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Money and credit - Ivanov VM

19.5. The role, purpose and advantage of leasing

Leasing credit - is the relationship between separate legal entities on the lease of the means of labor, as well as financing, acquisition of movable and immovable property for a specified period. Leasing is a form of credit property. The object of the lease any movable stands (machines, equipment, vehicles, computer tools) and real estate (buildings) assets related to fixed assets, and is the subject of sale. The condition for the loan is the presence of the owners of the goods, which are opposed to each other as owners, legally independent entity, ready to enter into economic relations: to sell products, deliver them to rent. The subjects of leasing are the lessor, the user, the manufacturer. The lessor (landlord) - a business entity which is the owner of the leased object and giving it out. As a landlord can be a specialized leasing organization (company). Leasing company may be affiliated companies of commercial banks. The participants (founders) of the leasing company can be companies, banks, associations and so on. N. They can combine their contributions on the basis of the memorandum of association. In the contribution to the statutory fund of the company may be made to buildings, equipment and other tangible assets, cash. The founders are involved in managing the company's affairs; They are entitled to part of the profits (dividends) from its activities; get their share of the property in case of liquidation of the company; may have a preferential right to rent the property. The user (tenant) - the party contracting with the lessor leases and confers the right of ownership, use and disposal of the object of leasing in the limits established by the leasing contract. Users can be all business entities.

There are types of leasing depending on the age of the property, acquisition methods, the relationship to the leased property, the type of financing. In terms of the operation and the period of depreciation of property leasing is divided into operational and financial. Operational leasing - a transfer of the property for a period of less than the full amortization period. It is divided into short-term operating lease - from a few days up to 1 year; mid-term - from 1 year up to 5-10 years. Financial leasing - a transfer of property for a term of full amortization (net capital lease or full payment).

By means of the acquisition of property is a direct leasing, vendor leasing and leaseback. In a direct lease, the lessor acquires the property of the manufacturer for the delivery of the property to the user in the rent. If the lessor finances the leasing producer manufacturer that performs two functions: Seller of the object of leasing and the lessee with the right to sublease. Leaseback - sale now part of his own property leasing company while signing his lease contract.

With respect to the leased property distinguish pure lease when the additional costs of maintenance leasing object takes on the user, and the full lease when the lease maintenance facility produces the lessor. Term Leasing involves a one-time funding for leasing transactions; renewable (revolver) - repeated.

On the territory of the leasing activity is domestic, international and mixed (a combination of domestic and international).

Relationship on the lease between its subjects are determined by the leasing contract, which provides for the presence of the owner of the leased item to the lessor and the face outside the user's authority to object of leasing; the lease term; obligation to make payments to the lessor the lease payment; User responsible for failure or improper fulfillment of obligations.

The lease term is dependent on the object of leasing, depreciation, cost. For the use of the object of lease, the lessor charges the user's lease payments. Lease payment includes the lessor's costs associated with the acquisition of the leased object; leasing rate (determined according to the size of the bank lending rate, profit margins and the lessor is charged on the cost of leasing object); insurance costs and other facility costs of the lessor. The tenant can make payments once a month, quarter or semester. Provision different payment methods: proportional (in equal parts); progressive (increasing); regressive (decreasing). Leasing loan can be paid off by returning the value of the creditor in the same natural-material form; payment of rent payments in amounts that provide the appearance of the borrower the opportunity to buy the leased tangible assets at their residual value; conclusion of a new lease agreement, but usually for a shorter time and at a reduced rate. The tenant may not seek to acquire ownership of the consumer value of tangible assets in connection with a temporary need for it. The purpose of the lease - the promotion of scientific and technological progress, empowerment and strengthening of material and technical base of the enterprise.

Leasing helps to speed up the implementation of the manufacturer's products, bringing it to the consumer. For the creditor (the leasing company) leasing operations are a source of income in the form of lease payments, the amounts received from the sale of the leased property to the lessee. The leasing company provides brokerage, technical, marketing, information, advertising services.