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Іnvestitsіyne kredituvannya - Peresada AA

8.3. Іnvestitsіyne kredituvannya in Ukraїnі Mіzhnarodnim Bank rekonstruktsії that rozvitku

Mіzhnarodny Bank rekonstruktsії that rozvitku, yaky chastіshe nazivayut Svіtovim bank zasnovano chervnі 1944 at p. on monetary and fіnansovіy konferentsії, scho pid vіdbulasya egіdoyu UN in Bretton Vudsі and rozpochav vіn his dіyalnіst chervnya 1946 25 p.

Zavdannya Svіtovogo bank polyagaє in spriyannі ekonomіchnomu zrostannyu kraїn scho rozvivayutsya. Relief spryamovuєtsya on budіvnitstvo shlyahіv spoluchennya, elektrostantsіy, shkіl, zroshuvalnih systems rozvitok sіlskogo Gospodarstwa, perekvalіfіkatsіyu vchitelіv, warm polіpshennya harchuvannya dіtey that vagіtnih zhіnok. Deyakі poziki Svіtovogo bank ydut on fіnansuvannya vitrat, pov'yazanih Zi structural perebudovoyu, spryamovanoyu on zmіtsnennya stabіlnostі, pіdvischennya efektivnostі Economy that її rinkovu orієntatsіyu. Svіtovy Bank funktsіonuє pid control admіnіstrativnim For keruyuchih. Before groupies Svіtovogo bank go p'yat mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy:

• Mіzhnarodny Bank rekonstruktsії that rozvitku (IBRD);
• Mіzhnarodna asotsіatsіya rozvitku (IDA);
• Mіzhnarodna fіnansova Corporation (IFC);
• Bagatostoronnє Agency garantіyah іnvestitsіy (BAGІ);
• Mіzhnarodny center uregulyuvannya іnvestitsіynih konflіktіv (MTSUІK).

Dіyalnіst Svіtovogo bank zoseredzhena on dvoh areas: makroekonomіchna stabіlіzatsіya that іnstitutsіynі zmіni. Aktivnіshe vіn dіє in іnstitutsіynіy sferі: nadaє Relief in zdіysnennі privatizatsії, zmіnі forms vlasnostі, vprovadzhennі Antimonopoly zahodіv, rozvitku torgіvlі, propaguvannі reforms.

Vіdsotkova rate for pozikami Svіtovogo bank for kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, zmіnyuєtsya kozhnі shіst becoming blizko i months at 6%. Zgіdno іz zagalnimi rules poziki toil 5 rіchny termіn vіdstrochennya platezhіv i splachuyutsya protyagom 15-20 rokіv. Deyakі poziki Bank nadaє іz vneskіv, SSMSC nadіyshli od kraїn - chlenіv organіzatsії. Prote bіlshіst penny nadhodzhen otrimana for rakhunok bonіv, Prodan on svіtovih fіnansovih Rink.

Mіzhnarodna asotsіatsіya rozvitku zasnovana in 1960 p. i nalіchuє 160 kraїn-uchasnits. Tsya organіzatsіya groupies Svіtovogo bank vidaє bezvіdsotkovі poziki naybіdnіshim kraїnam svitu. Otrimati їh mozhut deprivation Ti Kraina, de rіchny dohіd per capita does not perevischuє 925 dollars. USA. Poziki IDA toil 10 rіchny pіlgovy perіod i pіdlyagayut vіdshkoduvannyu vprodovzh 35-40 rokіv (fallow od platospromozhnostі Kraina-pozichalnika). Costa organіzatsії formuyutsya for rakhunok vneskіv ekonomіchno rozvinutih kraїn.
Mіzhnarodna fіnansova zasnovana Corporation in 1956 p., 173 nalіchuє Kraina-uchasnitsі. IFC - naybіlshe dzherelo direct fіnansuvannya proektіv private sector kraїnah scho rozvivayutsya. Corporation fіnansuє projects SSMSC not mozhut on priynyatnih minds will win suttєvoї pіdtrimki s іnshih Jerel. IFC fіnansuє not bіlshe 25% od zagalnoї sumi vitrat the project. Nezvazhayuchi to those scho Mauger IFC will buy up to 35% aktsіonernogo kapіtalu kompanії, Won nіkoli not staє naybіlshim trimachem aktsіy i have not bere uchastі menedzhmentі fіrmi.

On vіdmіnu od Svіtovogo bank Mіzhnarodna fіnansova Corporation nadaє poziki without Uriadovy garantіy and all fіnansovy rizik Won vіdnosit on rakhunok proektіv Zi svoїmi partners.

Bagatostoronnє agency garantії іnvestitsіy zasnovano s metoyu spriyannya kraїnam scho rozvivayutsya have zaluchennі іnozemnih іnvestitsіy. Ninі organіzatsіya nalіchuє 145 kraїn-chlenіv. BAGІ zabezpechuє garantії іnvestitsіy, zahischayuchi іnvestorіv od such nekomertsіynih rizikіv, abo Yak vіyna natsіonalіzatsіya. Organіzatsіya nadaє konsultativnі Hotel on rіvnі Uryadov, dopomagaє Know Roads Ahead zaluchennya Private іnvestitsіy.

