Legal encyclopedia. Letter B

CURRENCY

(Latin valeo, Italian valuta): the monetary unit underlying the monetary system of a particular state is the national currency; Foreign currency banknotes - foreign currency, as well as payment documents used in international accounts; Type of the monetary system of the state.

In the capitalist era, the main forms of monetary systems were: bimetallism or silver monometallism. At the beginning of the XIX century. In the United Kingdom (and from the second half of the 19th century and in other capitalist countries), gold was distributed. For the period of the general crisis of capitalism, paper paper is characteristic, in which gold plays the role of the universal equivalent, and unidentified (gold) banknotes and paper money Are signs of gold replacing

It is only in the functions of the medium of circulation and means of payment. In this case, the signs of value, as a rule, represent an ever decreasing amount of gold, as banknotes and paper money are subject to inflation.

The legal status of national V is determined by the relevant state. It is customary to distinguish it, depending on the possibility of unimpeded exchange on another country's currency at the officially valid exchange rate.

On this basis, B. are divided into:

1) convertible B. - freely exchanged for B. other states when performing current foreign exchange operations (US dollar, Swiss franc etc.);

2) irreversible B. - B., currency transactions with which are prohibited or significantly limited.

Are allocated also:

1) basic B. - V., serving in the given country as a basis for quoting other currencies;

2) soft V. - V., unstable in relation to its own face value and to the rates of other В;

3) B. payment - V., in which the goods are paid for in foreign trade operations. If it does not coincide with the transaction, the transaction uses a transfer rate to recalculate the transaction in V. payment;

4) B. Transactions - V., which establishes the price of goods in a foreign trade contract or in which the amount of credit granted by a foreign organization is expressed;

5) solid, strong B. - stable B. with a stable course.

V. in the Russian Federation is:

1) rubles in circulation and also withdrawn or withdrawn from circulation, but exchangeable in the form of banknotes (banknotes) of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and coins;

2) funds in rubles on accounts with banks and other credit institutions in the Russian Federation;

3) funds in rubles in accounts with banks and other credit institutions outside the Russian Federation on the basis of an agreement concluded between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation with the relevant authorities of a foreign state on the use of the currency of the Russian Federation on the territory of that state as legal tender.

The procedure for the acquisition and use in the RF of the RF by non-residents is established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation.

Removal and transfer from the RF V. RF and securities denominated in the currency of the Russian Federation, as well as import and

Transfer to the RF RF and securities denominated in the currency of the Russian Federation are carried out by residents and non-residents in the manner established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation.