home Finance Groshi that loan - Savluk M.I.

Groshi that loan - Savluk M.I.

ROZDIL 12. COMMERCIAL BANKS

12.1. UNDERSTOOD, RECOGNIZED THAN CLASIFICATION COMMERCIAL BANK

Commerical banks - credit establishments, loans for the operation of uni-versal bank operations for individuals, installation of a headcount for rahuns of grotesque koshtivs, zaluchenyh viglyadі.vneskіv і deposits. Commerical banks on the basis of pre-tax credit, rozraunkovo-kasovo, and other bank services in the legal and financial branches. Priymayut і rozmіschuyu tiny groshovі contributions of its klієntіv, lead rahunki bankov-korespondentiv, and takozh mozhut vikonuvati vsi abo activities of such operations:

- the financing of capital investments for proruchennyam vlasnikov, abo rozpopryadnikіv kapitalov, scho іnvestuyutsya;

- the issuance of payment documents of those інших цінних паперів (check, accredit, bill, акцій, сертифікатів, облігацій тощо);

- purchase, sales, and zberigannya sternprivnyh tsinnyh papery, and takozh tsinnyh papperіv інших емітентів;

- vidacha doruchen, garantiіy ta інших зобов'язань за третіх осіб, які perebachayut їх виконання у грошовій формі;

- Kasovo vikonannya state budget;

- Pribannya rights vimogi z postachannya goods і nadannya ambassador, priinyattya rizikіv vikonannya such vimog tak іn іnkasuvannya (factoring);

- the purchase of property and property from sales of foreign currency;

- purchase and sale of power at the cordon of expensive metals, natural expensive stones, and takozh vibroks for them;

- довірчі операції (залучення і розміщення коштів; іванствоіння цінними паперми тощо) за дорученням клієнтів;

- Nadannya advisory that the інших інгг, по'я-knії з bankівською та іншою комерційнону і господарською діяльністю.

Komertsіynim banks Ukraїnі zaboronyaєtsya zaymatisya dіyalnіstyu in sferі materіalnogo virobnitstva i torgіvlі materіalnimi tsіnnostyami and takozh s dіyalnіstyu usіh vidіv strahuvannya, їm zaboronyaєtsya vikoristovuvati svoї Union that INSHI ob'єdnannya for dosyagnennya Zgoda, spryamovanoї on monopolіzatsіyu bankіvskih poslug market analysis, setting monopolistically rates i komіsіynih Vinogorod, obmezhennia rivalryії at bankівськійі справі.

Commercial banks are classified for the following criteria: form of authority, organisational form, rozmіrom kapіtalu; Fіlіynoyu mozheyu; A range of operations, which they vikonuyutsya, that sector of the market, de vony funktsionuyut.

For the form vlasnosti kommertsyny banks podilyayutsya on uni tarni і kolektivny.

Unitary banks mahut one clerk in the private sector of the private entity. In Ukraine, there are two unincorporated commercial banks in the form of a sovereignty: Oschadbank and Eximbank. Statutory funds of the central banks for the budget of budget koshtiv and koshtiv budgetary installations. Інші вітчизняні комерційні banks - tse banks with a structured form of ownership, that part of the capitals of dermatology is covered by the legislation of 35% of the statutory fund to the bank, but the bankruptcy of the bank can not be reduced to three banks of juridical chi fizichnih osib.

Zalizhno vid organizatsiynyi form komerciyny banks with a structured form of representation submitted to the banking market by joint-stock companies in the closed and closed type (joint-stock banks) and by partnerships with foreign banks (joint ventures).

Aktsionerny banks vidkritogo i zakrittogo type (vonyi become 84% zagalnoy kіlosty banki Ukraіn) formyut svyi kapital for rahunok obednennya іndііdіnalnyh kapіtalіv zasnovnikіv і participantsсів for допоmюю випуску і розміщення акцій bank. Vlasnik kapitalu vystupa itself aktsionerne comradeship, tobto bank. Aktsioneri, yak rule, do not flout the rights of vimagati vid bank otverennya svoyh vneskiv. To that акціонерні banks вважаються більш стійкими і надійними. In the Ukraine, commercial banks have a number of accredited partnerships with an open type (59%). NaiBilshy akscionernym companion zakriti type (їх a part to become 25% of the zagalnoy kіlostі) - Prominvestbank.

Payovi banks form svyi kapital for rahunok vneskiv pennies koshtiv (pajev) at statutory fund. For kozhnim z uchasnikіv zberіgaevatsya right vlasnosti on yogo part kapitalu, tobto bank not є vesnikom kapitalu. Paying commercial banks can be organized on the principles of comradeship by exchanging shares. Here vidpovidalnost cutaneous participant obmezhena rozmіrom yogo vneshku u kapital bank. Commercial banks in the form of partnerships with foreign investments in Ukraine are becoming close to 16% of the official number.

