home Economy Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

3.2. Tsіnova elastichnіst popitu on sіlskogospodarsku produktsіyu

W glancing otsіnki rinkovogo seredovischa, yak otochuє sіlskogospodarskі pіdpriєmstva, Wkra vazhlivo nobility Taku characteristic osoblivіst sіlskogo Gospodarstwa, yak tsіnova elastichnіst popitu on sіlskogospodarskі products. Tsіnova elastichnіst popitu - tse kіlkіsne vіdobrazhennya reaktsії spozhivachіv on zmіnu tsіni the goods. Such reaktsіya viplivaє s dії law popitu, vіdpovіdno to yakogo spozhivachі skorochuyut pridbannya tovarіv zrostannі tsіn with them, i navpaki, pridbayut їh bіlshe at znizhennі tsіn. Prote tsya exposure The law proyavlyaєtsya far odnakovo schodo rіznih tovarіv, tobto Got Location rіzny stupіn chutlivostі spozhivachіv to zmіni tsіni on the chi Inshyj goods.

Otzhe can viznachiti three groupies tovarіv for rіvnem tsіnovoї elastichnostі. Tsіnovy popit on Persha grupu vіdnosno elastichny, if nevelikі zmіni in tsіnі sprichinyayut znachnі zmіni obsyagu їh sale. Before Druha groupies nalezhat Flea s proportsіynoyu (odinichnoyu) elastichnіstyu, if obsyag sale zmіnyuєtsya proportsіyno zmіnam in tsіnі. Of the third group - Products, yakih navіt іstotnі zmіni tsіni sprichinyayut nevelikі zmіni in obsyazі sale. Popit on tsі Flea nazivayut vіdnosno neelastichnim.

Sіlskogospodarska Produkciya nalezhit sama to tretoї groupies tovarіv s vіdnosno neelastichnim popitom. For danimi amerikanskih scientists have rozvinutih kraїnah s rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu koefіtsієnt elastichnostі on qiu produktsіyu, rozrahovany yak vіdnoshennya protsentnoї zmіni obsyagu realіzovanoї produktsії to protsentnoї zmіni tsіni on neї, becoming deprivation 0.20-0.25. Oznachaє Tse, scho spozhivachі zbіlshat pridbannya sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії, skazhіmo 5% todі deprivation, if Cena on neї znizitsya by 20-25%. Tse spіvvіdnoshennya viplivaє s ekonomіchnogo zmіstu koefіtsієnta elastichnostі (Ed), yaky ukazuє on skіlki protsentіv zmіnyuєtsya obsyag sale at zmіnі tsіni one percent.

Yakscho Ed <1, then tsіnovy popit Je vіdnosno neelastichnim for Ed = 1 - i odinichnim for Ed> 1 - vіdnosno elasticity.

Stupіn elastichnostі popitu for goods іstotno vplivaє on ekonomіchny pіdpriєmstva camp. Yakscho popit elastichny, when znizhennі tsіni on goods penny viruchka od realіzatsії yogo zbіlshuєtsya, oskіlki vischy pace zrostannya sale porіvnyano s nizhchim rate znizhennya tsіni daє zmogu kompensuvati vtrati od such znizhennya. Pіdvischennya tsіni for elastichnogo popitu on goods prizvede to protilezhnih naslіdkіv - zagalny penny dohіd skoroti, oskіlki yogo prirіst od zrostannya tsіni not kompensuє vtrat od znizhennya obsyagu sale.

For odinichnoї elastichnostі popitu penny dohіd od znizhennya chi pіdvischennya tsіni not zmіnyuєtsya, oskіlki vtrata viruchki in rezultatі zmenshennya obsyagu sale through zrostannya tsіni bude kompensovana dodatkovim income zrostannya od this, i navpaki at znizhennі tsіni vtrata viruchki s tsієї Reason kompensuvatimetsya zbіlshennyam sale.

Over the minds vіdnosno neelastichnogo popitu for goods znizhennya them tsіni zavzhdi generally produces up zmenshennya groshovoї viruchki od їh realіzatsії. Aje for such popitu іstotne znizhennya tsіni zooms leash Neznachny zbіlshennya obsyagu sale. Obsession vnaslіdok tsogo dodatkovy dohіd not kompensuvatime vtrat scho vinikli od znizhennya tsіni. Prote for pіdvischennya tsіni for goods s vіdnosno neelastichnim popitom penny viruchka zbіlshitsya, oskіlki dodatkovy dohіd od zrostannya tsіni bude bіlshim, nіzh vtrati od zmenshennya obsyagu sale.

