Strahuvannya - Osadets SS

17.3. Forms of reinsurance operations

Існує безліч різних for the form of reinsurance contracts. There is no standard, spilny agreement for all insurance companies. At the skinful vipadku, the insanity will be re-insured in order to wilt their own singing, to share parts of the contract with the rates, premiès. All you can do is to subscribe to the two main groups, to be redeemed with the system of roses and mortgages and reinsurance. Prior to them, the proportional and non-proportional forms of reinsurance operations should be imposed (Figure 17.3).

Proportionate form perestrahuvannya peredachaє partkovu fate srіnі у розподілі відповідальності. Відповідно to узгодженої part of the site in the contract of the parties to be protected by insurance of premiès and zbits.

In the proportionate reinsurance of retailing, quotas, reinsurance, dogors, sums and quota-ekstedentny dogovir. In addition, to be enacted by the system of chi modified forms.

The main forms of reinsurance zahistu

Fig. 17.3. The main forms of reinsurance zahistu

Zgidno with a quota agreement reinsurance reinsurance zobov'azuyutsya peredavati reinsurance party in sysіh risizakh sacred mind, and the reinsurer zobov'yazuyetsya priymati її. Part of the site in the re-insured can be installed at the top of the insurances in absolute virazhenny. The reinsurer is the right to set the deadline for the agreement.

On the other hand, reinsurance is under the quota with a quota of 80%. The lid of the reinsurance contract was repaid with a contract in 300 tys. mind. Od. Yakshto reinsure a rizik in 100 yew. mind. Od., Vlasne utriannya become 20 yew. mind. Od, the reinsurance unit - 80 thousand. mind. Od. Risik in 400 yew. mind. Od. Rozpodilyaetsya so: the assignor - 80 thousand. mind. Od, reinsurer - 320 yew. mind. Od. Ale lymit reinsurer for the contract дорівнює 300 тис. mind. Od, yakі vіn і priymaє (20 thousand intellectuals lost their quota agreements).

Розподіл ризиків і премій згідно з квотним договором schematically ілюструє рис. 17.4.

Розподіл ризиків і премій за квотним договорom

Fig. 17.4. Розподіл ризиків і премій за квотним договорom

The encumbrances of quota contracts have to be proportional to the parity of the parties. Yaksho zbotok for risikom I become 100%, zrozumilo, scho assignor to pay 20 yew. mind. Od, and reinsurer - 80 yew. mind. Od. Zbitok for rizikom II dorivnyuє 50%. The fate of the story is in the taka: the assignor is 40 thousand. mind. Od ;; Reinsurer - 160 thousand. mind. Od.

Розподіл збитків згідно з квотним договором унаочнює fig. 17.5.

Розподіл збитків за квотним договорom

Fig. 17.5. Розподіл збитків за квотним договорom

Quoting of reinsurance contracts, transfer of funds, more than one hundred cents of the assignor:

  • On the imperious utrianni insurvik, deprived of that part of the inheritance, yaka vidpіdіє yogo фінансовим можливостями;
  • Quota dogovir not require great vitrats y yogo obesgovovuvannya;
  • In case of an automatic transfer of risks, an insured person shall be transferred to zobov'yazan to transfer information from priinyatih rizikiv, I grant freedom to the assignor (for regular zbits, ponovlennny abo anuljuvanni polisiv);
  • Result of quota agreements in the balance of the balance sheet.

Tso form reinsurance vikoristvuyutsya todi, if the company poryacho to lead insurance diyalnist in a new for neїdіya insurance, for a non-essential statistics; If the company is responsible for the financial crisis, I will look at the financial problems of the business (the form of reserves, the fate of vitrata at the door of the inquiry, etc.); If neobhіdno prokrasti adminіstrivnnі vitrati in the quiet types of insurance, de існує the great oасяг відповідальності і відносно стабільні страхові sumi.

Quoting reinsurance is widely vikoristovuyutsya in the insurance of civil traffic in the transport authorities, and takozh in insured auto hull. Often tie the form of the contract zastosovyut in proportional retrocession.

The main nedolikom quota reinsurance є those, scho for the contract passed all the risks - great and small. If the assignor of the mav was able to exacerbate his own vulnerability, he would be able to fill up with him the insurance premium. Також наявність у квотних договоми лімітів відповідальності reinsurer in active vipadkam zmushushє zdіysnjuvaty dodatkove reinsurance on facultative basis.

If you agree on the quota of contracts, the insurer does not penalize the culprit for the effect of cumulative disagreements, which is imposed on one and the same by the insured vipadkom. To that kvotnі to finish nerіdo dopovnjuditsja ekssetentnimi in a method dovyagti spilnogo vigod tsedenta і and reinsurance nano for the custodian of cedent.

