home Economy books Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Reigning regulyuvannya zaynyatostі

Zgіdno s keynsіanskoyu teorієyu zaynyatostі not іsnuє mehanіzmu, yaky zabezpechuє i garantuє Povny zaynyatіst. One s visnovkіv tsієї teorії Je fundamental provisions scho rinkovu system not mozhna vvazhati samoregulovanoyu, i won potrebuє tsіlespryamovanogo sovereign regulyuvannya.

Reigning regulyuvannya Rinku pratsі zdіysnyuєtsya for chotirma directly:

• pratsevlashtuvannya nezaynyatogo population i dopomoga in proforієntatsії, pіdgotovtsі that perepіdgotovtsі kadrіv;

• spriyannya stvorennyu i rozvitku gnuchkogo pratsі market analysis is the non-standard forms zaynyatostі;

• Legal zabezpechennya vіdnosin of labor;

• sotsіalny Zahist population, yak Got status bezrobіtnih (materіalna dopomoga, viplata Relief from zv'yazku s bezrobіttyam, strahuvannya od bezrobіttya).

Slіd zaznachiti scho Pershi two Je eg active type of sovereign regulyuvannya pratsі market analysis and ostannіy nalezhit to the passive. Krіm of іsnuyut pryamі that nepryamі methodical sovereign zabezpechennya zaynyatostі. Until right metodіv nalezhit zakonodavche regulyuvannya minds Naiman i vikoristannya robochoї Seeley at tsomu Especially values ​​carols kolektivnі Treaty i zakonodavstvo of labor. Before Indirect metodіv sovereign zabezpechennya zaynyatostі nalezhat come in derzhavnoї fіnansovoї polіtiki (asignuvannya th subsidії) monetarnoї polіtiki (regulyuvannya trumpery obіgu) fіskalnoї polіtiki (zmіna podatkovih rates).

Chinniki rozshirenogo vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy

Especially at Sili vіdtvorennya robochoї perehіdnіy ekonomіtsі Je-valued zalezhnіst od motivatsіynoї Basics of trudovoї dіyalnostі, zagostrennya vnutrіshnіh i zovnіshnіh protirіch (tsіlovih, mіzhfazovih, teritorіalno-galuzevih, prostorovo-hours) in samіy vіdtvoryuvalnіy sistemі, dinamіchnіst її mainly proportsіy i forms. Tsі osoblivostі Je svoєrіdnimi katalіzatorami vіdtvoryuvalnogo processes, they viyavlyayutsya Interests vsіh yogo sub'єktіv; knots in superechnostey sprichinyaє problemnі situatsії sotsіalnoї spryamovanostі, oskіlki at tsomu peretinayutsya Interests teritorіy, Galuzo, okremih sotsіalno demografіchnih-group of the population.

Chinniki rozshirenogo vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley: ratsіonalne vikoristannya of labor resursіv vіdpovіdno to їh zdіbnostey i rіvnya kvalіfіkatsії; NAUKOVO-tehnіchny progression; stvorennya minds for vsebіchnogo rozvitku Helsinki Human; yakіsne polіpshennya Zhittya minds; polіpshennya ekologіchnoї situatsії in kraїnі; steel rozvitok natsіonalnoї Economy; stabіlnіst vnutrіshnoї that zovnіshnoї polіtiki powers. Zaznachenі chinniki Je іdealnimi, ale for the minds nestabіlnogo rozvitku stink shaping can not dіyati. Vazhlivo, dwellers Power bіlshe uwagi pridіlyala Human Factor, oskіlki without rozshirenogo vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley not mozhna dosyagti Progreso. Samodіyalna Chastina population formuє rinok robochoї Sealy i Je main productive power suspіlstva.

Problems of zaynyatostі that vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy in Ukraїnі

Formed into Ukraїnі model suspіlstva not sotsіalno Je-rinkovim Gospodarstwa have zagalnoєvropeyskomu rozumіnnі, oskіlki sotsіalna orієntatsіya Economy zdebіlshogo traktuєtsya zastarіlo yak priskorene zrostannya spherical obslugovuvannya abo yak stvorennya pevnoї Sistemi sotsіalnogo Zahist, okremі come in yakoї toil perevazhno epіzodichny, kon'yunkturny character i funktsіonuyut autonomously, not stvoryuyuchi tsіlіsnoї system. W looking around at tse in Ukraїnі neobhіdnі zmіni in sotsіalno orієntovanіy modelі ukrajins'koho suspіlstva zagalom i regulyuvannі Rinku pratsі that zaynyatostі zokrema population. Sotsіalna orієntatsіya at perehodі oznachaє to Rinku not funktsіonuvannya Sistemi sotsіalnogo Zahist, spryamovanoї on utrimanstvo, yak stvorennya rozvinenogo rinkovogo seredovischa. Tom regulyuvannya zaynyatostі potrebuє vzaєmopov'yazanogo virіshennya problems in sferі makroekonomіchnoї stabіlіzatsії, strukturnoї perebudovi fіnansovo-kreditnoї, byudzhetnoї, podatkovoї polіtiki that polіtiki sotsіalnogo Zahist. Perevaga Got nadavatis ekonomіchnomu regulyuvannyu - fіskalnіy i penny-kreditnіy polіtitsі, stvorennyu such minds SSMSC b spryamovuvali dії vsіh sub'єktіv rinkovih vіdnosin on zabezpechennya optimalnoї zaynyatostі.

