Політична економія - Oganyan G.A.

Problems of economical development of the past and future of the region

The result of the national-liberation struggle for independence, the collapse of the colonial system in the 50's and 60's rock of the 20th century. Dozens of new powers have come to the development of the sovereign. For the rocks nezalezhnostі tsі kraїni have passed the folding steps of socially-economical peredvoren, podsyag pivnikh uspekhiv in the process of securing the foundations of the national economy. At the same time, the transfer of the bills of the border, the development, did not vanish in a short period of time, as well as in the promising areas of the economy of the economy, it is difficult to solve social problems.

In the midday of the minds of the means of the world, it is rooted out, the process of subordination of economic choices is encouraged. Ninі stubs perebuivayut prinaymni on three trenches rivnih gospodarskogo rozvitku. Naybіlsh promislovo rozvineni assured a group of new and industrial landscapes (NIK). Promizhnu grupu become kraїni, sho істотно відстають від НІК for the zagalnym vyrobomvtva vіrobnitsva vіrobnitsvom goods and іsg per capita population. Tsya group, zokrema krayani Blizkogo At once, characterized by the great differentiation of galus structures, social histories of the population of this territory by susinstv.

Up to the group of naimens, rozvineny kraine ninі nalezhat near 50 kraїn, scho rozvivayutsya. Yak rule, stink vyuzku, navyt monokulturnuyu structure of the state, the greatness of the income of the calls dzherel fіnansuvannya virіshennі pitan i sotsіialno-ekonomichnyi spi.

In the United Nations, three criteria for the emergence of the territory to the group of naimens are rooted out:

• Per capita GDP per capita does not transfer $ 350. On the рік;

• a section of a densely populated area, read a letter, do not overload 20%;

• the portion of the production of obmknno promyslovosty from GDP is not transferred by 10%. Kraina Africa Azії i Latinskoї America SSMSC nalezhat to groupies kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, іstotno vіdrіznyayutsya mіzh sight for rіvnem ekonomіchnogo rozvitku, pace sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih peretvoren, toil natsіonalnі, kulturnі that relіgіynі osoblivostі against bіlshostі s them harakternі spіlnі abo blizkі Find our - Weakly-developed and economically vistostal.

Pid slaborozvinenіstyu slіd rozumіti ekonomіchnu situatsіyu, characteristic Find our yakoї Je nizky rіven Zhittya in poєdnannі s nayavnіstyu absolute zubozhіnnya, nevisokі Tempi ekonomіchnogo zrostannya, nerozvinenіst sotsіalnoї іnfrastrukturi, nezadovіlna medichna dopomoga, a temple rіven smertnostі i narodzhuvanostі, zalezhnіst od іnozemnogo kapіtalu toscho. Such areas are dovetailed with the social and economic structure, the yak characterize the economy of economy, the great python of traditional, provincial customs, the wide vicarities of promising technologies, the basics on the hand-carved prac- tices.

It is economical to create a territory , it is rooted out, zoumovlana, from one side, sukunnistyu zagalnih, sotsialno-ekonomichnyh, polichnichnyh i іnshih chinnikіv, znіshogo - наявністю in кожній окремо вятій країніїї special reasons.

Нерівномірність розвитку и економічна відсталість спричинені також рівнем технологічного розвитку і ресурсоозброєністю різних країн. For example, for giving Svitovy Bank, in 1995 p. The per capita population in the US was 11,571 kW. Г електроенергії, тоді як в середньомуму в світі - 1,978 kW. G, and in the territories with low incomes, the population is 269 kW. Tom on the national and social sites one of the main sources of optimal rospodil resources. For багаох країн, що розвиваються, досить гострою є the problem of the summoned borg and igor yoga, a kind of nonsense in 1998 р. 2.2 trillion dol. Країни-боржники vitrachayut znachnu a part of its income (zhedіlshogo vіde експорту сировини) на сплату боргів, відволікаючи own services кошти від вирішення багатьох житєво важливих задань. On the other hand, in Kenya, 25% of the income is in the vitrage on the service burgu, then in the fall it falls 6.8%, for health health - 2.7%. In the neighborhoods of Africa (on pivdene vіd Sahari) and in Latin America, the budget portion, the yaka vitrachaetsya on povorennya borgu, reached 60-80%.

Складність ставища найбідніших країн світу is zoomed in thе thе thе, thе wo stinks do not mаyut the internal джерела подлання межі бідності. Low riven nagromadzhnya - the result of wretchedness, zlidennosti populated cich kraїn і one-hourly to bring up zberezhennya such stanovishcha. Vіdstalіst naymensh rozvinenih kraїn poyasnyuєtsya tsіlim complex reasons: visokі Tempi zrostannya population Slabko rozvitok rinkovogo mehanіzmu (perevaga vіddaєtsya torgіvlі) Pevnyi nesformovanіst Gromadyanska suspіlstva, nepismennіst population znachnі vtrati in protsesі zovnіshnoї torgіvlі, vіdstalіst mainly Galuzo virobnitstva, in addition chislі i sіlskogo Gospodarstwa , A part zaynyatih become ninii ponad 80% of the population of the population of the cich kraine, great zavnіshnya zaborgovannost.

Virіshalnogo values ​​in rozv'yazannі problemi i bіdnostі vіdstalostі nabuvaє rozrobka efektivnosti natsіonalnih strategіy rozvitku Economy kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, SSMSC spiral used to vnutrіshnі ekonomіchnі resources for pevnoї fіnansovoї Relief s side rozvinenih kraїn.

Stvorennya suchasnoї Economy i dosyagnennya stіykogo ekonomіchnogo zrostannya guilty not include deprivation іndustrіalіzatsіyu, lіberalіzatsіyu gospodarskogo Zhittya, reformuvannya agrarian vіdnosin and second rozvitok osvіti, wider vprovadzhennya іnnovatsіy, polіpshennya Sistemi receptionists Health Protection, pom'yakshennya sotsіalnoї nerіvnostі, zdіysnennya ratsіonalnoї demografіchnoї polіtiki, virіshennya Problems zanjatostі toscho.

Globalіzatsіya svіtovoї Economy, yak pogliblyuєtsya, stvoryuє, s one side, ob'єktivnі peredumovi for glibshogo vhodzhennya kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, until the system vіdnosin vzaєmozalezhnogo svitu, diversifіkatsії їh virobnicho-іnvestitsіynih torgovelnih zv'yazkіv i and s іnshogo - dodatkovі pereshkodi on the high road Інтеграції цих країн до світового господарства.

Controlling food

1. To name the main problems of global problems. Наведіть їх класифікацію.

2. To whom are the problems of human life expressed globally?

3. At chomu sutnist problems zberezhennja the world і rozbroєnnya?

4. Name of district svyatu, de існує найбільша кількість збройних конфліктів, causes виникнення such conflicts.

5. In the course of which is the nature of the ecologic crisis and the basic forms of viyavu?

6. Do you have a lot of food for food? The name of the main cause, scho її breed.

7. Look at the nature of the day and the causes of the flood-energetic and sirovanic problems.

8. To name the main showmen, to characterize the economy, to add to the edge of the world.

9. What are the hacks of the global problems of everyday life?