Legal encyclopedia. Letter B

ELECTIONS.

The legal nature of V. is that the people, when choosing their representatives, authorize them to exercise the state power that belongs to them.

The meaning of V. is that all citizens can express their will, and state power - be created and act in accordance with this will. V. reflect a certain type of political system and directly affect it.

V. are direct and indirect. In direct cases, the citizens themselves decide the issue of election, and with indirect ones, the persons elected by them: electors, deputies, and others.

V. can be universal and partial. During the general V. all voters of the country participate in them (for example, the president), and partial V. are held when it is necessary to replenish the composition of the chamber of parliament because of the early retirement of individual deputies.

B. are national (conducted throughout the country), regional (in the territory

Subject of the federation) and local (according to V. local self-government bodies).

If the result of B. is established after a single ballot of voters, it is considered that they are held in one round, and if two votes are required for this, then in two rounds (a second ballot).

Distinguish V. regular - held in the statutory timeframe and extraordinary-appointed in the event of early dissolution of parliament or the resignation of the president.

The appointment of V. is the activity of the authorized bodies to determine the voting day.

The right to appoint V. belongs to different bodies depending on the elected body and its level:

1) V. The deputies of the State Duma are appointed by the President of the Russian Federation;

2) the day of the President of the Russian Federation is appointed by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;

3) The highest official in the RF subjects appoints the corresponding legislative (representative) body;

4) the head of the subject of the Russian Federation appoints V. representative body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation.

The decision on the appointment of V. is made no later than 65 days before the expiration of the period for which the relevant body or official was elected.

If V. is appointed because of the early termination of the authority of the relevant body, the decision on the appointment of V. should be taken no later than 14 days after the date of such termination.

If V. is not appointed in the specified time by an authorized body or official, V. is appointed and conducted by the appropriate election commission.

After the appointment of the voting day for the conduct of the V on the territory of the Russian Federation, the following are formed:

1) a single federal constituency;

2) 225 single-member constituencies;

3) polling stations.