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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Netsіnovі chinniki vplivu on propozitsіyu

Krіm tsіnovih chinnikіv on zmіnu Offers vplivayut i netsіnovі chinniki. Nayvazhlivіshі s them - zmіna tehnologії virobnitstva, zmіna tsіn to resources zmіna tsіn on INSHI Flea she efekt ochіkuvannya.

Zmіna tehnologії virobnitstva. Virobniki zavzhdi shukayut tehnologії scho zmenshuyut vitrati virobnitstva. Zmenshennya vitrat on virobnitstvo Pevnyi product vigіdnim zbіlshennya robit yogo virobnitstva i zbutu for іsnuyuchoyu tsіnoyu. Propozitsіya zbіlshuєtsya without zmіni tsіni product.

Zmіna tsіn on resources. Zrostannya abo zmenshennya tsіn to resources for virobnitstva Pevnyi product (napriklad, zmіna tsіni Nafti through podії in Perskіy zatotsі) given to zbіlshennya abo zmenshennya vitrat on virobnitstvo product (napriklad, gasoline), vikliche zmіnu quantities Offers gasoline slit to zmіni yogo tsіni.

Zmіna tsіn on INSHI goods, tobto zmіna tsіn on vzaєmozamіnnі abo vzaєmodopovnyalnі goods. So, zmіna tsіn on diesel palivo abo skrapleny gas vikliche zmіnu obsyagіv sale Tsikh tovarіv i vpline dinamіku Offers on gasoline. Skorochennya Offers skraplenogo gas zooms zbіlshennya Offers gasoline.

Ochіkuvannya Efekt. Napriklad, virobniki gasoline peredbachayuchi mozhlivіst cob vіyni in Perskіy zatotsі, vrahovuvali mozhlivіst ruynuvannya naphtha sverdlovin in Kuveytі i skorochennya postachan naphtha svіtovy rinok, otzhe, zmenshili obsyag Offers gasoline.

Fig. 14. Zrushennya Offers

Pid vplivom rozglyanutih netsіnovih chinnikіv magnitude Offers product Mauger i zrostati zsuvatis pravoruch od poperednoї quantities abo skorochuvatis i zsuvatis lіvoruch. In addition abo pid іnshomu razі vplivom netsіnovih chinnikіv vіdbuvaєtsya zrushennya Offers.

Fig. 14 shows curves Offers DE. Pripustimo, scho pid vplivom netsіnovogo chinnika magnitude Offers gasoline zrosla of 6 to 8 billion liters when poperednіy tsіnі 1 liter of gasoline 60 gr. od. (The point C2). Mi otrimaєmo nova curve Offers D2E2. Yakscho magnitude Offers gasoline skoroti of 6 to 4 billion liters per tієyu samoyu tsіnoyu 1 liter of gasoline 60 gr. od. (Point C1), the propozitsіya zrushitsya lіvoruch in bіk skorochennya (curve D1E1).

Zavdyaki dії sub'єktіv basic market analysis - spozhivachіv i virobnikіv formuyutsya nayvazhlivіshі category of market analysis: i popit propozitsіya. Categories popitu i Offers virazhayut rinkovі vіdnosini mіzh sub'єktami market analysis, mіzh spozhivachami (pokuptsyami) i virobnikami (seller). Fig. 7-14 grafіchno zobrazheno krivі popitu Offers yak i i rіznі nezalezhnі odne od one yavischa. Ale Yakscho tsі the category virazhayut vіdnosini sub'єktіv market analysis, spozhivachіv virobnikіv i, then i popit propozitsіya іsnuyut deprivation in vzaєmozv'yazku in єdnostі. Yednist i vzaєmozv'yazok popitu that i Offers virazhayut sutnіst yak market analysis processes.

Kriva popitu Got vіd'єmny Nakheel and curve offers - positive, scho Tsikh zumovlyuє neobhіdnіst peretinu curve. Such neobhіdnіst viznachaєtsya i їh rіznoyu zalezhnіstyu od tsіni product, yak yak on vplivaє popitu value, so the value of i Offers. Znizhennya tsіni product viklikaє zbіlshennya quantities popitu on Demba i yogo skorochennya Offers. Pіdvischennya tsіni product viklikaє skorochennya quantities popitu i zrostannya quantities Offers.

Otzhe, vzaєmozv'yazok Offers that popitu s tsіnoyu harakterizuєtsya such minds:

• "propozitsіya - Rate" - zalezhnіst Auburn;

• "Rate - propozitsіya" - zalezhnіst Strait;

• "popit - Rate" - zalezhnіst Strait;

• "Rate - popit" - zalezhnіst Auburn.

Result vplivu dinamіki tsіni the value of i popitu Offers product protilezhnі scho takozh svіdchit about neminuchіst peretinu curve popitu Offers i. Obviously, the value of tsіn koordinuє spіvvіdnoshennya popitu i Offers that povedіnku sub'єktіv Rinku spozhivachіv i virobnikіv. Otzhe, Cena vikonuє funktsії Informácie (іnformuє virobnikіv i spozhivachіv about spіvvіdnoshennya popitu i Offers on market analysis), incentives (stimulyuє obsyag virobnitstva that value popitu) i koordinatsії (koordinuє popit i propozitsіyu, povedіnku sub'єktіv market analysis). Tse is seen in Fig. 15 de zobrazheno gіpotetichnі krivі popitu i Offers on one grafіku s vikoristannyam danih to Fig. 7 i 13.