Vіdnosna neelastichnіst popitu on sіlskogospodarsku produktsіyu Je naslіdkom dії kіlkoh faktorіv scho viznachayut stupіn chutlivostі spozhivachіv to zmіni tsіni the goods. S bunt them Je zamіschennya factor, if at zrostannі tsіn one item spozhivach Mauger zadovolniti that his very needful, Inshyj Having bought goods Cena on yaky not zmіnilas abo Well zmenshilas. Ale TAKE zamіschennya schodo prodovolchih tovarіv Nadto obmezhene through bіologіchnі vlastivostі lyudskogo organіzmu. Here viyavlyaєtsya zagalna zakonomіrnіst - denote less then іsnuє zamіnnikіv yakogos product, Tim Mensch elastichny popit to Demba, i navpaki. Zvіdsi staє zrozumіlim, scho, napriklad, popit grain, and i mean at hlіb, Je neelastichnim, oskіlki Tsey practical product nemozhlivo zamіniti іnshim. Tom at іstotnomu pіdvischennі tsіni on hlіb obsyag sale yogo zmіnitsya little.

Slіd pam'yatati takozh, scho rіznі sіlskogospodarskі produkti toil rіzny koefіtsієnt elastichnostі. Tse potrіbno obov'yazkovo vrahovuvati sіlskogospodarskim pіdpriєmstvam rіznoї spetsіalіzatsії. For butt vіzmemo two products - kartoplyu i voloskі gorіhi. Fig. 3.4, and curve D vіdobrazhaє popit on kartoplyu, and Fig. 3.4, b curve D1 - popit on voloskі gorіhi. Rіzny Nakheel Tsikh curve to osі abscissa harakterizuє neodnakovu elastichnіst popitu i viznachaє rіznitsyu in rates yogo znizhennya on tsі products.

Fig. 3.4. Tsіnova elastichnіst popitu on okremі sіlskogospodarskі produkti

Yak bachimo for odnakovogo rate zrostannya tsіn on kartoplyu i voloskі gorіhi (on dіlyankah ordinates P1 P2) sposterіgaєtsya rіzna chutlivіst spozhivachіv to obsyagu shopping, scho znayshlo svoє vіdobrazhennya in rіznih obsyagah zmenshennya sale. Chutlivіst spozhivachіv to zrostannya tsіn on voloskі gorіhi Bula bіlshoyu, scho th to prizvelo digit skorochennya obsyagu їh sale todі yak sales kartoplі skorotivsya uniquely less then through vіdnosnu neelastichnіst popitu on Tsey product. Aje not vazhko pomіtiti scho Q3 - Q4> Q1 - Q2. The I tse zakonomіrno, oskіlki volosky gorіh Yea i hoch tsіnnim, ale not obov'yazkovim component harchuvannya Helsinki Human. Tom reaktsіya pokuptsіv on pіdvischennya tsіni on Demba tsіlkom zrozumіla - stink rіzko skoroti popit i obsyag pridbannya.

For virobnikіv voloskih gorіhіv such reaktsіya small negatively naslіdok - zmenshivsya їh dohіd penny. Tse naochno seen Yakscho porіvnyati value trumpery income virobnikіv before i pіslya pіdvischennya tsіni, yaky in Fig. 3.4, b shows vіdpovіdnimi pryamokutnikami. Penny dohіd to pіdvischennya tsіni vіdpovіdaє ploschі pryamokutnika OR1EQ3 and pіslya pіdvischennya -. OR2K2O4. Nevazhko pomіtiti, Ploscha scho Persha s Names pryamokutnikіv (sumarno penny dohіd) perevischuє Area else oskіlki prirіst trumpery income for rakhunok zrostannya tsіni (pryamokutnik R1R2K2K3) viyavivsya Mensch for the bag vtrachenoї viruchki od znizhennya obsyagu sale Area The images pryamokutnika Q4K3EQ3.

Pіdvischennya tsіni on od kartoplyu P1 to P2 so by tempo, yak i tsіni on volosky gorіh, sprichinyatime porіvnyano Neznachny skorochennya obsyagu sale, it is important to know oskіlki pokuptsyam zamіnnik tsomu product. Mova Mauger deprivation Iti about ekonomnіshe vitrachannya kartoplі i deyake skorochennya spozhivannya. Іnshimi words pokupets zmusheny kupuvati kartoplyu (Mauger in descho Mensch obsyazі) nezvazhayuchi on іstotne pіdvischennya tsіni. A tse oznachaє scho tsіnovy popit on neї Je vіdnosno neelastichnim. Yak can be seen in Fig s. 3.4, and, for this popitu zrostannya tsіn product zbіlshuє dohіd virobnika (Ploscha trikutnika OR2K1Q2> OR1EQ1) oskіlki yogo prirіst for rakhunok pіdvischennya tsіni od P1 to P2 s nadlishkom kompensuє vtra-the amount of income Q2KEQ1 navіt todі, if Chastain viroblenoї kartoplі Q1 - Q2 at pochatkovіy Offers S is not bude realіzovano.

