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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Mehanіzm regulyuvannya virobnitstva

Not vtrachaє aktualnostі slit one problem at nalagodzhennі efektivnostі regulyativnostі suspіlno-virobnichih protsesіv for Relief gospodarskogo mehanіzmu: yak viroblyati? Over the minds rinkovoї konkurentsії sub'єkti gospodaryuvannya (fіrmi, kompanії that іn.) Pragnuchi zbіlshuvati Prybutok, pomіtno zmenshuyut vitrati on odinitsyu product through zaluchennya naydeshevshih virobnichih resursіv, zastosuvannya naydoskonalіshih tehnologіy i systems organіzatsії gospodarskoї dіyalnostі. Here at gospodaryuyuchih sub'єktіv Je great alternatives vibіr s skin vikoristovuvanogo resource for stvorennya that zbutu produktsії, pіdboru varіantіv tehnologіy. Prorahunki shaping can negatively on vplinuti konkurentospromozhnіst fіrm, їh rinkove encampment, mіtsnіst rinkovoї pozitsії. However pіdriv konkurentsії generally produces to conservatism - resource, tehnologіchnogo th organіzatsіyno-upravlіnskogo, zreshtoyu to monopolіzmu schodo Jerel resursіv, rinkіv zbutu, kupіvlі-sale patentіv i lіtsenzіy. In rinkovіy situatsії monopolnі gospodaryuyuchі structure part kupuyut patents th lіtsenzії not vprovadzhennya novatsіy in virobnitstvo, but in order not dwellers dopustiti їh vikoristannya competitors. Potrіbnі antimonopolnі dії s side powers, dwellers pіdtrimati health, Chesney konkurentsіyu, podolati zastіynі processes to yakih dosit frequently generally produces monopolіzatsіya vsogo i all in ekonomіchnomu zhittі suspіlstva. In this razі power for Relief antitrust regulyuvannya Got dopomagati market analysis adequately vіdpovіsti to food, yak viroblyati.

Yea i Duzhe vazhlivoyu vіdpovіd mehanіzmu gospodaryuvannya, derzhavnoї ekonomіchnoї strategії schodo mozhlivostey adaptatsії sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya to zmіnyuvanih minds. Konkurentsіya nadaє mozhlivіst rinkovіy ekonomіtsі Shvydko pristosovuvatis Change log in to the part that popitі Offers, resursnіy bazі in tehnologіyah i organіzatsії gospodarskoї dіyalnostі have zbutі tovarnoї masi in kon'yunkturі, tsіnah. Zagroza zmenshennya pributku, viniknennya zbitkіv i navіt bankrutstvo zmushuє fіrmi, kompanії, malies BIZNES zagalom postіyno onovlyuvati assortment of i range viroblyuvanih tovarіv actively perehoditi to vikoristannya naysuchasnіshih resursіv sirovini th materіalіv, novіtnіh tehnologіy. In tsomu razі, yak vvazhav A. Smіt, Nemov spratsovuє "invisible hand of market analysis", scho vrіvnovazhuє Private Interests tovarovirobnikіv, orієntovanih on obsession maximum mozhlivogo pributku, i suspіlnі Interests in zadovolennі dinamіchno zmіnyuvanih require, ekonomії resursіv i in tehnіchnomu progresі. Prote rіznі monopolіstichnі ob'єdnannya (mono th olіgopolії) mozhut really zmenshuvati i navіt neytralіzovuvati zdatnіst rinkovoї Economy to adaptatsії. Poyasnyuєtsya Tse note scho monopolіstichnі utvorennya, mayuchi mozhlivіst zbіlshuvati, naroschuvati pributki vnaslіdok Svoge panuvannya on market analysis, nehtuyut suspіlnі require SSMSC potrebuyut riziku i digit digit vitrat koshtіv, resursіv i tehnologіy, іnkoli dosit seryoznih. In tsomu razі "invisible hand of market analysis" E spravdі invisibility tochnіshe, nepomіchenoyu. The I tіlki vtruchannya powers zdatne polіpshiti situatsіyu. The Power її organic zobov'yazanі pereshkodzhati zasillyu monopolіstichnih structures for Relief antitrust regulyuvannya, nadavati pіdtrimku note pіdpriєmstvam innovators, scho pragnut osvoyuvati Key infrastructure novoї, progresivnіshoї produktsії and takozh Zaporizhya tehnologії, novі resources.