Pripustimo, Cena 1 liter kolivaєtsya od 20 to 100 grams of gasoline at the market. odes and obsyag prodazhіv -. od 2 to 10 billion liters per mіsyats.

Pobuduєmo curve popitu i curve Offers for guidance danimi. Obviously, for scho naynizhchoyu tsіnoyu 1 liter of gasoline popit bude i Maximum dorіvnyuvatime 10 billion liters (point A). For nayvischoyu tsіnoyu 1 liter of gasoline 100g. od. popit on Demba mіnіmalnim bude i dorіvnyuvatime 2 billion liters (point B). Z'єdnavshi point A i B, otrimaєmo curve popitu gasoline fallow od yogo tsіni. Teper pobuduєmo curve Offers gasoline. For naynizhchoyu tsіnoyu 1 liter of gasoline 20 gr. od. propozitsіya petrol bude mіnіmalnoyu - 2 billion liters (point D), for nayvischoyu tsіnoyu 1 liter of gasoline 100g. od. Offers value of bude maximum - 10 billion liters (point E). Z'єdnavshi point D i E otrimaєmo curve Offers gasoline fallow od yogo tsіni. Poznachimo krivі words "popit" i "propozitsіya".

Fig. 15. Zrіvnovazhena Rate

Potrіbno zvernuti uwagi to those scho for vsіh rіvnіv tsіn zatsіkavlenіst virobnikіv i spozhivachіv not spіvpadaє. Napriklad at tsіnі 1 liter of gasoline 40 gr. od. spozhivachі gotovі buy 8 billion liters of gasoline, ale deprivation virobniki sell 4 billion liters. Yakscho Rate 1 liter of gasoline stanovitime 80 gr. . Odes, the zatsіkavlenіst sub'єktіv tsіlkom zmіnitsya: virobniki gotovі prodatsya 8 billion liters, ale deprivation spozhivachі zgodnі buy 4 billion liters. At the I tіlki odnіy tsіnі 1 liter of gasoline - in rozglyanutomu prikladі Won dorіvnyuє 60 gr. . Odes have tochtsі peretinu curve popitu i Offers zatsіkavlenіst spozhivachіv i virobnikіv spіvpade: Pershi sell 6 billion liters of gasoline, and drugі pridbayut the Same qiu Quantity gasoline. For with such a tsіnoyu gasoline popit i propozitsіya zrіvnyalis, zatsіkavlenіst spozhivachіv i virobnikіv spіvpala. In tsomu prikladі Rate 1 liter of gasoline 60 gr. od. bude zrіvnovazhenoyu tsіnoyu (point C). Stan Rinku at takіy tsіnі nazivaєtsya rinkovoyu rіvnovagoyu. Rinkova rіvnovaga - tse situatsіya, if Plagne th Interests prodavtsіv i spozhivachіv on market analysis tsіlkom spіvpadayut, and the value popitu dorіvnyuє velichinі Offers. Zrіvnovazhena Cena formuєtsya on market analysis in rezultatі vіlnogo i postіynogo Oscillations popitu i Offers on Pevnyi goods.

Zrіvnovazhena Cena Je vodnochase result i zasobom vzaєmozv'yazku that koordinatsії popitu Offers i. As a result, oskіlki formuєtsya in protsesі vіlnogo i postіynogo Oscillations spіvvіdnoshennya popitu that Offers, postіynogo virіvnyuvannya Tsikh values ​​for dermal tsіnoyu. Takozh zrіvnovazhena Basic Rate Je zasobom koordinatsії popitu that Offers, team center Navkolo yakogo kolivayutsya rinkovі tsіni. Zavdyaki zrіvnovazhenіy tsіnі formuєtsya zagalna Vigoda rinkovoї torgіvlі.

Mi vzhe rozglyanuli ponyattya spozhivchogo nadlishku that nadlishku virobnika i zaznachili scho tsі nadlishki Je incentives aktivіzatsії spozhivacha that virobnika yak sub'єktіv market analysis, stimulus formuvannya popitu i Offers tovarіv on market analysis. In rozglyanutomu prikladі, if vіdomy rozmіr zrіvnovazhenoї tsіni, sub'єkti Rinku prodayutsya i kupuyut tsіnі gasoline at 1 liter of 60 g. od., at tsomu Leather z them otrimuє svіy nadlishok. Virobnik Ready CCB prodavatsya gasoline obmezhenіy kіlkostі 20 gr. od. 1 l and factuality prodaє 60 gr. od. for 1 liter, tobto Got nadlishok virobnika on skin lіtrі Prodan gasoline in 40 gr. od. (60 - 20 = 40). Spozhivach CCB Ready zaplatiti in razі gostroї need at 100g. od. per 1 liter of gasoline and factual deprivation pay 60 c. od. for 1 liter, tobto nadlishok spozhivacha becoming 40g. od. on cutaneous lіtrі (100 - 60 = 40). Nadlishok virobnika i spozhivchy nadlishok stanovlyat zagalnu Vigoda torgіvlі. Tse Ekonomichna basis vsіh rinkovih lands s kupіvlі-sale tovarіv, vzaєmnoї Vigoda pokuptsіv i prodavtsіv odnochasno. Obidva sub'єkti lands otrimuyut his Vigoda in viglyadі ekonomії svoїh real vitrat porіvnyano s timey, on SSMSC stink boule zgodnі.