An extraordinary reinsurance is a folded kind of proportional reinsurance. Such a form of reinsurance vikoristovuyutsya in quiet vipadkah, if insured riziki vistotno vidriznyayutsya for insured sums. For the contract of the sums sum student, the reinsurer otrimy viznachnu parcel in ush contracts, I shift the vestnen of the Utriman of the assignor.

The successor to the contract is the same as the multiple, overdue issuer of the assignor. The sum of an ex-student is to turn into a ticket to the swollen rosemary of a virgin Utriman. Vlasne utriannya on the singing river in an ekspedentsentnoe perestrahuvanni nazivayut linye (part).

Mistkist ekssedentsnogo agreement to stock up із sumi vlasnogo утримання цедента і покриття перестраховика.

Napriklad, yakschoo rozmіr vlasnogo утримання страхової компанії дорівнює 20 тис. mind. Od. (1 lіnіya), sum ex-student (pokretta reinsurance) - 100 thousand. mind. Od. (5 ліній), тоді місткість an exclusive contract - 120 thousand. mind. Od.

For pokrtya vsyogo riziku buovye lack of one ekssedentnogo agreement, then to the contract of the first entrant to settle the agreement of another, third and forthcoming ekssetentіv.

On the other hand, the insurer is employed to insure the insurance against the insurance sum in 200 yew. mind. Od. Vlasne utriannya insurvika for tsієyu grupoju risikіv to become 10 thousand. mind. Od. Insurer Mae First Eccedentiary Dogovir Sumi for 10 lіnіі і other dogovіr on 5 ліній. Part of the risk, I'm inter-negotiated between 1 and 2 members, is reinsured facultatively on a quota basis. Otzhe, rozpodіl відповідальності між the parties to the contract sumsentyenty sumi:

Insurant (assignor)

10 yew. mind. Od. (5% of the insurance sum of the obekt (200 thousand intellectual units));

1-st ексcedented договір (10 ліній)

100 yew. mind. Od. (50 %);

2 nd ekssedentsnii dogovir (5 lіnій)

50 yew. mind. Od. (25%);

Far away optional on a quota basis

40 yew. mind. Od. (20 %);

200 yew. mind. Od. 100 %

Vnasledok nastannya insurance vipadku ob'ekt poskoshdeno at 70%. Sum of the cramp become 140 yew. mind. Od. Оскільки даний договір є пропорцентійним, розподіл збитків між by the assignor і and reinsurers відбувається доpоrсіїно до їх participates in the agreement ексцедента sumi, а саме:

Insurant (assignor)

7 yew. mind. Od. (5% of total sum of money);

1st EXCENDENT CONTRACT

70 yew. mind. Od. (50 %);

2nd EXCENDENT CONTRACT

35 yew. mind. Od. (25%);

Facultative dogovir

28 yew. mind. Od. (20 %);

140 yew. mind. Od.

Prior to the transfer of the ex-insurance reinsurance, it is possible to:

  • Mozhnlіst kompanії-tsedenta vstanovljuvaty lіmіt vlasnogo утримання з урахуванням свого фінансового становища;
  • The assignor with the old vynzachennyi sumy vladnogo utriannya zalizhno vid characteristics of the insurers ob'ektiv mozhe dozhdagti not tilki obmezhennya svoyeї vidpіdalnostі, and y yakisnoї zmіni insurance portfolio.

Недолік цього вид договора полягає в необхідності обробки кожного ризику - yogo вивчення, визначення відповідної частики in the exclusive contract, групування ризиків тощо. To that vitrati from the service of the ex-cedentiary agreements is viznichno vishchi, nizh obslugovuvannya kvotnikh kontinost. Until nedolikiv ekssedentsnogo perestrahuvannya, sho stosuyutsya peremazhno reinsurance, it is possible vizdnot potentiyno iosnichu mozhnivіst surrendered Іm bіlsh nebezpechnyh rizikіv at difentsitsiiyavnomu vlasynomu утриманні. Yak rule, the quota of those ex-cedentary contracts do not tant'e.

Ekspedentne perestrahuvannya naychastіshe zastosovuyutsya vrahuvannyi vіd vognu, neschasnih vipadkіv, and takozh at the insurance zhittya.

Іноді квотний договір та договір ексceдента sumy використовуться комбіновано. Quotage-excluding the dogovar perebacha vstanovlennya ekspedenta zalizhno vid viznachenogo private (quota) vlasny utriannya. A ponad riven utriannya vikoristovuyutsya ekstedent - lіmіt vіdpovіdalnosti reinschikovikіv, scho fіksuyatsya in absolute virazhenny.

Quotno-ekssedentsenny dogovir vikoristovuyut at that razі, if kompanіya rozshiryuє svіy бізнес at new for неї тиі страхування, тобто the assignor може precisely обчисти ефект збільшення квотного утримання.