Gospodarsky mehanіzm not Mauger efektivnosti pratsyuvati, perebuvayuchi pose regulyuvannyam kіlkіsnogo vikoristannya narodnogospodarskih resursіv. On tse power Sotho rinkovy mehanіzm vіdpovіdaє have Taqiy sposіb: popit porodzhuє propozitsіyu i navpaki. Vikoristannya resursіv viznachaєtsya, s one side, structural proportsієyu mіzh sukupnim popitom sukupnoyu propozitsієyu i and s іnshogo - stage monopolіzatsії Economy. Hronіchne th nerіdko INCREASING bezrobіttya, nepovne zavantazhennya virobnichih bearing-down in yak powers klasichnogo kapіtalіzmu, so i in postsotsіalіstichnih kraїnah (zokrema in Ukraїnі) - such vіzitna kartka suvoroї realnoї dіysnostі.

Uprodovzh desyatirіchchya svoєї Nezalezhnosti UKRAINE experienced a great decline ekonomіchnogo rozvitku: Hope of Ukrainian half of companies do not pratsyuvalo, obsyagi virobnitstva natsіonalnogo product natsіonalnogo income promislovoї produktsії ninі dalekі rіvnіv od 1990 r. W spadix new stolіttya i tisyacholіttya z'yavilisya obnadіylivі zrushennya in dinamіtsі ekonomіchnogo rozvitku Ukraine. Prote in ekonomіtsі de domіnuє rinkovy deprivation mehanіzm, suspіlstvu Nadto vazhko rozv'yazuvati problemi aktivіzatsії ekonomіchnogo zrostannya, pіdnesennya national DOBROBUT. Tacke encampment potrebuє tsіlespryamovanogo sovereign regulyuvannya, efektivnіshogo vikoristannya mehanіzmu gospodaryuvannya.

Pragnuchi zabezpechiti sotsіalnu spravedlivіst, zokrema in ekonomіchnih vіdnosinah mіzh rіznimi suspіlnimi verstvami, stabіlnіst ekonomіchnogo zrostannya optimally zbalansovanіst proportsіy narodnogospodarskogo vіdtvoryuvalnogo Process, Power vodnochase Got Dolata zrіvnyalіvskі tendentsії in spozhivannі materіalnih goods i poslug, SSMSC zavazhayut naroschuvannyu ekonomіchnoї efektivnostі i mozhut really prizvesti to krizovoe situatsіy . Derzhavі brought vzhivati ​​dіyovih i nerіdko Precarious zahodіv, dwellers pіdtrimuvati sotsіalnu th ekonomіchnu stabіlnіst. Tse dvoєdine strategіchne zavdannya sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo rozvitku Got rіznі vіdtіnki in funktsіonuvannі gospodarskih mehanіzmіv on rіznih іstorichnih Etap. Thus, in the not too distant passed in CPCP that іnshih sotsіalіstichnih kraїnah Reigning vtruchannya in usі processes suspіlnogo Zhittya little vіdverto anti-bourgeois character spryamovuvalos proti privatnoї vlasnostі, yak bula factual posture law. Nadtsentralіzm time s zhorstkim bureaucracy uniquely galmuvali mozhlivostі ekonomіchnogo rozvitku, Hoca skladalosya omanlive vrazhennya stabіlnostі th zrіvnyalіvskoї spravedlivostі that blagodіynitstva. Dosvіd showing scho taka system gospodaryuvannya potrebuє seryoznogo reformuvannya instead drіbnogo, kosmetichnogo repair. Zaradi spravedlivostі potrіbno viznati scho breech sotsіalіzm Radyans'ka zrazka vikonav svoє іstorichne priznachennya: zdіysniv іndustrіalіzatsіyu have quiet powers, de іsnuvav digit hour spriyav posilennyu sotsіalnoї orієntatsії rozvitku bagatoh kraїn kapіtalіstichnogo fret. Vzagalі sotsіalіzatsіya ekonomіchnogo Zhittya, SOCA іstorichnu porazku treasury sotsіalіzmu, yogo gospodarskogo mehanіzmu, Je ob'єktivno neminuchoyu toyu mіroyu, yakoyu daє vіdpovіdі osnovopolozhnі to power about the fate of powers i suspіlnih structures scho obmezhuyut dictatorship pennies monopolіstichnih utvoren, about stihіyu market analysis. Tom nevipadkovo gospodarsky mehanіzm s chіtko virazhenoyu sotsіalnoyu spryamovanіstyu naybіlshe rozvinuvsya in skandinavskih kraїnah de boule realіzovanі modelі sotsіal-democratic (national) kapіtalіzmu, Gromadyanska (bourgeois) sotsіalіzmu. Sogodnі sotsіalny zmіst gospodarskih mehanіzmіv bagatoh kraїn dosit rіznomanіtny.

