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Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 1

Bucovina is the Zakarpattya

In XVI-XVII century. Dvi Chastain Ukraine - Bukovina that Zakarpattya - to kіlka vіkіv vіddіlyayutsya Ukraine od i live svoїm okremim Zhittya to foreign powers.

a) Bukovina

Protyagom Druha half of the XIV century. rumuni s Semigorodu, shukayuchi pasovisch for svoїh flocks, crossed the Carpathians that oselyuvalisya in pіznіshіy Moldavії that Bukovinі mіzh ukraїnskimi donkey. 1359 rock voєvoda Marmaroschini scho pіdlyagala Ugorskіy derzhavі, Bogdan I, zbuntuvavsya proti ugorskogo king vignav s Bukovina ugorskih uryadovtsіv i zasnuvav nova power - Moldavіyu to warehouse yakoї uvіyshla Bukovina. Moldavska Power prostyagalasya mіzh rіkami Siret, Suceava Moldova that.

For moldavsky throne tochilasya Borotba mіzh rumunskimi that ukraїnskimi applicants i deyaky hour posіdav throne Prince Yuriy Korіyatovich (1373-1374 is the 1400-1401 pp.). Tsya Borotba svіdchit, scho in zasnuvannі Moldavskoї Powers took the fate of the Ukrainian boyars i scho on the cob tsya Derzhavna formatsіya not bula natsіonalno "viznachena. Peremoga Bula for rumunskoyu dinastієyu Musat, yak panuvala to 1552 roku.

For Tsei hour cordon Moldavskogo knyazіvstva poshirivsya on pіvnіch: to Demba included Shipinsku land Hawtin, Cecina, Hmelіv, Chastain Halytska Pokuttya, i on Pivden - to Chorny sea. The capital Moldavskogo knyazіvstva CCB spochatku Seret, od 1391 roku - Suceava and od 1565 roku - Yasi. Vid 1387 to 1497 roku Moldavіya viznavala protectorate. Polschі and od 1514 - Turechchini, i qiu zverhnіst viznavala until 1774 roku, Hoch led o'clock hour od vіyni Zi svoїmi zverhnikami.

Moldavіya small postіynі stosunki s With Ukraine. Vische zgaduvalosya about insurrection Halytska villagers in 1489 rotsі, provіd Where Money Does taking Dmytro Fly, scho h after walking Bukovina. Yogo pіdtrimav Moldavsky voєvoda (volodarі Moldavії name was not a prince, and voєvodami, abo Ruler). Voєvoda Stephen the Great (1457-1504) CCB friend ukraїntsіv i tread ukraїnskoї culture. Dmytro Vishnevetsky (Bayda), unuk Stephen pragnuv zvіlniti up Ukraine, Moldavіyu, Voloschinu s-pid polskogo that turetskogo panuvannya.

Rock 1574 on zaklik voєvodi Іvonі priyshlo 1300 kozakіv s otamanom Sverchevskim (Svirgovskim) on Relief in borotbі proti turkіv, i rock 1577 on Moldavskіm prestolі sіv Otaman Ivan Dіdkovіa, yaky vidavav himself for his brother Іvonі.

Pіslya short pravlіnnya voєvodi Yeremii Mogili (1594-1600), yakogo nastanovili Poles, previously governed Moldavієyu Michael (Mіgay) Khorobrikh. On deyaky hour vіn ob'єdnav Moldavіyu, Voloschinu that the seven-city. Vіn vіv Borotba s Turechchinoyu.

1620-1621 rock on teritorії Moldavії, pid Tsetsoroyu Turks rozgromili polsku armіyu and pid Hawtin polska that ukraїnska armії, pid wire Hetman Sagaidachnogo gave Povny revenge zdobuvshi Peremoga over the Turks. Against tsі vіyni zruynuvali Bukovina, scho viklikalo in 1623-1628 Rokach Folk insurrection.

Nova polsko-turetska vіyna 1634 rock znovu vіdbulasya on teritorії Bukovina, prinіsshi їy chergovu ruynatsіyu. According storonі Turechchini fought Tatari Moldavіya, Voloschina that the Cossacks.

Roku 1634 voєvodoyu Moldavії becoming one іz nayvidatnіshih її gospodarіv Vasyl Lupul, Albanian s pohodzhennya one іz naybagatshih volodarіv Shіdnoї Europe. For yogo pravlіnnya posilen rumunіzatsіya Bukovina.

