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Mіzhnarodne ekonomіchne right - Dahno II

5.2.11. Єvropeysky Union (ЄS) European Union (EU)

Єvropeysky Union Winick on osnovі Єvropeyskogo Spіvtovaristva - Єvropeyskogo ekonomіchnogo spіvtovaristva, Єvropeyskogo ob'єdnannya vugіllya that stalі th Єvropeyskogo spіvtovaristva s atomnoї energії. Friend of i tretє s Names spіvtovaristv boule stvorenі zgіdno s treaties ukladenimi vіdpovіdno in Parizhі (1951 p.) Is the Rimі (1957 p.).

Svoєrіdnoyu konstitutsієyu ЄS at Dumka deyakih fahіvtsіv, vvazhaєtsya dogovіr, zgіdno s Yakim Bulo target Єvropeyske ekonomіchne spіvtovaristvo (as titles Spіlny rinok). Maєtsya on uvazі Rimsky dogovіr 1957 p. In Dogovorі Bulo sformulovano bazovі fun- ekonomіchnogo Union pervіsnoї shіstki kraїn - vіlny ruh tovarіv, people poslug i kapіtalu. Dogovіr mіstit norms spryamovanі on realіzatsіyu zaznachenih printsipіv. Zaboronenі mita on іmport tovarіv i poslug s kraїn-chlenіv, kіlkіsnі obmezhennya that prirіvnyanі them to come in, and takozh okremі Vidi Uriadovy subsiduvannya promislovostі. Okrіm zaboron on Kraina MEMBER pokladayutsya th pevnі zobov'yazannya.

Єdiny єvropeysky act 1987 p. Perche becoming great reforms Єvropeyskogo Spіvtovaristva. Vіn vstanoviv residual date stvorennya Spіlnogo thoracic rinku- 31 1992 p. Bulo nabagato rozshireno kompetentsіyu ЄES, zokrema in sferі regіonalnoї, Naukova-tehnіchnoї that prirodoohoronnoї polіtiki. Pіdvischilas role Єvroparlamentu.

Vazhlivoyu vіhoyu on the high road єvropeyskoї іntegratsії becoming Maastrіhtsky dogovіr. Yogo Bulo way of Dire 1992 7 p. Tsey dogovіr vіdomy yak about dogovіr ЄS. CIM Zgіdno s agreement to the text of the agreement in 1957 Rimskogo p. Bulo made suttєvі zmіni, i kraїni- The members of pereyshli od spіlnogo market analysis to bіlsh visokoї FORMS іntegratsії - ekonomіchnogo i Monetary Union, scho peredbachaє zaprovadzhennya i regulyuvannya єdinoї ЄS currency. In zahіdnіy lіteraturі mozhna zustrіti tverdzhennya scho SAME Maastrіhtsky dogovіr E "konstitutsієyu" ЄS. Dogovіr typing chinnostі 1 leaf fall 1993 p. Prior warehouse ЄS uvіyshli 12 states: NGF Frantsіya, Іtalіya, Belgіya, Nіderlandi, Luxembourg (zasnovniki) Velikobritanіya, Danіya, Іrlandіya, Gretsіya, Portugal, Іspanіya (uvіyshli to warehouse protyagom 1973-1986 pp.).

Yak organіzatsіya ЄS zamіniv at 1993 p. Єvropeyske Spіvtovaristvo. Єvropeysky Union exhausting sobі OAO All іnstitutsії zaznachenogo

Spіvtovaristva have to chislі Єvroparlament. Troma "stovpami" ЄS vvazhayutsya:

• Єvropeyske Ekonomіchne Spіvtovaristvo;

• koordinatsіya zovnіshnoї polіtiki that BEZPEKA in the furrows of the defense krill, yak Got NAME "Zahіdnoєvropeysky Union";

• koordinatsіya dіyalnostі in vnutrіshnіy vessels-polіtseyskіy sferі, zokrema s power іmmіgratsії that nadannya polіtichnogo pritulku.

In 1995 r. to ЄS priєdnalisya Avstrіya, Fіnlyandіya i Shvetsіya, zagalna Quantity yogo Powers chlenіv zrosla to 15. Kіlka kraїn filed a Claim on introd to ЄS. Єvropeysky Union UCLA lands about spіvrobіtnitstvo s kolishnіmi kraїnami sotsіalіstichnogo Tabor. In 1994 r. ЄS that ЄAVT utvorili Duty Free zone vіdomu yak Єvropeysky ekonomіchny regіon (European Economic Area).