Mіzhnarodny center uregulyuvannya іnvestitsіynih konflіktіv zasnovano at 1966 p. for spriyannya priplivu mіzhnarodnih іnvestitsіy Shlyakhov stvorennya minds for reconciliation th uregulyuvannya sporіv mіzh Uryadov she іnozemnimi іnvestorami. Members MTSUІK Je blizko 130 kraїn.

For obsyagom kreditіv, nadanih Svіtovim Bank, Ukraine posіdaє ostannє Location. Vprodovzh ostannіh rokіv Radoyu direktorіv Svіtovogo Bank for Ukraine Bulo zatverdzheno proektіv on zagalnu scrip pozik bіlshe 2.2 billion dollars.

Poziki Svіtovogo bank Je dosit privablivim Jerel zovnіshnogo fіnansuvannya yak defіtsitu sovereign budget, so i reformuvannya Economy of Ukraine. Fіnansovі minds on yakih Svіtovy Bank nadaє poziki Ukraїnі, Je bіlsh vigіdnimi, nіzh bіlshіst іnshih zovnіshnіh Jerel pozichannya available to Ukraine in Danian hour. For klasifіkatsієyu Svіtovogo bank UKRAINE nalezhit to tretoї the category kraїn (serednіy rіven income). For such kraїn termіn repayment kreditіv becoming rokіv 17 (a ostannіm hour vіn zrostaє 20 rokіv) s pіlgovim perіodom 5 rokіv, yakih pid hour splachuyutsya vіdsotki deprivation. Bet vіdsotkіv Mauger Buti fіksovanoyu abo plavayuchoyu, priv'yazanoyu to LІBOR rates. Vіdsotki on pozikah Svіtovogo bank zaluchenih With Ukraine to tsogo hour, splachuyutsya for plavayuchoyu rates. Vrahovuyuchi zagalnu margin Svіtovogo bank vіdsotkіv rate for Ukraine becoming blizko 6.5% rіchnih.

Zaluchennya pozik Svіtovogo jar on realіzatsіyu systemic she іnvestitsіynih proektіv regulyuyut takі zakonodavchі that normativnі Acti:

• The Law of Ukraine "About introd Ukraine to Mіzhnarodnogo Monetary Fund, the Bank Mіzhnarodnogo rekonstruktsії that rozvitku, Mіzhnarodnoї fіnansovoї korporatsії, Mіzhnarodnoї asotsіatsії rozvitku that Bagatostoronnogo Agency garantіyah іnvestitsіy" od 3 chervnya 1992 p .;
• Law of Ukraine "About Ukraine mіzhnarodnі Treaty" od 22 thoracic 1993 p .;
• Holds Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Ukraine "About vporyadkuvannya zaluchennya i vikoristannya іnozemnih kreditіv, Povernennya yakih garantuєtsya Kabіnetom Mіnіstrіv Ukraine, vdoskonalennya Sistemi zaluchennya zovnіshnіh fіnansovih resursіv that obslugovuvannya zovnіshnogo sovereign Borg" od 5 Travnia 1997 p .;
• The Law of Ukraine "About ratifіkatsіyu lands about poziku (Project energozberezhennya in admіnіstrativnih i Gromadska budіvlyah Mista of Kyiv) mіzh With Ukraine is the IBRD" od 6 Lipnya 2000 r .;
• The Law of Ukraine "About ratifіkatsіyu Kreditnoї land (credit for zakupіvlyu Fuel type for the winter 2000/2001 perіod) mіzh With Ukraine that ЄBRR" od 2000 r 7 thoracic .;
• Holds Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "About realіzatsіyu lands mіzh With Ukraine i IBRD about nadannya poziki on restrukturizatsіyu vugіlnoї the Branch" od Bereznev 23, 1999., INSHI zakonodavchі acti.

Pochinayuchi z 1994 r. in Ukraїnі realіzuєtsya 12 proektіv, scho for rakhunok fіnansuyutsya pozik Svіtovogo bank and the Same:

• Reabіlіtatsіyna pozika (500 million USD.);
• Іnstitutsіyna pozika (27 million USD.);
• Project reabіlіtatsії gіdroenergetiki that control in sistemі (114 million USD.);
• The project s rozvitku nasіnnitstva (32 million USD.);
• Experiental vugіlnіy project in the Branch (15.8 million USD.);
• Project rozvitku of companies (310 million USD.);
• strukturnoї project perebudovi vugіlnoї the Branch (300 million USD.);
• strukturnoї project perebudovi sіlskogo Gospodarstwa (300 million USD.);
• Project rozvitku eksportu (60 million USD.);
• Project rozvitku Rinku elektroenergії (317 million USD.);
• Project pіdtrimki sotsіalnogo Zahist (2.6 million USD.);
• "Morsky Start" project (100 million dollars. USA).

Krіm of trivaє pіdgotovka 4 system is the 18 іnvestitsіynih proektіv.