Krіm polіtichnih zv'yazkіv Moldavії s With Ukraine, about vazhlivі kulturnі zv'yazki kіntsі in the XV century. I. Ivan Krypiakevych Pichet "Moldavskі voєvodi zumіli z'єdnati sobі in Galichinі simpatії. Svіdomі ukraїntsі, Especially gentry, vvazhali moldavskі resemble uspіshnoyu zbroєyu proti Polschі i hunt gave pіdmogu moldavtsyam ". Voєvoda Olexander Lopushnyanul (1552-1561 she 1564-1568) CCB Fundator "Voloskoї church" in Lvovі i s zhіnkoyu Roksandroyu podaruvav in 1557 rotsі Peremiskіy katedrі dorogotsіnny ark s relics that Chrest Manual. On Prohanov Vasil Lupula, Petro Mohyla Wieslaw to Moldavії chentsіv that vchitelіv, SSMSC sacrificed there low spiritual i svіtskih shkіl.

b) Zakarpats'ka UKRAINE

Zakarpatska Rus - land bіlih horvatіv - the entrance to the warehouse Bolgarskogo kingdoms, and z zanepadom yogo in drugіy polovinі X Art. OPIN pid vplivom Kiїvskoї powers. Pid hour mіzhusobits scho Postal pіslya death Volodymyr 1015 roku, Ugorsky King, Stephen I, zahopiv Zakarpattya, i syn Yogo, Emerіh, MAB has the title of "Prince rusinіv". W of an hour before the XX stolіttya Zakarpats'ka UKRAINE belonged to the warehouse Ugorskoї powers.

Through Zakarpattya held Smuga Defense: spochatku Tse boule zasіki in lіsah, and in XIII-XIV Art. - locks. In zv'yazku s tim pogliblyuvavsya processes fevdalіzatsії, velikі peretvoryuvalisya on magnatskі lyatifundії korolіvskі domain. Teritorіya Zakarpattya Bula podіlena on admіnіstrativnі organіzatsії - zhupi, yakimi ruled the County.

In XIII century. Mukachіvsku domіnіyu Ugorsky King Bela IV of Nadab Cherga svoїm zyatyam: knyazevі Rostislavovі Mikhailovich Chernіgіvskomu that knyazevі Levovі Halytska Danilovich. In 1393-1414 rokіv Pan Mukachіvskoї domіnії that nadzhupanom Berezkogo komіtatu (zhupi) becoming prince Fedir Korіyatovich, s old litovskih knyazіv. In pershіy polovinі XV century. Mukachіvskoyu domіnіsyu volodіli serbskі knyazі Stefan Lazarevic Yuriy that Brankovic. Pіslya fact that Orthodox slov'yansky yelement znikaє іz zakarpatskoї aristokratії i zalishaєtsya tіlki selyanstva Sered, s yakogo іnodі vidіlyalisya drіbna gentry that duhovenstvo.53

In the XIII - XV century. on Zakarpattі zustrіlisya kolonіzatsіynih two processes: Zi immediately - volosky, іz sunset - nіmetsko-slovatsky. Volohov nazivali pochasti rumunіv and pochasti - rumunsko-ukraїnske population, yak s come Semigorodu іz svoїmi herds oselyalosya on gіrskih valleys zasnovuvalo i sat on the "voloskomu pravі". Sered volohіv Bulo th ukraїntsіv Cheema. Pong koristalisya samoupravlіnnyam i paid chinsh zemlevlasnikovі.

Pіslya tatarskoї Navali zmіtsnіla nіmetska kolonіzatsіya. Postavy Union arbitrarily nіmetskih gіrnicho-torgovelnih mіst (Sribna land). Mista appeared on nіmetskomu pravі: Bardіїv, Coast, Sevlyush, Pryashіv, Hust that іn. Odnochasno yshla hlіborobska kolonіzatsіya on nіmetskomu pravі in yakіy took ukraїntsі fate. Priplivali іz sunset Slovaks.