Zauvazhimo, scho vsim contracts of proportional reinsurance pritamanna characteristic osoblyvist: zbotki that premiyny behind the original polisami podpodilyayutsya mіzh cedentom і and reinsurer at the proportionality and прив'язані до страхової суми.

The essence of the disproportionate reinsurance of the field is in the fact that it is necessary to re-insure, to pretend to be a reinsurer, and not to lie in insurance, and to that considerable proportionality of the roses for the sake of the vicissitudes of the risks and origi- nal premiere. Acknowledgment of an unproportional reinsurance - guaranteeing the insured person for taking care of the risks of the great succulent zombie for the visions of the period. Otzhe, for an unproportionate reinsurance partner, he will pay for the coffin before the ros- rovir, while the re-insurance of the retailer will be paid for by the reinsurer at the border of the agreement for the agreement. The impairment for an unproportionate contract is to be established in the absolute amount (the agreement of the entrant to the cattle) on the amount (the agreement of the exporter). In unproportionate contracts, the Utriman of the assignor is called the first shred, franchise, priority. The reinsurance of the reinsurance - pokrtyam.

Neporpotsyne perestrahuvannya maє takі esobistvostі:

  • The insurant can mop up with the great zbits, and heap on the yogi financial results;
  • The reinsurer does not take part in the vandalism of other zbits, yaki can easily be criticized by the insurer;
  • Oblig the Oblig of accounting operations, change, scrape back the Lisha okremі zbitki abo fіnnsovі results of Strakhuvan. Alle vodnochas zrostaєe demand in pidgotochichy roboti;
  • Tant'eмаa in contracts tієї form, yak rule, not vobachaetsya;
  • Reinsurance for nonproportionate contracts is not to be paid for the cutaneous risk, but for the portfolio, from one to one, for fear of the ric.

Nonproportionate reinsurance is represented by the agreement of the encroachment to the covenant and the agreement of the entre- preneer.

Zgіdno with the agreement of the ex- convict zhitku mekhanizm reinsurance enters into the day, if the residual sum of the coffin is insured by the risky, I translate the amount of insurance into the contract in sumi at the time of the insured vipadka. In case of a shortage of the first-issue exclu- sive agreement with the contract, the co-worker, the contract, the sum, the other, the third, and the future. ALE sposіb rozpodіlu відповідальності в ексцедентних договоры непропорційного перестрахування відмінний від того, що характерний для пропорційного ексцедентного покриття. On vidminu vіd the agreement of the sums sums, de reinsurers take the fate of all and into the skin of the zoo indecently in the yogo rozmiru, in the contracts of the ex-student, the reinsurers vishodkovoduyot deprive those zhitki, who preempt the insurances by the insurer (assignor).

Наприклад, існує договір ексceдента збитку 500 тис. mind. Od. 200 tis are present. mind. Od. The uterus is 200 yew. mind. Od. Ponnistyu pokrivaetsya tsedentom (vin not perevishchu fіksovanygo prіorite). The bundle is 400 yew. mind. Od. Rozpodilyayatsya so: tsentent vyplachuє 200 tis. mind. Od, reinsurer - 200 yew. mind. Od. Able zbitok mozhe perevishchuvati limiti і cedenta, і reinsurance. It's almost as if the 800 zits are becoming ugly. mind. Od. The reinsurer will pay 500 yew. mind. Od. (There are 200 thousand standard registered vestimennye cedent). Assignee vidshkodovuє private part svoeї parti at zbitku і dodatkovu sumu, scho perevishchu limit pokrtya (yakshcho vin nedobachiv nothinogo kontrobyu z tim chi іnshim reinshchikovom). Підсумовуємо:

200 + 100 = 300 yew. mind. Od. (Assignor);

500 yew. mind. Od. (Reinsurer).

Розглянемо, як розподіляється відповідальність між cedentom і and reinsurer згідно з in agreement with the encroachment збитку, скориставшсь рис. 17.6.

Розподіл відповідальності між cedentom і and reinsurer for the agreement of the ex-convict Fig. 17.6. Розподіл відповідальності між cedentom і and reinsurer for the agreement of the ex-convict

Premia, is acknowledged to reinsurers for the agreement of the encroachment zbotka, in particular, to be rented in the sidelines in a cashier way, summed up brutto-premiè for a portfolio of insurance, pso pidlyagaє zahistu. Oskilki to the end of the day, the contract can be paid in cash, the sum of the invoice, the sponge rally together, the sum is prepaid to the advance - deposit of the premiere in the best outfits. The results of contracts for the finished leather rock are seen, and are negotiated by the parties stosovno rozmіrіv rates premiіn lokomіtіv pokrtya on the offensive lines. Negotiate the entourage of the cosset to bring pributkovi for reinsurers. Particularly stinked in the result of the predictive forecasting of the cannibalism of the great zbits.

