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Інвестиційне кредитування - Пересада А.А.
9.4. Management of credit risks
The management of a credit risk with an investment loan can be presented in a vigilant model, as shown in Fig. 9.2.
Otsinka of credit risk. Credit risk is the function of the parameters of the posi- tion of that poscha. Оцінка credit proposals, represented by a potential pozichalnikom, і оцінкою різних видів mozlivogo ризику, які виникають під hour наданя бажаного кредиту для банку, що кредитує. Taka otsynka guilty of provaditsya for p'yayatma criterias:
- Reputatsiya - bazhannya poschaalnika zabezpechiti svoї zobov'yаnya. Process otsinki moe prebachati perevirku credit management poschalnika tochno;
- Mozvolostі pozhal'nika on ostrezhannya koshtiv for all its own operations for a specific investment project, and the building of yoga to manage its own koshtami;
- Kapital - otsnika basi kapitalu poschalnika ta yogo readiness vikoristivuvati vladsny kapital u proekti, for a loan application. Poschalnik povinen bouti prepare rozdiliti risik project from the bank, scho yogo lentuyu, nadauchi for fіnnsuvannya znachnu partnogo sotsogo kapsitalu, tobto pozhalnik povinen perejnati na svobnyi zobov'yanya;
- Ukovi - otsinka flow is the prognosis for the development of the real estate, the reorganization of the economy, and the tacos of the state of the state, the operative is the poshchalnik. The economic development of the economy and the forecast for the frequent state delays often require the presence of critical positives in the quiet phases of the dilemma;
Fig. 9.2. The model of risk management under the credit risk
- Outpost - the credit to the credit for the form of guarantee is guaranteed. The bank is not guilty of nadavati lending loans to outposts abso lishe pіd guaranty, потрібне подвійне покриття.
Оцінка фінансової інформації. On the basis of the alternate analysis, the praecivnyk bank receives a complaint about the sale of applications for a loan, for which he is guilty of financing a financial information of a poshchalnik:
- Річну, піврічну або або квальну фінансову звітність підприємства;
- In the form of a loan, yogo sumi that lines - in detail the structure of stocks, rozshifruvannya debіtorskoi ta lenderskoy zaborgovanosti;
- The vipadku of the great pre-capital loan - a business plan, it is shown, how to get in touch with the financial budgeting station and especially in the pennies.
Захист від втрат у разі невиконання зобов'язань. For zahistu vid nedobdbacheniyah vtrat for lending operations bank vimutsheni vimagati vid poschavilіv zabezpechennya credit. Zabezpechennya is a material asset, for a bank, the right to make one, and so potency is second-rate to the loan. Yaksho crediting zabezpechene, prazivnik bank zobov'azaniy so konstrukvati loan, yoob yogo value dorivnyuvala octektivniy likvidatsiny vartosty zabezpechennya. Zauvazhimo, scho zabezpechennya outpost is not guaranteed repayment of the loan, the bank is guilty of refusing to settle the damage to the loan, and the post-budget zdіysnjuvati yogo pereknu rezincinka. It is important that you do not care about money, you do not have to pay a loan, you have to pay a pokrivati not less than a risk that a loan can not be taken for money, but you can pay taxes in the world of credit.
Otzhe, the bank neobhidno vyznachiti, yakі activi є priinyatnymi for the compulsion and yak enumerate in time the loan. For цього слід проаналізувати такі характеристики закладених активів:
- Відносну легкість оцінки застави до прийняття рішення about the type of the loan and the extension of the усього line to the loan (the vartіst zastavsya pereodіchnoї perevіrki, tіm tchob zabezpechiti adequately pokritya credit);
- Mozhlivist rozmischennya forced to the market;
- Ліквідність нo the ability of a shvidkogo translated into a book;
- Підконтрольність - is more precisely viznachennya the creditor of the fact-finding behind the curtailment of the right to voluntariness;
- Stepin fizichnogo ta moroi starinnya (aviak activi vtrachayut its kopatkovu varttist shvidshe, nizh іnshі, hocha line їх podatnostі na vіdmіnu vіd string їх старіння mozhut bouti znachnimi).
Zvazhayuchi on all the tuments, the bank, as well as nadati loan, is guilty:
A) pereviriti activist, yakі proponujutsja poschalnikom at viglyadі заставі, on наявність цесій, the rights відводу та інших позивів;
B) regret the promotion of rights to the outpost in the judicial bodies;
C) postyno ponovlyuvati record that periodichno (bazhano raptovo) pereviryat miсceznachodzhennya ta ststan zastav.
