home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 1

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 1

PІDSUMKI

Short vіdtinok hour -pіvstolіttya - Money Does prisvyacheny Tsey rozdіl, nasicheny zmіstom in vsіh Galuzo Zhittya Ukraine.

Naprikіntsі XVI century. by vsіy Pravoberezhnіy Ukraїnі spalahuvali selyanskі insurrection proti dіdichіv and mіskoї bіdnoti - against patritsіїv, kuptsіv. Ale OAO All tsі insurrection Mali іzolovany character. Povstantsі battled svoїh gnobitelіv, namagayuchis polіpshiti UHSV materіyalne encampment. Before the People's svіdomostі weight duzhe povіlno reached, scho treba fight not against gnobitelіv and against the regime. In tsomu vіdnoshennі duzhe vazhlivoyu Je sproba vstanoviti narodopravstva without polskogo shlyahetskogo regime. Qiu sprobu Zroby naperedodnі XVII century. (1594-1596) bratslavskі mіschani s Relief kozakіv pid wire Nalyvaiko.

Inshyj character toil insurrection XVII stolіttya. They take active part not Selanne s pitchfork that Saucier and Cossacks lіpshe vіysko Zahіdnoї Europe.

Zagartovane in battle Tatars s i Turks kozatstvo naperedodnі XVII century. vvazhalosya digit chinnikom in borotbі Turechchinoyu h, i nedarma the pope th tsіsar Rudolf Gabsburzky zasilali poslіv for peregovorіv in tsіy spravі s Cossacks. Not "Gultjaev", not "zbіgovischem zlochintsіv" vvazhali kozatstvo togochasnі mogutnі volodarі Europe. That th samі Cossacks s vlasnoї іnіtsіyativi vihodili pose mezhі Rechі Pospolitoї that zaporozkih stepіv i actively involved in єvropeyskі vіyni, headaches rank among the 30 lіtnyu vіynu; krіm stench that took part in the campaign Lzhedimitrіya Moscow.

Kozaki steel tієyu mіlіtarnoyu power, without the participation of yakoї godі Bulo virіshuvati power vіyni is the world Shіdnoї Europe. Vіtri Zi Immediately bring pillows, SSMSC vzhe pochinali oformlyuvatisya in the minds lіpshih predstavnikіv kozatstva. "Pokazuєtsya scho Cossacks Bajan utverditi his respublіku in Ukraїnі and Zaporіzhzhya including deprivation litsarskoyu school" - harakterizuvav tsі nastroї P. Kulіsh. Before Tsikh visnovkіv came second sposterezhlivі chuzhintsі. W Ґdansku wrote scho Cossacks "nіbito hochut zasnuvati nova respublіku for yakoї butsіmto Nalivayko tidy up the title of prince." Tse tverdzhennya not vіdpovіdalo dіysnostі, tsіkava ale, scho Bulo vono. Vdumlivy sposterіgach, katolitsky єpiskop minutes. Vereschinsky, 1596 rock submitting project stvorennya Kozatskoї powers on Skhid od Dnipra. Togochasnі chuzhinetskі document and svіdchat scho pillows about stvorennya Kozatskoї powers kruzhlyali on Shodі Europe.

On tlі Tsikh bit that dumok nabuvaє tsіlkom іnshogo zabarvlennya short Doba getmanuvannya Sagaydachnogo. Peremoga over Turechchinoyu, zdobuttya Caffi, zvityazhna fate in polskomu pohodі on Moscow nareshtі - bіy pid Hawtin! Yak Valadar previously governed vіn With Ukraine not zvertayuchi uwagi to those scho on Zaporіzhzhі sidіv nezdaly Hetman wart. The I do not k hetman warts domovlyavsya king and s Sagaydachnogo. Valadar CCB vіn, Sagaidachniy, i zalishivsya him to death, yak perekreslila OAO All dosyagnennya mayzhe 20 rokіv.

Ale ni pіdstupna polіtika Polschі, ni death itself is not the leader of zmogli znischiti іdeologіchnogo zrushennya, yak viklikali dії Sagaydachnogo. Novovisvyachenі Vlad manіfestі in 1621 roku said scho Cossacks - "Ruska plem'ya nice people ... Tse Well stink of Volodymyr, monarch Ruska, voyuvali Gretsіyu, Makedonіyu, Іlіrik. Tse Well їhnі ancestors once s Volodymyr Christ vіru hristiyansku od Konstantinogalskoї priymali Church. " So ofіtsіynomu dokumentі stverdzheno spadkoєmstvo kozakіv od "rusіv".

Mina 28 scary krivavih rokіv, rokіv prignіchennya ukrajins'koho people rokіv, .koli peremozhna Polscha Pevnyi bude, scho rozchavila kozakіv. I in mёnt, if peremozhets, Bogdan Khmelnytskyi, start up of Kyiv, Kyiv vіtatime yogo tsimi w words. Not zvazhayuchi on porazki on prignіchennya, іdeya, yak zrodilasya - lived. Tsya іdeya Bula porodzhena Sagaydachnogo.

Do not hammered tsієї іdeї i tyazhkі nevdachі kozakіv, ni prignoblennya a winner. Pid Popiel nadіy zhevrіv Vogon scho spalahnuv revolyutsієyu Bohdan Khmelnytskyi.

