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Mіzhnarodne ekonomіchne right - Dahno II

14.2 Meaning that legal regulyuvannya mіzhnarodnogo NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva

Mіzhnarodne NAUKOVO-tehnіchne spіvrobіtnitstvo - one s form mіzhnarodnoї ekonomіchnoї spіvpratsі scho ohoplyuє torgіvlyu lіtsenzіyami, spіlnі naukovі rozrobki, realіzatsіyu great tehnіchnih proektіv, budіvnitstvo of companies that іnshih ob'єktіv, geologorozvіduvalnі robot pіdgotovku natsіonalnih kadrіv, obmіn zagalnoyu NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoyu іnformatsієyu toscho.

Perspektivnі napryamki svіtovogo NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso formuyutsya in protsesі rozvitku іntegratsіynih NAUKOVO-tehnіchnih zv'yazkіv mіzh ekonomіchno rozvinenimi kraїnami. Tsomu, zokrema, spriyaє vstanovlennya directly NAUKOVO-virobnichih zv'yazkіv mіzh fіrmami scho posіdayut provіdnі Georeferencing in rozvitku vіdpovіdnih napryamkіv svіtovogo NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso.

Spіlnі NAUKOVO-tehnіchnі prog realіzuyutsya in furrows mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy that іntegratsіynih ob'єdnan. Osnovnі napryamki Tsikh doslіdzhen - computer science, telekomunіkatsії, Energy, bіo- that Electro-obchislyuvalna robototehnіka, novі materіali that іn.

In furrows dіyalnostі kolishnoї PEB NAUKOVO-tehnіchne spіvrobіtnitstvo rozglyadalos yak warehouses bagatostoronnogo spіvrobіtnitstva. Vono organіzovuvalos komіtetom PEB s NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva i zdіysnyuvalos Shlyakhov systematically vzaєmnih konsultatsіy s main power NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoї polіtiki; Reigning koordinatsії planіv kraїn-chlenіv PEB s Naukova i tehnіchnih problems have become scho vzaєmny іnteres; rozrobki NAUKOVO-tehnіchnih prognozіv 10-15 rokіv; spіlnogo planuvannya that zdіysnennya zaіnteresovanimi proektіv parties have sferі vazhlivih Naukova i tehnіchnih problems; spіvrobіtnitstva in sferі NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoї Informácie that pіdgotovki Naukova kadrіv; zabezpechennya Naukova doslіdzhen Aparatura, materіalami, priladit; nadannya Relief kraїnam PEB, SSMSC perebuvayut on nizhchomu rіvnі schodo tehnіki is the Economy.

The main forms of NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva boule koordinatsіya, cooperation i spіlne vikonannya Naukova rozrobok. W metoyu efektivnosti Venue of spіlnih Naukova i tehnіchnih doslіdzhen stvoryuvalis mіzhnarodnі іnstituti, organіzatsії, koordinatsіynі center, laboratorії.

On the 41 th pozachergovomu zasіdannі sesії REV (1985 p.) Bulo priynyato complex programa NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso kraїn chlenіv PEB-2000 roku "We nіy viznacheno p'yat prіoritetnih napryamkіv spіvrobіtnitstva:. Elektronіzatsіya Gospodarstwa national, integrated automation, atomic Energetics; rozrobka . novih materіalіv i tehnologіy їh virobnitstva that obrobki; bіotehnologіya Programa became the basis for rozrobki uzgodzhenoї, and okremih vipadkah spіlnoї NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoї polіtiki kraїn-chlenіv PEB basic Lanka boule golovnі organіzatsії - Coordinator problems Pong Somalia right ukladati gospodarskі Treaty i contracts.. zdіysnyuvati vzaєmne ne-redannya rezultatіv robіt.

In Suchasnyj svіtі naukovі doslіdzhennya vikonuyut perevazhno organіzatsії that pіdrozdіli, SSMSC zaymayutsya CIM view dіyalnostі profesіyno.

Sukupnіst NAUKOVO doslіdnih-i-doslіdno konstruktorskih organіzatsіy became spetsifіchnoyu galuzzyu Economy, Szo produkuє vіdkrittya, vinahodi that INSHI ob'єkti so zvanoї promislovoї vlasnostі.

Mіzhderzhavne spіvrobіtnitstvo in the Branch of science i tehnіki - such ob'єktivna realnіst itself, yak Promyslova that sіlskogospodarske spіvrobіtnitstvo. Nauka i tehnіka rozvivayutsya pid vplivom chinnikіv mіzhnarodnogo podіlu pratsі.

That fact scho Kraina rіznі svitu take fate in mіzhnarodnomu NAUKOVO-tehnіchnomu spіvrobіtnitstvі, Je proof that yogo ekonomіchnoї polіtichnoї dotsіlnostі.

Prote zaznachimo scho regulyuvannya mіzhnarodnogo NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva unіversalnomu on (global) rіvnі poshirene less then uniquely, in nіzh іnshih areas.

Before mіzhnarodno legal aktіv in sferі mіzhnarodno legal regulyuvannya NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva nalezhat takі:

• Statute Mіzhnarodnogo Union elektrozv'yazku (od 22.12.92).