For podolannya negatively tendentsіy in sferі zaynyatostі population vazhlivo postіyno vdoskonalyuvati sotsіalno-ekonomіchnі mehanіzmi regulyuvannya zaynyatostі in praktichnіy dіyalnostі admіnіstrativnih gospodarskih organіv i s i realіzatsії strategіchnih precisely zavdan schodo efektivnosti vіdtvorennya that vikoristannya labor potentsіalu. Taqiy mehanіzm can be schematically predstaviti in viglyadі troh vzaєmopov'yazanih agregovanih sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih blokіv: prognozuvannya, stimulyuvannya that upravlіnnya zaynyatostі processes (Fig. 34).

Nasampered funktsіonuvannya zaznachenogo mehanіzmu potrebuє NAUKOVO obґruntovanogo prognozuvannya: stvorennya suchasnoї іnformatsіynoї bazi, scho vrahovuvatime digit dosvіd vikoristannya carrying metodіv that іnformatsіyno-randomness in Jerel Ukraїnі and takozh aprobovany in bagatoh kraїnah dosvіd funktsіonuvannya systems teritorіalnogo sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo monіtoringu. Otzhe, іnformatsіyna base otsіnki Dusty zmogu viyaviti tendentsії vіdtvorennі robochoї in Sealy, viznachiti rіven zaynyatostі population Quantity nezaynyatogo population i dopomozhe viyaviti real popit on robochі Georeferencing.

Fig. 34. Mehanіzm regulyuvannya zaynyatostі population

Other block mehanіzmu regulyuvannya zaynyatostі population - stimulyuvannya efektivnoї realіzatsії labor potentsіalu - Got include come in h regulyuvannya Offers robochoї Seeley that її nablizhennya to the structure of popitu on neї, SSMSC podіlyayutsya on aktivnі th neaktivnі and takozh come in h rozshirennya popitu on robochem force SSMSC in his Cherga, rozpodіlyatimutsya on pryamі i nepryamі come in stimulyuvannya.

Tretіy block mehanіzmu guilty spriyati rozrobtsі i realіzatsії doskonalіshih program spriyannya zaynyatostі population in the state-sponsored, regіonalnomu i mіstsevomu rіvnyah.

The command admіnіstrativnіy sistemі polіtika zaynyatostі, vplivayuchi mainly on propozitsіyu robochoї Sealy, small obmezhenі mozhlivostі zastosuvannya s metoyu rozshirennya popitu on robochem force. In the minds rinkovih vіdnosin for realіzatsії zaynyatostі robochoї Sealy prіoritet guilty nadavatisya stimulyuvannyu rozshirennya popitu on robochem force yak nayaktivnіshomu sunset polіtiki pratsі on market analysis. Tobto aktivnіst derzhavnoї polіtiki zaynyatostі spiratit Got to come in zasterezhnogo motivatsіynogo character on protivagu overhangs postfaktornogo character in the minds, if vzhe bezrobіttya іsnuє.

Kontrolnі power

1. Nazvіt i characterize Vidi zaynyatostі.

2. Shcho slіd rozumіti pid termіnom "Povny zaynyatіst"?

3. SSMSC you vіdomі teorії zaynyatostі, denote the stench vіdrіznyayutsya?

4. About scho svіdchit A. Okun's law?

5. Nazvіt that characterize skladovі processes vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley.

6. Shcho Takeo bezrobіttya i yak vono rozrahovuєtsya?

7. SSMSC nayvіdomіshі Vidi bezrobіttya Je in Ukraїnі?

8. Shcho Takeo efektivnіst virobnitstva?

9. Rozkriyte sutnіst chinnikіv rozshirenogo vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley.

10. Yak zdіysnyuєtsya Reigning regulyuvannya zaynyatostі?

11. Chomu in the following Ukraїnі rokami perevazhatime іntensivne vіdtvorennya resursіv of labor?