Such a rank, the outpost of the yak taka is not vliplatime to the rhizik, there is no guarantee that the creditors can turn their chances to turn kostyanov for his financial wagamas in the vypadka of the unprecedented burg.
Analis is an anchor credit. The system is rated credit for criterion as an important factor in the systemic assessment of the credit risk, which is due to non-repayment of loans to the bank. Використання системи rating допомагає визначити дохідність credit у зв'язку із ризиком, що виникає при цьому.
Banks are more willing to deposit their credit ratings for loans, they are based on the basis for them, the yak is imposed in the Provision of the National Bank of Ukraine "About the procedure for formulating such a vicarious reserve for vidstokduvannya mozlivikh vtat for lending operations" dated 6 lipinya 2000 p. No. 279.
I will look at the tse, the banks are responsible for appropriating the leather credit for the current number of ta / abo letters in the yoga anchor.
Additional:
A) the rating of an anchor credit can be stored in a number of rooms, yak klassifikuyu credit in the inter-alia from 0 to 6 (divorse table 9.5);
C) the rating of the loan for the system baliov otsinyue credit for gratitude, postvoyu, fіnansovim pitanka stannoya, line that scheme, repayment, credit information, tsіnoyu іn. (Divergent table 9.6);
D) the rating of the credit for the analogy of the financial terms of the classification of loans for the first class from I to VI (Table 9.7).
Table 9.5
RATING ANY CREDIT FOR A NUMBER SYSTEM
Rating |
Класифікація |
Stan abo |
0 |
Класифікації не підлягає |
Credit is known in the process of revaluation |
1 |
"Prime" |
Poschayalnik moe nayvushchy credit rating |
2 |
Hang Out |
Poschalnik moe good fіnansovy stan і creditu reputatsiyu |
3 |
Zadovnny |
Poschalnik moe priinyatny fіnnansovyi stan і creditu reputatsiyu |
4 |
Boundary |
Slacky pozhalnik: lack of outpost, credit great overlooked by a captain of a poshchalka |
5 |
Border |
Poverennenya borgu sumnivne, situatsіya nuzhnaet spetsialnoї roboti zapashennya borgu |
6th |
Inhalation |
Obslugovuvannya borgu not zdіysnjєєtsya, paymentі not ochіkuytsya |
Table 9.6
RATING ANY CREDIT FOR THE BALL SYSTEM
Yakist loan |
Bali |
Commitment and amount to credit1. Appreciation is admissible, suma ponnistyu is justified 2. Appreciated sumnivne, suma priynyatna 3. Acknowledged, suma is problematic |
20 15 8 |
The applicant's financial institution for a loan1. Strong pochchni ta minii fіnnansovyi stan, strong ta stalibilny pripliv koshtiv 2. A good financial stance, a strong penny-pot 3. Priinyatny fіnansovyi stan, nestіyy groshovy potіik 4. Low-level surplus in Maybutny, a weak penny-pot 5. The crisis of the financial center |
40 thirty 20 10 4 |
Закінчення table. 9.6
Yakist loan | Bali |
Outpost1. Outposts not potrybna abo nadaetsya great penny grooming 2. Znachna lіkvіdna outpost 3. Dostatnia zastava admissibility of the literature 4. Достатня застава обмеженої ліквідності 5. Lack of fasting inadequate anchors 6. There is no pretense |
thirty 25 20 15 8 2 |
The line is that circuit1. Short-stitched, self-contained, well-seconded dzherelo 2. Serednostrokovy, extinguished partially, mіtsny groshovy potik 3. Serednostrokovy, with payments to one payment, dovgostrokovyi із середнім pennant stream 4. Dovgostrokovy, extinguished by parts, nevopevnist in the descendants 5. Довгостроковий, призначення під сумнівом |
thirty 25 20 12 5 |
Credit information about the positioner1. Wonders of the past in the past 2. Garni credit receipts from above dailies 3. Обмежені відгуки, немає негативної інформації 4. Unsatisfied 5. Negative Responses |
25 20 15 9 0 |
Взаємовідносини з почальником1. Ignore the post-wiggings 2. Ignore the middle of the world 3. The Bank does not intend to pay for the entries with the depositor |
10 4 2 |
Price of loan1. Vishche zvichaynoї for such an anchor credit 2. Creditworthiness 3. Lower cost for such an anchor credit |
8 5 0 |
Rating of the loan on the basis of the minimum amount of credits1. The Naucrash 2. HIGH QUALITY ANALYSIS 3. Zadovnny 4. Boundary 5. Border boundary value |
163-140 139-118 117-85 84-65. Less than 64 |
Table 9.7
RATING ANY LIQUID FOR CREDIT FOR ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL COEFFICIENTS
Sumy і кефіцієнт |
Class I |
Клас ІІ |
Клас ІІІ |
Class ІV |
Class V |
Class VI |
Коефіцієнт поточної ліквідності |
2.00 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
1.25 |
Довгострокова заборгованість: капіталізація |
0.25 |
0.33 |
0.35 |
0.45 |
0.50 |
0.60 |
Довгострокова заборгованість: акціонерний капітал |
0.66 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.25 |
1.75 |
2.00 |
Before the incident, pokrtitya vіsotkіv |
7.00 |
5.00 |
5.00 |
4.00 |
3.00 |
2.00 |
Грошовий потік: довгострокова заборгованість |
0.75 |
0.30 |
0.25 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0,15 |
Довгострокова заборгованість: net main activity |
0.50 |
0.70 |
0.80 |
1.00 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
Net-turnaround capital:: довгострокова заборгованість |
1.00 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.75 |
0.50 |
0.40 |
Otzhe, nezvazhayuchi on those, a high rating for a loan for the sake of a bank, vizh zhizhdi moe basevatisya vrahuvannyi low factors: meti credit, rozmіru that zagalnogo osyaga mozlivikh vtrat z vinie poschal'nika, fіnansovogo stanu ta minіlikh credit posloval'ka.
