Pricing - Erukhimovich IL

4.3. Types of prices (tariffs), depending on the degree of independence of the enterprise

According to the degree of autonomy of the enterprise in pricing the prices (tariffs) may be free (independently adjustable), contractual (contract), adjustable and fixed.

Free prices in the market conditions are set by the manufacturer of the goods (services) independently, in accordance with the enterprise pricing. Regulators free prices are only supply and demand for certain quality products.

Variety of free prices - this list prices and product prices (prospectus).

List prices are used in the sale of goods on the domestic market and in international trade, and are contained in the price lists issued by the enterprise (firm). They belong to the category of reference prices published by the seller. Listings firms are non-periodic nature of information, sufficiently detailed and accurate. These prices are widely used in the automotive industry, agricultural machinery, production of computer technology and so on. N.

Catalogue Prices (prospectus) - is the official prices published in catalogs and prospectuses of companies, enterprises and organizations of wholesale trade. They are a kind of character reference prices published regularly - usually the seller. They used both in the domestic market and in international trade.

For the same price category are the buyer's price, the price of the seller, the net price.

Prices buyer is the actual amount of money buying goods on the market on which the transactions are sale or for which the buyer is ready to buy goods. Formation of the market price as the bid price (at the buyer's market) means that the actual price of the goods is formed on the lower level, which reflects the economic interests of the buyer.

Seller Prices are formed under conditions of excess demand over supply (seller's market). Such price stimulates increased production of goods and reflects the economic interests of the seller, seeking to sell it more expensive.

Net Prices do not include discounts and allowances related to the difference between the basic conditions of supply (see. Sect. 4.7). This net price of goods on the site of its sale. Net price for the buyer is the sum actually paid by the seller, while the seller - the actual proceeds from the sale of goods, net of costs incurred in connection with the transaction.

Contract prices are established in the contract between the seller and the buyer agreed by the parties. If such an agreement is concluded between the subjects who are of different nationalities, and the payments are made in foreign currency, it is called a contract, and the price specified in it, contract. The contract (contract) prices are also called the sales prices (selling prices, market prices); they are determined by the terms of delivery of the goods.

Regulated prices may fluctuate within certain limits, without exceeding a predetermined level. Their nomenclature is defined in the state (or local) level, and with the development of market relations is constantly growing due to the fixed prices.

Fixed rates are approved by the state or local authorities as permanent and valid for a certain time.

As adjustable and fixed prices and tariffs are established for resources, has a decisive impact on the overall level and dynamics of prices for goods and services, which are crucial, as well as for products, works and services whose production is concentrated in enterprises holding monopoly position in the market.

A special type of prices for transport services, communications, electricity, thermal energy, and so on. N. Are the rates. Their size is determined on the basis of the general principles of pricing.

In carrying out the enterprises of capital construction payments for the delivered construction products manufactured at a cost which serves as a price of the product construction. It is determined on the basis of estimated prices and costs in capital construction.