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Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 1

5) the Court

Before kіntsya XIV century. Great Court Knyazіvstva Litovsko-Ruska CCB podіbny to court Knyazhoї Dobie. All povnota sudovoї Vladi nalezhala tіlki knyazevі; od vіn currently transmitted її namіsnikovі, gіyunam i t. n. Inst іsnuvav church court. Mіskі that Silski Gromada Mali vlasnі judge. Krіm Tsikh sudіv, CCB slit court Grand Duke of udіlnimi prince. W kіntsya XIV century. іsnuvali takі judge: A. Velikoknyazhy court - Tse LUVs s Court neobmezhenoyu kompetentsієyu, yaky mіg to judge OAO All right. Vіn CCB odnoosobovy, i navіt, if hto Brave fate in nomu s behest of Prince, the rіshennya nalezhalo tіlki knyazevі. A Quantity velicheznu right, Grand Duke doruchav chivvіti court yakіys dovіrenіy osobі, Ale tse doruchennya not nabuvalo steel character (so boule - komіsarskі, asesorskі, marshalskі judge). Єdiny court Panіv Radi іsnuvav close by velikoknyazhim s court, ale vіn not rozgornuvsya in vessels to install. OAO All tsі judge boule znesenі II Litovskim statute. Oblasnі judge nalezhali namіsnikam, pіznіshe - elders that voєvodam. Pong TER judged OAO All Spravi odnoosobove. Nizhche judge stood Dzyarzhautsau-namіsnika. Gentry did not bula pіdsudna CIM courts. For sudіv derzhavtsіv-namіsnikіv vischoyu іnstantsієyu CCB voєvodi court, and the court od voєvodi mozhna Bulo apelyuvati to court Soim zemlі that the Grand Duke. B. Domіnalnі judge boule zlegalіzovanі privіleєm 1457 r., And of Law 1468 rock vzhe normuє їh kompetentsіyu. Tse - odnoosobovy court Pan-nobleman of the villagers. Gromadskі judge villagers that mіschan Mali titles "mop" sudіv, more people go to them "kopoyu" herd. Kopgі judge boule naystarіsh, i navіt III Statute of vislovivsya zberezhennya їh. In seredinі XVI century. derzhavnі judge zreformovano. On Bіlskomu soymі 1564 rock pid pressure nobility magnates zreklisya svoїh vessels right, naslіdkom chogo Grand Duke vstanoviv zemskі that zamkovі (ґrodskі) judge. In Galichinі tsі judge slit opened in 1434 rotsі.

a) Zemskі abo vibornі shlyahetskі judge opened access in all povіtah. Pong skladalisya s suddі, pіdsudka is the clerk; vsіh їh he fleeced gentry and zatverdzhuvav Grand Duke. Zemskі judge uryaduvali trichі on Year - two tizhnі. Judged stink gentry access in all right, krіm digit krimіnalnih, yak naїzd, pіdpal, ubivstvo, zґvaltuvannya zhіnki, rozbіy toscho. Apelyatsіya on virok nalezhala court to the court of the Grand Duke.

b) ґrodskі, abo zamkovі judge boule odnoosobovі, sudiv namіsnik, elder abo voєvoda. Formalities aside pilnuvav Zamkova Sudd, books vіv clerk. Zamkovі judge tried all the gentry, mіschan i villagers Karni right. Apelyatsіya nalezhala to the Grand Duke. Zemskі judge boule perevazhno tsivіlnimi and zamkovі Carney.

c) Pіdkomorny court zavіv 11 Litovsky Statute; Tse LUVs spetsіyalny court have the right land between. Vіn CCB odnoosobovy, sudiv pіdkomorny, priznacheny Grand Duke for skin povіtu. Advocate pіdkomornogo CCB Komornyik. In Reigning courts Sered vessels uryadovtsіv Povazhnaya Location nalezhalo "dіtskomu" abo "fuss", scho LUVs ekzekutivnim authority court vikonavtsem virokіv, viklikav on the court side, "Drive" obvinuvachenogo toscho; vіn guilty LUVs at svіdkah will hand over to the court Call abo "pribivati ​​yogo on dverі". Zamkova court vikonuvav takozh funktsії Notarya. Cutaneous small right bula Buti zareєstrovana in sudі at svіdkah: - Testament-zapovіt, Skarga on naїzd, rozbіy, "world", maєtku sales posag, shlyub, rozluka toscho. Navіt acti sovereign nature Buti Somalia refinement to Grodskih books napriklad - protest pravoslavnoї Chastain Beresteyskogo Cathedral on the introduction unії i, etc. Thus the rank of the book sudіv yavlyayutsya him dorogotsіnne dzherelo іstorії... Zhittya gave bagato privodіv for such reєstratsіy. Magnates and gentry for them, Mali svoї postіynі vіyskovі paddock s yakimi vchinyali "naїzdi" on susіdіv. Tsі pens hour passing spravzhnі voєnnі dії: priїzdili s Garmata, robili oblogi, taken in full, grabuvali, i fired, etc. In opovіdannі about єpiskopa Borzobogatogo submitted this picture naїzdu... Keruvali naїzdami often zhіnki. Skrivdzheny nasampered vpisuvav to books ґrodskih "protestatsіyu" and napasnik mіg make "protestatsіyu" zi Svoge side. Cope torn down between takozh znahodili vіdbitok in books.