Залежно від розміру активів комерційні banks поділяються на малі, середні та найбільші. On the bank of the Ukrainian Riviera, bank accounts are in the middle (the asset is 10 million UAH). In the network of the best banks (active 1 billion UAH.) Include: Prominvestbank, JSCB "Ukraina", Ukrsotsbank, Privatbank, Aval Bank, Oschadbank. At the same time, half of the active banking systems of Ukraine fall, but about the concentration of the bank's capital.

Залежно від наявності філій комерційні banks are possible кваліфікувати на багатофілійні, малофілійні, безфілійні. Більш широку мережу філій начаховує Ощадбанк (Близько 15 000 одиниць), який має відділення у всіх адміністративних районы країни. Prior to the bagatofilnyh banks, you can see the Ukraina Bank (500 oditnits), Aval (200 odnitsy), Ukrsotsbank (100 odnitsy). The bias in the history of banks is small and безфілійними.

Zalezhno vіd dаапазону операцій, що виконуть комерційні banks, і sectors of the market, девни functціонують, розрізняють: універсальні банки; Banks with special provisions; Banks with a special interest; Banks with functional specialization.

Universal banks vikonuyut a wide range of transactions that nadayut riznomannitnyi sgigi svoim klієntam. In Ukraine, the commercial banks can be privatized in a variety of ways, but may not have the potential to be legal in the future for all banking products and loans to the general public of types of goods.

Prior to banking, it is possible to lay co-operative banks, in some basic dignitaries and over-reliant clien- ties, cooperatives. The process of such banks in Ukraine is especially important for the period 1990-1993. Пізніше більшість of co-operative banks have subscribed to their dіyalnіst, abo втратили клієнтську спеціалізацію.

At the edges of a well-developed economy, the souvenier the details and the differentiation of the banks in the special services are handled by the specific type of cli- ettury. Zokrema, functitsіnuyut bіrzhovі banks, yakі obslugovuyut bіrzovyh operations; Insurance - insurance institutions; Cooperative - cooperatives. At the bankruptcy market in the country, the rumors are represented by bankers in the clerical specialization (malij i izverdnyi biznes) - Praveksbank, Albank, Bank "Alliance" ta іn. It is possible vvazhati, scho podalshya klієntska spetsializatsiya і nevokoristaniem reserve rozvitku sistemi komercitsnyh bankov in Ukraine.

Banks із галузевою спеціалізацією обслуговуть all over the juridical and phisical spheres in the interiors of the state hall. Stupin spetsializatsii galuzevih bankovі znachennomu mіroju zalezhit vіd spherical іх діяльності, а and takozh osoblivostey gospodarskoї діяльності галузевої клієнтури, пo mоbоut bouti із пївія із seasonal chіnshim processes. Typical representatives of banks in the geological specialization are AKB Ukraina, Prominvestbank, Ukrsotsbank, Legbank, Energobank, Nadra Bank, Avtozazbank, Ukr-Naftogazbank and others.

Funktsionalna spetsializatsiya polagayє in the fact that the commercial banks vikonuyut peremozheno vuzke kole spetsializovanii operatsiy. Cе, наприклад, інвестиційні, інноваційні, ощадні, іпотечні та інші banks. Funktsionalnaya spetsializatsiya principally vplyivaє on the nature of the bank, viznachae osoblivosti formivaniya activeiv and pasivіv, and takozh specifiku roboti klієnturoyu. In Ukraine, the functionalities of commercial banks are not enough. To that is left by the єdiyny bank with investment specialization. Tse Ukrіnbank, yakі є pervіstkom of Ukrainian banks in a new type. Duzhe actuality - the problem of the secrecy of investment, innovation, mortgage banks.

Відомими представниками bankів з functціональною спеціалізацією є Oschadbank, Eximbank. At pasiv Oschadbank close to 90% - Tse koshti fizichnih osib, and active operations in the main cynicism to settle credit. Ексімбанк обслуговує перевоо звнішньоекономічну діяльність клієнтів. Funktsionalnaya spetsializatsiya nazvanih bankov not zavazhaet ім виконувати інші операції, притаманні універсальним banks.

The system of commercial banks is subject to the process of receiving a foreign capital. The number of banks, branches for the part of the inland capital on the cob 2000r., 18% of the gross loans to banks, they can become tertiary banks with a 100-percent foreign capital.