• Konventsіya Mіzhnarodnogo Union elektrozv'yazku (od 12.22.92).

• Statute of the Agency s Mіzhnarodnogo atomnoї energії (for pitched on 28/12/89).

• Relief from about Konventsіya vipadku yadernoї avarії abo radіatsіynoї avarіynoї situatsії (od 9.26.86).

• Konventsіya about operational Notification from vipadku yadernoї avarії (od 9.26.86).

Otzhe, mіzhnarodno legal zabezpechennya spіvrobіtnitstva powers svitu sferі in science i tehnіki potrebuє opratsyuvannya away.

In 1963 r. in Zhenevі vіdbulas Persha konferentsіya UN s power zastosuvannya dosyagnen science i tehnіki in іnteresah kraїn scho rozvivayutsya. Another UN konferentsіya s power rozvitku science i tehnіki vіdbulas in Vіdnі in 1973 p. On nіy Bulo schodo skhvaleno Programs Act reasonably vikoristannya dosyagnen science i tehnіki for ekonomіchnogo rozvitku kraїn svitu (Especially quiet scho rozvivayutsya).

Spirayuchis on rekomendatsії zaznachenoї konferentsії, 34-ta sesіya Generalnoї UN Asambleї grudnі 1979 at p. zasnuvala Mіzhuryadovy komіtet s rozvitku science i tehnіki. Main yogo funktsіyami Je takі:

• Relief nadannya Generalnіy Asambleї in rozrobtsі prescriptive printsipіv for pogodzhennya polіtiki organіv, organіzatsіy i pіdrozdіlіv UN s power NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoї dіyalnostі;

• viyavlennya pershochergovih zavdan for operational planuvannya rozvitku science i tehnіki on natsіonalnomu, subregіonalno th, regіonalnomu, mіzhregіonalnomu that global rіvnyah;

• uprovadzhennya zahodіv, pov'yazanih іz viyavlennyam that otsіnyuvannyam novih NAUKOVO-tehnіchnih dosyagnen, SSMSC mozhut positive vplinuti on NAUKOVO-tehnіchny potentsіal kraїn scho rozvivayutsya;

• spriyannya optimal zaluchennyu resursіv i zdіysnennya kerіvnitstva system fіnansuvannya science i tehnіki UN.

Dopomіzhnim body zaznachenogo Mіzhuryadovogo komіtetu Je Advisory komіtet s power rozvitku science i tehnіki, yaky Bulo lipnі target at 1980 p. Ekonomіchnoyu i sotsіalnoyu radoyu UN. Tsey komіtet, yak yogo s seen titles, nadaє konsultativnі Hotel Mіzhuryadovomu komіtetu, Generalnіy Asambleї, EKOSOR that іnshim mіzhuryadovim organіzatsіyam.

In furrows Sekretarіatu UN General Asambleєyu Bulo target Center s power rozvitku science i tehnіki.

Meals rozv'yazannya problems NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso zaymayutsya takozh regіonalnі mіzhnarodnі organіzatsії scho toil status spetsіalіzovanih agentsіy UN. Provіdnu role Sered them vіdіgraє Organіzatsіya ob'єdnanih natsіy s power osvіti, science i Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Before neї incoming Ponad 160 chlenіv powers. The basic її meta - spriyati world that have bezpetsі svіtі Shlyakhov nadannya Relief kraїnam in mіzhnarodnomu spіvrobіtnitstvі in sferі osvіti, science, culture, Informácie.

Zgіdno s іsnuyuchoyu klasifіkatsієyu Organіzatsіya ob'єdnanih natsіy s power osvіti, i science culture nalezhit to spetsіalіzovanih zakladіv UN cultural gumanіtarnogo nature. W looking around at tse in temі about 5 neї vіdsutnya okrema dovіdka. Dіyalnіst tsієї organіzatsії widely vіdoma and іnformatsіyu about neї mozhna know in bagatoh Jerel.

Vazhlivu role in svіtovomu rozvitku science i tehnіki vіdіgraє Vsesvіtnya organіzatsіya іntelektualnoї vlasnostі (VOІV) (World Intellectual Property Organization - WIPO ). Vaughn, yak i schoyno rozglyaduvana, Je asotsіyovanoyu UN agentsієyu cultural gumanіtarnogo nature. Dіyalnіst її duzhe blizka to spherical іnteresіv mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo law. Tse zokrema, zaznachaєtsya i in Ugodі TRІPS (Div. 7 theme).

Okremі bagatostoronnі Treaty, Hoca th torkayutsya Galuzo mіzhnarodnogo publіchnogo rights ale stosuyutsya bіlshoyu mіroyu power rozvitku science i tehnіki in kontekstі mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo law. Butt Je Dogovіr all about the principles dіyalnostі powers doslіdzhennya s i vikoristannya kosmіchnogo expanse, vklyuchayuchi Mіsyats that INSHI nebesnі tіla (1966 p.). Tsey dogovіr zaboronyaє powers privlasnyuvati space, ale yogo not zaboronyaє privlasnyuvati resources. Progolosheno freedom Naukova doslіdzhen kosmіchnogo expanse. In Dogovorі mіstyatsya th INSHI printsipovі provisions SSMSC's not rozglyadatimutsya.

