. Після його смерти Євпраксія-Прокседа became disembodied in 1089 року з цісарем Генріхом IV, і Генріх IV коронував її. Тоді дістала вона ім'я Adelgaydi. It's possible to grail the grains: Genrikh IV, not forgetting the scarves, but іх дістав від Іяслава for help, and від Svyatoslav - for not intending to fight for brotherhood for the throne, having thrown up on camels to Nimeccini deprived 5 rockіv tom. Yakis b cause did not viklikali tse shlyub, vin vyavivsya arc ungovernable. Genrikh IV, yak obovidali nimetsky hronisti, zazhestoko zavistoko led with a young druzhinoyu, and Genrikhiv sin, Konrad, vidstvshiv na zahist machu, deprived pogyrshiv tsim її stanische. Koli Genrikh IV, who forged a battle for investment, virgin to the militia against the pope, vine to the Adelgayd in Verona, wola entered into the marginal Tuskansky, Matildi, the head-quarters of Genrikh IV, and Matilda, to zvernutisya to Pope Urban II . On the right side of Genrikh IV, they discussed it with the will of Pope, at the Cathedral in Constance, and in the Poti p. 1095 - before the 30-thousandth natap. Genrikh IV is zasuzheno and vyklyato for znushchanya z zinki. Єvpraksіya turned to Kiyeva, entered the monastery, de died on the rock. The tragic part of the Kiev princess was kilka rock in the center of the respect of Europe. Europe was playing a role in the role of Henry II.

Дуже складні були взаємини Всеволода з Візантією. Opruzheniye in Monomakhivnoyu, obviously, not the mav of greedy confessions on the ecclesiastical territory. Tsіsar vіzantіysky, Mihayil VII Duka, having written before Vsevolod two leaves, yokih vihvalyav yogi pobozhnnost, zaklikav to solіadarnosti z Vizantiye, asking for help. Pislya Illariona, about a nezakoti, chi vin died metropolitan, chi of encroachments buv lash cathedra, tilki 1072 rock bachimo metropolitan Greek Yuriy. From 1077 to the rock, Metropolitan Ivan II of Prodrome, a Greek, a study of the teachings, was announced. Roku 1054 becoming a sub-church. For 20 rock in the past, daddy poochayayut shukati shlyahіv for ponovlennya їх єдности. Tsiogo prapnav Pope Gregory VII, tse sprinknjali yogo offenders - Papi Victor III, Urban II and the antipope Clement III, a visy to Kiev, to Metropolitan Ivan II Embassy, ​​from the Cardinal Grigoriy on behalf of the Proposal zednatisya with the Roman Church. The sheet of Clement III is not zberiigsya, ale was protected by the metropolitan of Ivan II, in yakіyn vіn declares, but not the right of virishuvati to the food of the churches and to make zvernutisya to the patriarch. Vazhlivim є spokiniy, lagidny tone of the Metropolitan; Він передає привіти Климентові III, клірикам та пастві від себе, руських іпископів та «мирян». The pope is called "all-embracing and reverend brother". At the end of the XI century. Prikadaє kіlka not tsіlkom clear, але цікавих факів.