Zrostannya rolі powers in regulyuvannі gospodarskogo Zhittya Got svoє іstorichne zabarvlennya th oblichchya. For pershoї half of the XX century. Bulo characteristic zarodzhennya minutes away zmіtsnennya great-power monopolіstichnogo mehanіzmu gospodaryuvannya in bagatoh visokorozvinenih kraїnah. Practice this mehanіzmu gospodaryuvannya spriyala rozvitku kontseptsії "sovereign sotsіalіzmu" are yakoї polyagala in sprobі vikoristati ekonomіchnu mogutnіst powers for priskorenogo peretvorennya suspіlstva on sotsіalno-gumanіstichnih ambushes. Prote in real zhittі Winick "admіnіstrativno-rozporyadchy" mehanіzm gospodaryuvannya macro- that mіkrorіvnyah, admіnіstrativno-command ekonomіka.

Svіtovy ekonomіchny rozvitok postupovo Dolav kraynoschі in pobudovі models mehanіzmіv gospodarskogo Zhittya (kapіtalіzm chi sotsіalіzm) vbachayuchi vihіd in pobudovі sotsіalno-rinkovogo mehanіzmu gospodaryuvannya, tobto zmіshanoї Economy. Scho tse oznachaє in realnіy dіysnostі? Rinkova stihіya, Yakscho її not kontrolyuvati, Mauger sprichiniti ruynіvnі processes in suspіlstvі i prirodі. Tom rinkova model gospodaryuvannya, mehanіzm її vtіlennya in ekonomіku Kraina potrebuє regulyuvannya. The role of the center regulyuvannya naykrasche Mauger vikonuvati Power - Collective body zagalnosuspіlny іnstitut, nadіleny right pozaekonomіchnogo vtruchannya in ekonomіchnі vіdnosini. The problem polyagaє in fact dwellers vіdnayti optimally Mezhuyev, nayratsіonalnіshі FORMS i Metodi sovereign regulyuvannya, SSMSC used without ruynuyuchi rinkovoї Nature Economy, vodnochase zabezpechuvali dosyagnennya visokoї sotsіalnoї efektivnostі. Varto zaznachiti scho haotichnі, nedostatno motivovanі sprobi reformuvannya gospodarskogo mehanіzmu mozhut viklikati in suspіlstvі, kraїnі chislennі perebudovi, SSMSC shaping can bring benefit not deprivation, and th neprognozovane ruynuvannya Positive nabutkіv, sotsіalnih tsіnnostey. Zvichayno, ob'єktivnіst sovereign regulyuvannya rinkovoї Economy Mauger porodzhuvati (i nerіdko porodzhuє) Spokusa Sotho policy rozv'yazannya bagatoh gospodarskih power to rіznih rіvnyah funktsіonuvannya zagalnoekonomіchnogo suspіlnogo mehanіzmu. Ale chislennі sprobi admіnіstrativno Sotho-bureaucratic rozv'yazannya folding sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih problems stvoryuyut often vidimіst podolannya krizovoe situatsіy, Hoca in okremih areas dіyalnostі rіshuche Reigning vtruchannya dotsіlne i Mauger Buti efektivnosti.

Strategіya sovereign regulyuvannya polyagaє in this for: • rіznih sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih minds prіoritetnimi toil Buti zdorovі rinkovі FORMS organіzatsії th stimulyuvannya virobnitstva. Power to blame materіalno-fіnansovo zabezpechuvati perevazhno sotsіalno znachuschі the Branch i spherical suspіlnoї dіyalnostі,

SSMSC not privablyuyut Private pіdpriєmtsіv through nevisoku pributkovіst digit i rizik;

• Derzhavna regulyatsіya, Reigning pіdpriєmnitstvo toil spriyati rozvitku healthy private bіznesu, zokrema small th serednogo;

• Especially values ​​i suspіlnoї crowbars Reigning regulyuvannya nabuvaє glibokih minds of crisis, visokoї іnflyatsії, neobhіdnostі regulyatsії in sferі mіzhderzhavnih ekonomіchnih that sotsіalno cultural vіdnosin (eksport-іmport, mіzhderzhavna spetsіalіzatsіya virobnitstva, spіlne pіdpriєmnitstvo, valyutnі vіdnosini, cultural spіvrobіtnitstvo Naukova i).