Insurrection pershoї half HVP Art. vzhe not boules rozrіznenimi Selyanske insurrection XVI stolіttya. Tse vzhe bula vіyna, yak velasya "a life-and-death" vіyna in yakіy obidva opponents napruzhuvali OAO All svoї Sealy th vistavlyali svoїh naykraschih polkovodtsіv. Peremogla flattered, yak small nezmіrno bіlshe forces. Kozatstvo, vtrativshi lіpshih vozhdіv, vtrativshi dozens tisyach victims zdobutі rights nіbito Bulo roztoroschene navіki. So korotkozoro divilisya polsky Uryadov, magnates, the nobility, trіyumfuyuchi Peremoga nasolodzhuyuchis th "Golden spokoєm". Ale the hatchet has been viewed before rіshuchim boєm!

Tsey "Golden spokіy" giving mozhlivіst Ukraїnі pіdnesti Gospodarstwa, rozbuduvati promislovіst. Novі rudnі, Guti, wake, burі minute selіtri, solyanі zhupi, voskobіynі Mlyn vkrivayut up Ukraine. Velicheznі Edge vgodovanoї thinness zhenut across the border. Eksport zbіzhzhya perevischuє eksport usіh poperednіh rokіv. Zvichayno gold lilosya in kishenі polskoї gentry that magnatіv, ale dіstavali descho th Ukrainian Cossacks mіschani that villagers.

Kolonіzatsіya Lіvoberezhzhya Ukrainian people znovu wider mezhі Ukraine far Skhid. Schopravda, share-valued іnіtsіyativi nalezhala polskim magnates, ale shirokі populated steppe Ukrainian villagers. Buduvali novі Mista polskі tycoon, ale they tarried ukraїntsі. Persha half of the XVII century. harakterizuєtsya poshirennyam ukraїnskoї kolonіzatsії slit Dali on Skhid - to Wild field on Donechchina de virostaє New Ukraine, Slobіdska. Naslіdkom Tsikh kolonіzatsіynih ruhіv for mezhami Polschі on the settlement, in the steppe, in Wild polі virostalo basis pokolіnnya ukraїntsіv, scho slit not arrogant gnіtu panschini, krіpatstva, pokolіnnya volelyubnih i svіdomih svoєї Seeley people. All tse viyavilosya pіznіshe, ale vizrіvalo pid hour "golden Spock."

On bazі ekonomіchnogo rozkvіtu Kraina zrostala NATIONAL culture. Ostrіg, Lviv, Kyiv - tsі three oseredki s їh schools Drukarnya, scientists gave a short hour so bagato cultural tsіnnostey, yakih not given poperednі stolіttya. Kiev zaynyav svoє іstorichne Location in іstorії ukraїnskoї Culture: Bratska school th Kiєvo-Mogilyanska kolegіya scho became Persha Ukrainian unіversitetom, drukarnі, gurtki scientists Єliseya Pletenetskogo, scho becoming the "father vsogo ukrajins'koho people" i bunt Petra Mogili, scho is happening "Kiev The Athenaeum ". Velicheznimi Kroc stepped forward culture, science, Mistetstvo. Creates lіteraturna mova, ukladalisya vocabularies, pіdruchniki, plyani and headache - vihovuvalosya basis pokolіnnya - osvіchene, activity, natsіonalno svіdome, scho passed Pisha Ukraine.

Yaka kolosalnoe rіznitsya mіzh Kiєvom kіntsya XVI century, if vіn CCB drugoryadnim mіstom, іz zruynovanimi churches, s bіdnim mіschanstvom -. I Kiєvom before Hmelnichchine, if vіn znovu zasyayav krasoyu St. Sofії, the Savior on Berestovі іnshih hramіv that, if she became znovu cultural ecclesiastical capital of a great nation.

Churches became the basis of cultural Zhittya Ukraine. Relіgіyna polemіka made a number vidatnih pismennikіv. In іstorії Ukraine does not Bulo Dobie, yak bula b so nasichena ecclesiastical diskusіyami. Ale th Bulo not in іstorії Ukraine Dobie in yakіy lіpshі predstavniki oboh taborіv - unіyatskogo that orthodox - so tіrko ubolіvali b s drive podіlu Ukraine on Dvi Chastain th so schiro pragnuli b ob'єdnati s Russ Russo ". Tse bula Stop sproba, yak bіlshe not happen again.

Ukrainian people pіdnіssya on nedosyazhnu visochіn. The I scho glibshe usvіdomlyuvav vіn svoє ekonomіchne bagatstvo, spirits greatness note gostrіshe vіdchuvav contrast mіzh CIM pіdnesennyam i natsіonalnim prignіchennyam: Yomou brakuvalo Svobody that vlasnoї powers.

Taqiy CCB zmіst tsієї Dobie - svіtanku velikoї revolyutsії Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, pіdgotovi to neї; Dobie, cob i kіnets yakіy poklal maestatichnі postattі dvoh vidatnih muzhіv Ukraine, dvoh Petrіv: Hetman Sagaydachnogo that Metropolitan Peter Mogili