Detailed analіz vіdnosno neelastichnogo popitu daє zmogu peredbachiti, scho in nespriyatlivі for virobnika pevnoї produktsії sіlskogospodarskі pіdpriєmstva Rocky shaping can win a bіlshy dohіd, nіzh in Rocky s "normal" weather minds.

Proіlyustruєmo Legend grafіchno (Fig. 3.5). During "normal" weather popit drain D1 urіvnovazhuєtsya s propozitsієyu S1 to tochtsі E1 yakіy vіdpovіdaє ordinate P1 - Rate rіvnovagi. When tsomu virobniki otrimuyut dohіd OP1 E1 Q1. In Mensch spriyatlivі Rocky virobnitstvo product zmenshuєtsya, propozitsіya yogo skorochuєtsya to the S2, vstanovlyuєtsya new rіvnovaga in tochtsі E2 yakіy vіdpovіdaє Vishcha Cena P2.

Dohіd of companies teper vimіryuєtsya pryamokutnikom OR2E2Q2, area is yakogo, yak tse not vazhko pomіtiti, bіlsha for Area OR1E1Q1, tobto sіlskogospodarskі pіdpriєmstva for such minds oderzhuyut bіlshy penny dohіd, nіzh for serednіh gospodaryuvannya minds.
Of companies for agricultural Je duzhe vazhlivim svoєchasno volodіti іnformatsієyu about koefіtsієnti elastichnostі on sіlskogospodarsku produktsіyu i prodovolchі goods. Yak z'yasuvalosya for rіvnem such koefіtsієntіv tsya i Produkciya nazvanі Flea іstotno vіdrіznyayutsya mіzh him. Bіlshe addition, їh okremih kinds tsіnovy popit Je navіt elastichnim, Hoch at sukupnostі Flea sіlskogospodarskogo pohodzhennya toil neelastichny tsіnovy popit. Tom staє Obviously, scho pіdvischennya tsіni, skazhіmo on yalovichinu i mutton, SSMSC toil koefіtsієnti elastichnostі vіdpovіdno 0.54 i 2.65, s odnakovim rate prizvede, yak, we have vіdomo to protilezhnih ekonomіchnih naslіdkіv for Gospodarstwa scho spetsіalіzuyutsya on one virobnitstvі s Names vidіv produktsії.

Otzhe, pіdpriєmstva povinnі buduvati their tactics i strategіyu s obov'yazkovim urahuvannyam of yak tsіnova elastichnіst popitu for goods, scho them viroblyayutsya. Aje znayuchi koefіtsієnt elastichnostі on the kind of chi Inshyj produktsії can peredbachiti on skіlki protsentіv Mauger znizitisya Cena on the minds of neї zbіlshennya obsyagu її regіonalnomu sale on market analysis. Vinikaє takozh mozhlivіst rozrahuvati i rіven takoї tsіni and vіdtak, i sprognozuvati pіdpriєmstva revenues. Proіlyustruєmo legends on such prikladі.

Pripustіmo, tovarovirobniki in zmozі nayblizhchim hour zbіlshiti obsyag realіzatsії lamb regіonalnomu market analysis on 7% faktichnoї tsіni realіzatsії її per 1 kg 13 UAH. Dwellers viznachiti on skіlki protsentіv znizitsya Rate on lamb, slіd skoristatisya formula rozrahunku koefіtsієnta elastichnostі in chiselniku yakoї takes The percentage zmіna obsyagu realіzatsії produktsії (OP), and in znamenniku - Interest zmіna tsіni on neї (HRC), tobto Ed = OP: HRC . Oskіlki HRC nevіdoma for us, viznachaєmo її s navedenoї formula: PC = OP: Ed. Pіdstavivshi in formula navedenі danі, maєmo scho HRC = 2.64% (7: 2,65 = 2.64). Otzhe, Rate 7% strength zbіlshennya obsyagu sale znizitsya 2.64% i її rіven stanovitime teper 12.66 USD. (13 USD is taken as 100%, and zmenshena stanovitime 97.36% Cena od faktichnoї Zvіdsi.:

12.66 = (13 • 97,36): 100.

Yakbi virobniki put sobі for Meta vznati on skіlki protsentіv znizitsya obsyag sale Yakscho tsіnu pіdvischiti, skazhіmo by 10%, then vіdpovіd on tse zapitannya mozhna otrimati, viznachivshi OP h of formulating koefіtsієnta elastichnostі. In Nashomu prikladі obsyag zmenshitsya sales by 26.5% (2.65 × 10 = 26.5). Cena 1 kg mutton stanovitime 14.3 USD (13 110?): 100.