Before Especially pobutu Litovsko-Ruska knyazіvstva nalezhali rodinnі vіdnoshennya. In Litovsko-Ruska knyazіvstvі smut Location in shlyubah nalezhalo not church vіnchannyu and contracts with vstupі "at the camp malzhonsky" - "іntertsizam" yakimi vstanovlyuvano posag narechenoї that "vіno", scho guilty CCB dati їy cholovіk - "malzhonek" yaky for zvichaєm make udvoє bіlshe, TER CCB posag. Posag transition from volodіnnya Rodin, ale vіno zalishalosya nazavzhdi vlasnіstyu squad. Otse all - іntertsiza, rozmіr posagu that vіna - little bootie to a recorded ґrodskih books. The other side of the right - Wedding Music - small obov'yazkovy character. Nerіdko Buvaev scho otsі two points - that іntertsiza Wedding Music - vіdbuvalisya without church vіnchannya. Yak zagalne yavische, shlyubi ukladalosya tіlki on Bazhannya youth. In razі nevdachі, duzhe could easily stench rozvestisya - znovu filed through obopіlnoї "protestatsії 's minds that zabezpechennyam materіyalnih rights dіtey, i todі obidvі parties could take shlyub Novi. Zvichayno for rovluki vіnchanih potrіbna Bula sanktsіya brass court. Widow-іvlyahtіshka vtrachala svoї OOO All rights maєtki batkіv, Yakscho odruzhuvalasya s neshlyahtichem. Ale Ukrajinka abo Yakscho Lithuanian odruzhuvalasya s Pole, won by Tim passed Polschі svoї maєtki.

Dzherela zberegli bagato faktіv, SSMSC svіdchat about іsnuvannya mіtsnih "malzhonskih" zv'yazkіv. Shlyub nabuvav right-handers svіdomostі znateanya contract i at time taїnstva vipadku church shlyubu and ebidva "malzhonki" boule rіvnopravnimi podruzhzhya members. Bear right Bulo "naydoskonalіshe vregulovanim vіddіlom tsivіlnogo rights todіshnomu zakonodavstvі". Rozumіviya Podróżna Zhittya, yak rіvnopravnogo osvyachenogo will "malzhenstva" vіdbilosya on prisyazі scho її skladali molodі pid hour vіnchannya church: in tіy prisyazі pіdkreslyuvalosya rіvnopravnіst oboh i tovarisku Poshanu. Obov'yazkove vіno robilo zhіnku materіyalno by the Independent od cholovіka for yogo Zhittya i zabezpechuvalo hour vdovuvannya. Zhіnki often for Zhittya cholovіkіv robili velikі contribution to fundatsіyu i ozdoblennya church that manastirіv. In pom'yaniku Kiєvo- Pechers'ka Monastery kіntsya XV i XVI century cob. zgadano bagato zhіnok, SSMSC ofіri have made; bagato, notably zhіnok enters to manastirіv. Yak rіvnopravna s cholovіkom vistupala zhіnka i іnіііih to right: іshla on cholі vіyska, mending naїzdi on susіdіv, keruvala materіyalnimi right. Maєmo zhіnok scho entered svoї іmena in іstorіyu ukraїnskoї Culture: Princess Anastasiya Zaslavska in 1556-1561 pp. Costa gave to pereklad ukraїnskoyu movoyu Єvangelії (Peresopnitskoї) "for lіpshogo virozumlennya Ludu hristiyanskogo Commonwealth"; Princess Anne Goyska zasnuvala school at Pochaїvskomu manastirі; Princess Olena Chartoriyska- Ermine zasnuvala school at Peresopnitskomu manastirі (1595 p.). 1615 Rock Pebbles Gulevich, squad mozirskogo Lozka Marshal, "palayuchi pobozhnoyu jealousy to vіri gretskoї" ofіruvala Area in Kiєvі on Podіllі Monastery is the school.