Pislya death of the Metropolitan-Greek Іван 111 1090 року, в літописі згадується ім'я Єфрема, еспископа Переяславського, як митрополита, але не Київського, а Переяславського. Невідомо, хто був він: greek, vіrmenin chi українець. Z yogo bіografії it is visible, sho buv vin at dvorі Іzaslava, potim it was cut in Kiev-Pechersky manastiri. Bishop Pereyaslavsky Єfrem buduvalov at Pereyaslavi church, mury, renis power of St. Theodosia to the church of the Kiev-Pechersk mana-washing. Tse viklikakaє sumnіv, chi buv vin greek, bo metropolitans-Greeks were put on the watch before the canonization of the Ukrainian saints. It is feasible, Vsevolod without the blessing of the patriarch, to pass on to the management of the metropolis. The rule of Vsevolod is called taka subia. Rock 1087 італійці "moved" to the Mesta Barі з World Ликійських мощі сві. Mikolaya to spetsialno zbudovanoї basiliki. Pishnev svjatkuvannya, scho vidbulosya there, describing priyavniy, z prizvishcha nevidomiy Ukrainians in the "Skazanim". We see our princes: the Grand Duke Vsevolod, Chernigivsky - Volodymyr Monomakh, the Pope Herman (the pamphlet of the census: Urban II), the bishops, not the women of the Orthodox Church and the Catholics. Pripuskayut, scho the author of your creativity Buv Yefrem. Here in 1090-1093 of the river. "It is said" was announced in Ukraine, and the service was put out of service for the transfer of power (it is recognized for 9 herbs), with akafistom, miracles were performed in Bariat in Ukraine.

Otzhe, Ukraine Bula Church orthodox kraїnoju, yaka svjatkvala pervenennja powers to latinsky Італії, bo, zvichajno, підстав for pleasure Візантія in that is not small. Another tsikavim fact e litipisna zgadka, sho 1091 rock to Kyueva pribuv "Theodore Greek metropolitan from Papa from Rome and bring bagata relics of saints." There is only one clear: stosunki mіzh Kiєvom that the popes did not stick to the stretch 40 rockів після поділу Церков. Десь наприкінці XI century. Zgaduvano in Ukraine in prayer to the Cathedral of the Mother of God, the name of the saints, which the Greek Church did not recognize: Kanut, Beowulf, Olaf, Magnus, Alban; Chieskih svyatih - Vita, Vats-lava, Lyudmila. Tsіkavo, scho in the Czech Republic, Shanuvati Saints Boris Gliba, early, nizh in Ukraine, soon sang. Все це свідчить про незалежність Української Церковь від Візантії. Цікавий своёю високою толерантністю in питаннях релігії "Putivnik" ігумена Данила, чернігівця родом, який трохи пізніше, in 1108-1112 рр., For hours in the Kingdom of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in the face of Russia. Він оповідав about the views of King Balduina, respectfully placed before the King, about the individuality of the Catholics and those Orthodox.

Рівнобіжне з тренцією до повної толеранції в релігійних питаннях існує протилежна: під впливом грецького духовенства, головно митрополитів-греків - зарожуєється враже ставлення до латинства. "Lonely polemic literature, yak zostalasya us zdlyannya Russia, zvernena proti latinyan і maje all vyyshla z-іgіd feather Greeks of the ХІ-ХІІ century." - writing M. Grushevsky. Greeks, coming to Ukraine і зачасючи here чужинців-латинян, остерігали паству проти them. Stanovishche cich propovydnikiv stuck those, but the number of shlyubiv members in the prince's home with "Latin" was growing, and after them, the supply chain, yshli dvirsky lock. One of the first creations of proto Latins was the "Liaison with Latino" by Metropolitan Juriy (1070-1077 rock). The death of Vsevolod was completed first of all by the sinking of Yaroslav, and for a short time - 39 rockies - the tsilkovitas failed to adhere to the yogic system in the Ukraine: the number of "i-gigs," the struggle for their rights, the earth, the wings, in the hands of the screen-tyvybivtsiv (Іяслав, Борис, Роман and Yaropolk), that chorny hmari polovtsiv, scho їх young princes, reaching their rights, directed to Ukraine, the death of Vsevolod the Great Prince's throne, the monk yogo, Volodimir Monomakh, a certain buv of the hour yogo pidporoyu , Вів усі війни, "скачучи з Смоленська в Переяслав і з Pereyaslav під Броди", - був, за виловом М. М. Грушевського, "паном ситуації в Києві". Al Volodymyr Monomakh did not want to do it and asked for the Great Prince's throne Ізяславового сина, Svyatopolk, and himself пішов у Чернігів.