Pіdsumovuyuchi can konstatuvati scho Suchasna rinkova ekonomіka Je regulyuyuchoyu great-power and power dedalі bіlshe peretvoryuєtsya on guarantor stabіlnostі th tsivіlіzovanostі mehanіzmu rinkovogo gospodaryuvannya, dosyagnennya such tsіley sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo rozvitku: mіnіmіzatsіya mozhlivih negatively navіt ruynіvnih naslіdkіv; stvorennya i pіdtrimannya legal, fіnansovo and credit, sotsіalnih peredumov for optimal funktsіonuvannya rinkovoї Economy; zabezpechennya sotsіalno Legal Zahist іnteresіv usіh gromadyan, Especially Vulnerable naybіlsh minds in market analysis. For dosyagnennya zaznachenih tsіley Suchasna Power Got digit arsenal zasobіv regulyuyuchogo vplivu on mehanіzm rinkovogo gospodaryuvannya.

Legal regulyuvannya

Sered bagatoh chinnikіv vplivu powers on rinkove seredovische The major role nalezhit legal regulyuvannyu ekonomіchnih vіdnosin, stvorennyu pravovoї bazi for tsogo. On vіdmіnu od admіnіstrativno-command mehanіzmu gospodaryuvannya de oderzhavlenі gospodaryuyuchі sub'єkti not mali seryoznoї samostіynostі, rinkove gospodaryuvannya peredbachaє legal regulyuvannya ekonomіchnih protsesіv. Іnstituti derzhavnoї Vladi, viroblyayuchi yuridichnі normalized gospodarskogo zakonodavstva, vstanovlyuyut for sub'єktіv ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі pevnі gris rules yakih stink toil dotrimuvatisya pid control organіv pravosuddya, the prosecutor's office that іn. Gospodarskim right ekonomіchnim zakonodavstvom in tsivіlіzovanomu svіtі reglamentovane all ekonomіchne Zhittya, funktsіonuvannya vlasnostі forms, order ukladennya gospodarskih land, virіshennya gospodarskih i sporіv of labor. In legal polі zdіysnyuєtsya Antimonopoly dіyalnіst powers, robot bankіvsko CREDIT SET, sotsіalne zabezpechennya, pratsyuє Derzhavna system receptionists Zdorov'ya people. Yuridichnі laws, regulatory pravovі іnstrumenti shaping can Buti nedoskonalimi, to zakonodavchі organic powers poklikanі pratsyuvati over udoskonalennyam zakonodavstva, dwellers vono adequately vіdobrazhalo vimogi i zavdannya gospodarskogo Zhittya in іnteresah pіdtrimannya stabіlnostі, sotsіalnoї spravedlivostі, optimіzatsії narodnogospodarskogo rozvitku. Vazhko pereotsіniti legal powers i role in prirodokoristuvannі, ohoronі dovkіllya scho nevіddіlna od zagalnoderzhavnogo mehanіzmu organіzatsії that regulyuvannya narodnogospodarskogo vіdtvoryuvalnogo processes.

Vodnochase more normal gospodarske Zhittya not guilty Buti pereobtyazhene drіb'yazkovoyu legal reglamentatsієyu, neskіnchennimi perevіrkami, control, scho Mauger sprichiniti nevpevnenіst in dіyalnostі gospodaryuyuchih sub'єktіv Square od vlasnostі forms.

Formuvannya gospodarskogo mehanіzmu i pіdnesennya efektivnostі yogo robots - tse bagatokompleksny processes scho viplivaє s aktivnoї vzaєmodії powers th Economy.

Kontrolnі power

1. Rozkriyte sotsіalno-ekonomіchnu nature ponyattya "gospodarsky mehanіzm".

2. Describe strukturnі Elements gospodarskogo mehanіzmu.

3. Chomu ob'єktivno neobhіdne Reigning vtruchannya in gospodarske Zhittya Kraina?

4. Describe mezhі rinkovogo gospodaryuvannya i sovereign vplivu to Demba.

5. Klasifіkuyte sub'єkti gospodaryuvannya.

6. Chi Mauger Power zaymatis pіdpriєmnitskoyu dіyalnіstyu?

7. yakih directly Mauger zdіysnyuvslyuvannya in gospodarskomu zhittі.

9. Shcho oznachaє "invisible hand" rinkovogo regulyuvannya ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі for vіdomim tverdzhennyam A. Smіta?

10. Chi mozhna vvazhati Suchasnyj ekonomіku Ukraine sotsіalno-rinkovoyu? Chi vlastivі tsomu ponyattyu protirіchchya?