Zmіst systemic proektіv polyagaє zmіnі have minds that rules dіyalnostі Pevnyi sektorіv sovereign upravlіnnya abo Galuzo Economy. For system projects minds vprovadzhennya proektіv that nadannya pozik reglamentuєtsya zdіysnennya Pevnyi perelіku polіtichnih zahodіv, Sereda yakih shaping can Buti: Pevnyi zakonodavchih of acceptance that normative aktіv schodo regulyuvannya tієї chi іnshoї the Branch, stvorennya novih SET sovereign upravlіnnya toscho. Costa pozik for tsimi projects povnіstyu nadhodyat to sovereign budget i vіdpovіdno pogashayutsya viklyuchno for yogo rakhunok.

Metoyu іnvestitsіynih proektіv Je tehnіchna rekonstruktsіya okremih іsnuyuchih of companies pevnoї the Branch regіonu abo, abo stvorennya novih of companies nadannya koshtіv on popovnennya werewolf koshtіv of companies. When tsomu chіtko viznachaєtsya perelіk tovarіv, poslug i robіt, SSMSC zakupovuvatimutsya for rakhunok poziki Svіtovogo bank. Costa pozik on іnvestitsіynі projection vikoristovuyutsya okremimi pіdpriєmstvami abo Set-benefіtsіarami.

When vprovadzhennі іnvestitsіynih proektіv Credit lands pіdpisuєtsya mіzh With Ukraine is the IBRD. Mіnіsterstvo fіnansіv viznachaєtsya predstavnikom pozichalnika. Takozh Credit lands vstanovlyuєtsya, SSMSC Chastain poziki will peredanі vіdpovіdnim subpozichalnikam and takozh viznachayutsya the category vitrat, SSMSC shaping can Buti zdіysnenі within the project. The following Kroc Je pіdgotovka that pіdpisannya subkreditnih lands mіzh Mіnіsterstvom fіnansіv that subpozichalnikami-benefіtsіarami. Subkreditnimi lands viznachaєtsya, yak scrip Mіnіsterstvo fіnansіv rekredituє to chi іnshomu subpozichalniku and takozh vstanovlyuyutsya minds that termіni repayment zobov'yazan on obslugovuvannyu tsogo Borg before Reigning budget. Pіslya tsogo Svіtovomu bank nadsilayutsya zrazki pіdpisіv kerіvnikіv of companies-subpozichalnikіv, SSMSC matimut right pіdpisuvati fіnansovі documents on svoїh Chastain poziki. Tsі zrazki pіdpisіv zasvіdchuyutsya pіdpisom Mіnіsterstva fіnansіv. Krіm order to realіzatsії іnvestitsіynih proektіv peredbachaєtsya vіdkrittya pozichalnikom spetsіalnogo rahunku in one s pershoklasnih bankіv. Through spetsіalny rakhunok zdіysnyuєtsya payment drіbnih vitrat, pov'yazanih іz vprovadzhennyam project. For this vіdkrittya rahunku Mіnfіn obiraє bank scho vіdpovіdaє kriterіyam Svіtovogo bank. Oderzhuє іndivіdualnu NBU lіtsenzіyu on vіdkrittya that vikoristannya rahunku in zakordonnomu bank that vіdkrivaє spetsіalny rakhunok. Yakscho subpozichalnikіv bіlshe one to the spetsіalnomu rahunku vіdkrivaєtsya vіdpovіdna Quantity subrahunkіv. By dermal subrahunku bank Where Money Does vіdkrito spetsіalny rakhunok, nadayutsya zrazki pіdpisіv vіdpovіdnogo pozichalnika.

Realіzatsіya proektіv vіdbuvaєtsya such rank: skin benefіtsіar hold a tender on procurement viznachenimi kategorіyami project. Svіtovy Bank at tsomu perevіryaє tender procedure, and takozh skhvalyuє yogo results. Potіm ukladaєtsya contract mіzh postachalnikom i benefіtsіarom, yaky takozh pogodzhuєtsya Zi Svіtovim bank. In kontraktі viznachayutsya minds that termіni payment, i s zgіdno them benefіtsіar napravlyaє to Svіtovogo bank application znyattya koshtіv. On pіdstavі application Svіtovy Bank pererahovuє Costa on rakhunok vіdpovіdnogo pozichalnika for the contract. Cutaneous benefіtsіar zobov'yazany nadavati Svіtovomu result of the bank mіzhnarodnoї auditorskoї perevіrki vikoristannya koshtіv poziki for cutaneous Year, if vіdbuvalosya vprovadzhennya project.
Mіnіsterstvo fіnansіv zdіysnyuє Povny that regular monitoring of vikoristannyam koshtіv pozik on іnvestitsіynі projection yak s rahunku in Svіtovomu bank, so i Zi spetsіalnogo rahunku. For tsogo cutaneous benefіtsіar zobov'yazany schomіsyatsya not pіznіshe 10 numbers nadavati Mіnfіnu Povny zvіt about vikoristannya koshtіv poziki for mіsyats passed, served kopії vsіh Pervin dokumentіv.