System of care for loans. Pislya nadannya credit to banks neobhidno viststezhuvaty fіnansovyi stan poschal'nika tak vіkonannya vіnyh umov kredytnogo podvoru, shchob vyayavіti posychal'nika z pozhashennyam loan on early stadіyah. Tse secure the bank to the maximum efficiency of the crooks of the dyed shodo zabibnyannya t zmenshennya zbitkiv.
Sposerezhennia for credit cards is especially important for the repayment, if stubs stitched with stitches, if the loan is misappropriated, the minimum amount of money should be equal to the amount of financial advisers.
In the process of a contingency bank of zobov'azaniy analizovati fіnansovyi stan ta tendentsії rozvitku klієnta, yogo minilі ta majbutný mozhilostі shodo obeslugovuvannya borgu, and takozh dohіdnist yogo operatsiy. Inadvertently, in addition, chi first signs of problematic credit - fіnansovimi abo not fіnansovіmі after the character, їх trebno proanalіzuvati. З погіршенням will become a loan bank is guilty of vyaviti stepyn foldability problems, sho vinikli, that vzhiti vidpііdnih zahodіv:
- Proanalizuvati problems poschalnika;
- To consult with officials on loans, to borrow from problem loans;
- To pay a loan to the lower class and to add loans to the bank;
- Зібрати інформацію про мовірність виникнення інших видів ризику в роботі з цим клієнтом;
- Schodenno perevriyat rahunki klієnta;
- To reconsider all credit documentation, guarantees, promissory notes, bereavement, mortgage;
- Vivchiti mozlovistі schodo dodatkovogo zabezpechennya;
- Rozrobiti plan koriguyuchih dii.
Vivchivshy situatsiyu, the bank go to the bottom of the strategist "poryatunku" loan . Zrozumilo, scho every problem loan є unikalnym, vidtak bank maє індивідуально підходити до skinage specific vipadku. Prote, be-yaka strategika, our look, is guilty of perebachi:
- Разробку програми зміни стротури заборгованості;
- Oderzhdenya dodatkovoy documentary that guarantee;
- Відрахування додаткового забезпечення;
- Contribution of additional dowries;
- Sales of storage;
- Zvernennya to guaranties;
- Organisatsiyu spilnogo comradeship and contribution to capital;
- Robot z kerіvnitsvtom shodo vyyavlenya problems of the same rozv'yazannya;
- Block of programs;
- Sales of the company's third parties;
- Зміну керівництва;
- Ogranichenna kerіvnikіv ta consultantiv z hoku banku for roboti kompanієyu;
- Збільшення власной капіталу компанії;
- Reorganization of the company;
- Organisatsiyu fіnansovoї dopomogy z boku іnshogo fіnissovogo institute;
- Secured by the ukrainian guarantor of the budgetary servicing of the Borg;
- Вжиття юридичних заходів - офіційне звернення to the guarantor of that sales заставляі, якщо to the loan загрежує неувернення;
- Registration of documents about bankruptcy.
Otzhe, doslidzhuyuchi problem management rizikami schodo lentuuvannya інвестиційних projects, mi dyshly vysnovku, sho banks obyanni keruwati ta nedoskonalyuvati process lentuvanannya in all yoh stadiyah.
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