Cosmos stosuyutsya takі documents:

• lands about vryatuvannya kosmonavtіv, Povernennya kosmonavtіv ob'єktіv i, launched in space (1967 p.);

• Konventsіya about mіzhnarodnu vіdpovіdalnіst for Skoda, zapodіyanu kosmіchnimi ob'єktami (1971 p.);

• Konventsіya about reєstratsіyu ob'єktіv, SSMSC zapuskayutsya in kosmіchny Prostir (1974 p.).

LEGAL FRAMEWORK mіzhnarodnogo spіvrobіtnitstva sferі in science i have tehnіki Svіtovomu okeanі Je Konventsіya UN morskogo s rights (1982 p.). Vaughn, zokrema, regulyuє power moreplavstva, polotіv over oceans seas i, i rozvіdki ekspluatatsії resursіv, receptionists dovkіllya, ribalstva toscho.

Zvernemo uwagi on aspect, yaky slit on the wish not visvіtlyuєtsya our zakonodavtsem - uzgodzhennya NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoї dіyalnostі s Antimonopoly zakonodavstvom.

In 19 thoracic Bryusselі 1984 p. Bulo priynyato Rule Komіsії Єvropeyskogo Spіvtovaristva about zastosuvannya stattі 85/3 Rimskogo contract to the category of lands h NAUKOVO-doslіdnitskoї that doslіdno konstruktorskoї-robots (NDDKR) (research and development - R & D doslіdzhennya that rozvitok) [19, 158-163].

Tse little poperednika Rule. Rada Єvropeyskogo thoracic Spіvtovaristva 20 1971 p. priynyala Regulation № 2821/71, vіdpovіdno to yakogo zakonodavstvo Spіlnogo competitive market analysis is not poshiryuvalos on takі Kontrakty mіzh pіdpriєmstvami:

• schodo zastosuvannya standartіv i tipіv;

• schodo zdіysnennya NDDKR, pov'yazanih s power produktіv, tehnologіchnih protsesіv to stadії Promyslova zastosuvannya that vikoristannya rezultatіv, vklyuchayuchi the provisions about the right to Promyslova vlasnіst (Saying to prostіshe, patentіv) i konfіdentsіynu tehnіchnu іnformatsіyu;

• schodo spetsіalіzatsії have to cater to about chislі її dosyagnennya.

In 1971 Pravilі p. іshlosya about those scho whether SSMSC lands s NDDKR Je Laws s point Zora competitive zakonodavstva. After 13 rokіv єvropeysky zakonodavets zmusheny CCB zadumatsya.

In Art. 1 Regulations 1971 p. zafіksovano scho competitive zakonodavstvo not poshiryuєtsya on grounds mіzh pіdpriєmstvami schodo okremih power:

• about spіlnі NDDKR, pov'yazanі іz products abo tehnologіchnimi processes i suspіlnim vikoristannyam rezultatіv Tsikh NDDKR;

• about spіlne vikoristannya rezultatіv NDDKR, pov'yazanih s products that processes, SSMSC stosuyutsya ranіshe ukladenih lands mіzh tsimi Well pіdpriєmstvami;

• about spіlnі NDDKR, pov'yazanі s products that tehnologіchnimi processes for vinyatkom spіlnogo vikoristannya vіdpovіdnih rezultatіv, Yakscho pid Takeo vikoristannya pіdpadaє dіyu competitive zakonodavstva.

Spіlne vikoristannya Mauger stosuvatis polіpshen, obsession in furrows spіlnih NDDKR, ale z zastosovanih metoyu, scho not Je natural naslіdkom sama Tsikh NDDKR. Tacke vikoristannya Mauger zdіysnyuvatis Shlyakhov lіtsenzuvannya rights Promyslova vlasnіst, organіzatsії spіlnogo virobnitstva that spetsіalіzatsії.

Zaznachenі please do not oderzhuyut іndulgentsіyu on antitrust zakonodavstva torn down. Absent takoї іndulgentsії i todі, if lands mіzh pіdpriєmstvami about the failure to NDDKR at the Branch pevnіy pogіrshuyut їh competitive encampment stosovno tretіh osіb.

Spіlnі NDDKR mozhut vikonuvatis spіlnoyu teams, chi organіzatsієyu pіdpriєmstvom, spіlnim doruchennyam tretіy osobі, Shlyakhov spetsіalіzatsії storіn.

Rule number 418/85 [3, 4] ryasnіє "Red praportsyami" tobto formulyuvannyami minds for yakih nadaєtsya іndulgentsіya about indepen-stosuvannya competitive zakonodavstva. Zafіksovano, SSMSC sama minds dogovorіv not vvazhayutsya such scho superechat antitrust zakonodavstvu. In spetsіalnіy stattі Rules perelіcheno dogovorіv minds, scho Yea nepriynyatnimi s point Zora competitive zakonodavstva.