Mainly methane ЄS vіdpovіdno to Maastrіhtskogo contract:

• spriyati ekonomіchnomu that sotsіalnomu Progreso, yaky Got Booty zbalansovany i stіyky, Especially Shlyakhov stvorennya expanse without vnutrіshnіh kordonіv, zmіtsnennya processes ekonomіchnogo i sotsіalnogo zblizhennya that zasnuvannya ekonomіchnogo i Monetary Union, in addition chislі zaprovadzhennya єdinoї currency;

• ustalyuvati Vlasnyi status that priznachennya on mіzhnarodnіy arenі, Especially Shlyakhov zdіysnennya zagalnoї zovnіshnoї polіtiki that polіtiki BEZPEKA, vklyuchayuchi mozhlive formulyuvannya spіlnoї oboronnoї polіtiki i polіtiki BEZPEKA, yak in perspektivі spіlnoї given to the defense;

• posilyuvati Zahist rights gromadyan she Interests Powers chlenіv Shlyakhov zaprovadzhennya gromadyanstva ЄS;

• rozvivati ​​spіvrobіtnitstvo in sferі yustitsії that vnutrіshnіh Right;

• zberіgati i in razі require pereglyadati th udoskonalyuvati system zv'yazkіv i vіdnosin scho sklalas in spіvtovaristvі.

Sіchnya 1, 1999. 11 chlenіv powers ЄS (Avstrіya, Belgіya, Іrlandіya, Іspanіya, Іtalіya, Luxembourg, Nіderlandi, Zittau, Portugal, Fіnlyandіya, Frantsіya) zaprovadili for rozrahunkovih operatsіy (bezgotіvkovih platezhіv) єdinu currency - EURO including (h fіksatsієyu її parity). On the cob 2002 p. planuєtsya zaprovaditi i coins for banknotes gotіvkovogo obіgu.

Currency zaznachenih 11 kraїn pripinili kotiruvannya in the currency bіrzhah and takozh vikoristannya for narahuvannya rates protsentіv that іndeksіv stock bіrzh.

Golovna osoblivіst mehanіzmu ЄS polyagaє in fact, scho yogo organic upovnovazhenі s low supply priymati rіshennya, SSMSC toil direct obov'yazkovu force for kraїn-chlenіv. Oznachaє Tse, scho їm peredanі vіdpovіdnі natsіonalnih prerogative of the authorities.

Before kerіvnih organіv ЄS nalezhat takі:

1. Єvropeyska Parliament. On the heads of states i rіvnі uryadіv її zasіdannya vіdbuvayutsya schonaymenshe dvіchі on Year. In її zasіdannyah bere fate takozh head Komіsії Єvropeyskih Spіvtovaristv (tse svoєrіdny Uryadov ЄS). Rada viznachaє the General polіtichnu lіnіyu Єvropeyskogo Spіvtovaristva.

2. Єvropeysky Parliament. Tse predstavnitsky ЄS body. Obiraєtsya directly spіlnim golosuvannyam, beruchi to uwagi vstanovlenu for kozhnoї Kraina member quota. The role of Parliament zrostaє. Vіn Got the prerogative in budget sferі zatverdzhennya ЄS, ratifіkuє mіzhnarodnі contract. Sesії Єvroparlamentu vіdbuvayutsya in Strazburzі (Frantsіya) chi Bryusselі (Belgіya).

3. Rada ЄS. Skladaєtsya s mіnіstrіv zakordonnih ref abo galuzevih mіnіstrіv, if rozglyadayutsya vіdpovіdnі power. Rada upovnovazhena priymati obov'yazkovі to vikonannya rіshennya practical s usіh aspektіv dіyalnostі ЄS. Robochem authority For ЄS Je Komіtet postіynih predstavnikіv Powers chlenіv.

4. єvropeyskih spіvtovaristv front fee. Tse nadnatsіonalny vikonavchy body svoєrіdny Uryadov ЄS. Vikonuє precisely robot spryamovanu on zdіysnennya єdinoї polіtiki ЄS. Kontrolyuє dotrimannya powers i pіdpriєmtsyami rules konkurentnoї povedіnki that standartіv, institutionalized ustanovchimi treaties, acts. Gotuє draft normative dokumentіv. Skladaєtsya of 20 chlenіv (komіsarіv) SSMSC officials mіzhnarodnimi Yea i do not stale od natsіonalnih uryadіv. Front fee in svoїy dіyalnostі spiraєtsya on aparata scho skladaєtsya of 30 upravlіn. Headquartered in roztashovana Bryusselі (Belgіya). Got in front fee predstavnitstva kіlkoh kraїnah svitu.

5. Єvropeysky court. Skladaєtsya of 15 suddіv, SSMSC obirayutsya 6 rokіv. Zabezpechuє uniquely tlumachennya zakonodavstva in furrows viznachenoї yurisdiktsії. Rozglyadaє right behind zvernennyami-chlenіv powers іnstitutіv ЄS, fіzichnih that Yurydychna osіb.

6. The Chamber auditorіv. Skladaєtsya of 12 chlenіv, SSMSC priznachayutsya Radoyu ЄS 6 rokіv. Perevіryaє fіnansovі zvіti s nadhodzhen i vitrat ЄS, zakladіv that organіv, stvorenih him skladaє Reports of that uzagalnyuє result revіzіy pіslya zakіnchennya skin fіnansovogo rock.