Zakarpats'ka UKRAINE Bula pozbavlena samoupravlіnnya that uprivіleyovanih stanіv. Ukraїntsі zberegli his narodnіst nasampered zavdyaki relіgіynomu vіdokremlennyu. Shіdne Christianity shirilosya here, Mabuchi, slit s chasіv, if Zakarpattya nalezhalo to Bolgarskoї, Power, ale vіdomostі about ecclesiastical company profile resembling deprivation s pіznіshih chasіv: from the XIV century. boule vzhe manastirі, Sered them naybіlshih two: St. Nicholas on Chernechіy Hori, bilja Mukachevo, that St. Mikhailov Grushovі on Marmaroschinі. Pravoslav'ya in Ugorschinі, Bulo tіlki tolerovanoyu relіgієyu, i manastirі, church, clergy stale od dobroї Volya zemlevlasnikіv.

1514 rock Zakarpattya took fate in povstannі semigorodskogo nobleman Yurіya Dovzhі proti fevdalіv. Pіznіshe Zakarpattya arrogant represіy pіslya insurrection "kurutsіv" protifevdalnoї that Proto avstrіyskoї partії. OAO All tsі insurrection pogіrshuvali share ukrajins'koho selyanstva, scho pid perebuvalo gnіtom krіpatstva.

1526 roku, pіslya porazki pid Mohachem, Ugorschinu podіleno three Chastain - mіzh Turechchinoyu, Avstrієyu that Semigorodom. H hour of Zakarpattya was Teren de bezperestanku yshli boї. On rіvnini attacked the Turks that the Tatars. Protyagom XVII century. yshla Borotba mіzh ugorskoyu gentry pid wire Semigorodu that avstrіyskim absolutism s yogo ugorskimi prihilnikami.

On the cob XVII century. in Zakarpattі Pocha Borotba mіzh that Catholics Protestants. Tsіsar Rudolf II pіdtrimuvav Ugorschinі to Catholicism at that hour, yak Semigorodu Prince Stefan Bocskai, CCB kalvіnіst. Roku 1606 Bocskai zahopiv tsіsarskі zemlі on Zakarpattі much to Bratislava, i todі pereyshli to Semigorodu: Beach Ugocsa, Tokai, Sukmar. World Bulo pіdtverdzheno right Madjar posіdati OAO All Uryadov, ale on Soim 1608 that 1609 rokіv stink viznali for ukraїntsyami avtonomії rights of Ukrainian lands.

Zakarpattya vtyaguєtsya in relіgіynі vіyni. Pіslya death Barrels tsіsar Matvіy hotіv CCB posaditi the throne Semigorodu Catholic-maґnata Gaumont, ale Bethlen Gábor, pіdtrimany Turechchinoyu, dіstav Semigorod (1613-1629), and pіslya Matvіya death, Bethlen Gábor CCB i Ugorskim King (1620-1621). Vіn zavolodіv usіm Zakarpattya i entered to Protestantskoї Lіgi, yak led Borotba s Catholics. In soyuzі s Chehієyu Bethlen Gábor propped Vіden, ale vtruchannya polskih vіysk Primus yogo znyati oblogu th ryatuvati Zakarpattya. Tim hour in battle pid Bіloyu mountain Katolitska League of the rozgromila Protestantsku. On pіdstavі Nіkolsburzkogo world in 1621 rotsі Bethlen Gábor dіstav slit th Mukachіv.

Panschina, any kind of extortion: the tithe, kvatiruvannya vіysk, conscription, ruynatsіya vnaslіdok voєn - adjusted to the population of Transcarpathia rozpuki. For butt shake insurrection Taras 1631 rock vibuhlo insurrection over gorіshnoyu Tisoyu. On cholі yogo becoming Petro Tsіsar. Zagroza ruynatsії dіdichnih maєtkіv ob'єdnala katolikіv that protestantіv. Takozh i tsіsar ob'єdnalisya magnate Ferdinand III pіdtrimav vіyskami Protestant prince Semigorodu, Yurіya Rakochіya (1630-1648), nastupnika Bethlen Gabor. Vіyska krivavo zdushili insurrection. Against Union Rakochіya s Ferdinand III no CCB trivky: Rakochіy nezabarom in soyuzі Zi Sweden that the French, Ferdinand Poch vіynu h W i zahopiv gorіshnyu Ugorschinu. 1645 rock in Lіntsu CCB pіdpisany world: for Rakochіem tsіsar Ferdinand PІ viznav rights of the Orthodox Church in Yogo volodіnnyah. So OPIN won pid Vladoiu Prince kalvіnіsta.