Zbitki mozut vinikati vaslidok one vipadku abo cumulyatsії rizikiv. Tom rozriznyayut two tip pokrtya:

1) Execute encapsulation encapsulation - WXL (workіng exess of loss - robotic ekspedent zbitku for okremim rizikom);

2) catastrophic ekspedent zlotku - CXL (catatroph exess of loss).

The basis of the contract of the ricocose encyclopaedent is cramp - a single risk. Договір в умовах певного випадаку (вибух, ризик від вогню) використовується стільки, скільки існує окремих ризиків, що призводять до збитків, обсыг яких перевищує prіоритет.

In such types of insurance, yak insure tsivilnogo vidpovіdalnosti, not zavzhdi mozhno viznachiti itself risik (yakshcoo zemimogi tretyh osib), that dotsilno vikoristvuvati pokrtya not for the risky, but for tsilim vipadkom. Скажімо, під hour стихійного лиха (землетрус, a storm) to enter at дію більшість догововв of an insurance portfolio, але жодний збиток не перевищує ліміту. The procurement of tsikh zbits can be instigated by the assignor. At tsіj situatsії має sans використати покриття for випадком - the disastrous ексцедент збитку.

In the fundamentals of the disastrous ex-student, the cudgel is to lie zahist in the cumulation of zbits in the time of one vipadka (road accident, aviakastrofa, stikhyne dashing). Zrozumilo, scho tse a kind of zahistu require exact viznachennya vipadku. Tom in such contracts zastosovuetsya "pogodinne" zasterezhennia, yak vosemechno vyayavlnya insurance vipadku (in years, days). Reinsurance fіksє hour kobatku insurance vipadku.

Encyclopaedia encyclopedic zbotka that catastrophic ekspedent zbitku mozut dopovnyuvati one one. In the view of the contract, pokritya obscure the evils of the risikom i behind the vipadkom, de neme zmogi zapogygti kumulyatsii. Tom Najchastishe pore pokrityta vikoristovuyutsya avtotransportnom insured abo insurance civіnії відповідальності.

Until the very special, vidokremlennogo type of contracts for non-proprietary reinsurance, you can add the terms of the stop loss co-ordinator . Cеdogovіr reinsurance, a kind of crooked not zremeni zbotki abko їh sukupnіst, and pevnyi form of insurance all the insurance portfolio of the cedent.

Specifics of the agreement of the entrant zbitkostost polagae in that the reinsurer takes the fate of the vestigial zbits in the vipadkas, if the zbittkivist for the first lines are transferred to the agreement by reinsurance vvdsotok. Tse dogovir is not guaranteed otrimaniya pribudku for insurant (assignor), and more zahischaє yogo vid nazvichayno great times.

The reinsurers are to pay a premium to the installed rozmіrі, napriklad u відсотков збитковості або in the maximum розмірі збитків, який зазначають the results of the remaining rock.

Наприклад, діє договір ексцедента збитковості. The recom- mendation of the reinsurer was set at 103-127%. Збитковість за даний рік - 135%. Otzhe, the reinsurer pokrivaet tilki 24% (127 - 103) of the peasants, and the assigner pokrivaet 111% zbitkostysti: (103 + 8), de dodatkovi 8% (135 - 127) become perevischennya top of the limit of the reinsurance (127%).

Особливості, які слід враховувати у укладанні договоів ексцедента збитковості:

  • Povna dovira reinsurance shchodo kompanії-tsedenta, їїстрагії в проведенні страхування;
  • The form of pokrtya, scho is recognized for correlations in the frequency range of norms. Otzhe, obovvjazkovo majut існувати alternate forms перестрахування;
  • Priоrоtоt insurance policy має бути на такому рівні, щоб компанія-цедент на початку дії the agreement ексцедента збитковості вже сла понаднормативні збитки.

Negotiate eksedentsenta zbitkostyasti vikoristovuytsya in quiet vipadkah, if for okremimi types of insurance, the result of the passage of the agreement is piddayuitsya rizkim kolivannyam abo існує небезпека, but one chi kilka insurance vipadkіv mozhut negatively vpolnuti on results (hailstorms, buri).

Otzhe, disproportionate reinsurance negotiation ñ to finish off with mobility, forgive in the round-up of that organisation, ale waterwheel and bilb zbitkovi. Hocha Proportional agreement was vainly familiar, one of the tendencies of the syogodnya taka, but disproportionately agree to nabuvaivat all bilshovyi vagi, nasampered z rozgljanutih schoyno reasons. Tsim explains how to make insurance payments to non-negotiable contracts.