home Economy Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

9.6. Zamіna zhivoї pratsі kapіtalom

When zamіnі zhivoї pratsі kapіtalom zakonomіrno postaє power: yak scrip іnvestitsіy pіdpriєmstvo Mauger dozvoliti sobі vklasti in virobnitstvo (pridbannya obladnannya, machinery i mehanіzmіv, budіvnitstvo virobnichih primіschen, sporud, pіd'їznih shlyahіv toscho) dwellers zaoschaditi Taku Quantity zhivoї pratsі, zavdyaki vivіlnennyu yakoї dosyagaєtsya Vishcha efektivnіst virobnitstva. Vіdpovіd on tse zapitannya Mauger Buti vicherpnoyu of minds obґruntovanogo viznachennya neobhіdnoї vihіdnoї Informácie i correct vikoristannya vіdomogo in ekonomіchnіy teorії principle zamіna zhivoї pratsі passed dotsіlna deprivation todі, if vartіst MACHINES nizhcha for vartіst robochoї Sealy, yak Won zamіschuє.

Pіdgotovka vihіdnoї Informácie peredbachaє rozrahunok rіchnoї sumi vitrat 1000 UAH kapіtalovkladen scho spryamovuyutsya on zamіnu zhivoї pratsі passed, i vitrat on robochem force yak vivіlnyatimetsya zavdyaki mehanіzatsії virobnitstva abo at zamіnі old obladnannya novim scho potrebuє Mensch costs zhivoї pratsі. Zagalna scrip vitrat 1000 UAH іnvestitsіy skladaєtsya s postіynih vitrat (depreciation, strahuvannya, podatok am Main i interest on vkladeny kapіtal * 3) i zmіnnih vtrat (repair, tehnіchny doglyad, spozhita energіya, pal toscho).

* 3: {Y 2002 p. ostannі two Vidi vitrat boule vіdsutnі in Ukraїnі against the stench of toil Location in kraїnah s rozvinutoyu rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu.}

Vitrati on robochem force yak vivіlnyaєtsya in protsesі mehanіzatsії, viznachayut of the formula:

WMD CBC • THD • Crd • IOS,

de CBC - tariff Godin rate; TRD - trivalіst robochem day, year .; Crd -kіlkіst robochem dnіv, SSMSC vіdpratsyuvav pratsіvnik protyagom rock; SPE - koefіtsієnt sotsіalnih narahuvan on zarobіtnu fee (sotsіalne strahuvannya, Reigning pensіyne zabezpechennya).

On osnovі Tsikh danih viznachayut scrip kapіtalovkladen for yakih vitrati on mehanіzatsіyu virobnitstva zbіgayutsya s vitratami on robochem force scho vivіlnyaєtsya. Rozrahunok zdіysnyuyut of the formula:

de - Zrіvnovazhenі kapіtalovkladennya for yakih vitrati on mehanіzatsіyu virobnitstva zbіgayutsya s vitratami on robochem force scho vivіlnyaєtsya; - Zagalna scrip vitrat (postіynih i zmіnnih) in rozrahunku 1000 UAH kapіtalovkladen.

Rozrahovana manner scrip zrіvnovazhenih kapіtalo-vkladen oznachaє scho pіdpriєmstvo matim ekonomіyu, Yakscho іnvestitsії on zamіnu pratsіvnikіv will menshі, nіzh tsya scrip. Zrozumіlo scho ekonomіya bude tim bіlshoyu, denote Mensch will faktichnі kapіtalovkladennya porіvnyano s pokaznikom KHP, i navpaki. Pіdpriєmstvo nestime zbitki, Yakscho faktichnі kapіtalovkladennya perevischuvatimut zrіvnovazhenі.

Pripustimo scho zarobіtna board іz sotsіalnimi narahuvannyami dvoh pratsіvnikіv, SSMSC shaping can Buti vivіlnenі zavdyaki modernіzatsії preparation center, becoming 6576 USD per Year. Vartіst i install a new obladnannya obіydetsya pіdpriєmstvu 20.2 yew. UAH. Rows ekspluatatsії obladnannya - 15 rokіv. Zalishkova yogo vartіst becoming 10% od pervіsnoї vartostі. Podatok am Main i strahuvannya - 320 UAH per Year. Vitrati to repair i tehnіchny doglyad priymayutsya standard - 6,5% od pervіsnoї vartostі. Vitrati on energіyu stanovlyat 1500 UAH on Year. When rozrahunku percent on vkladeny kapіtal rate takes rіvnі 9%. Dana іnformatsіya Je dostatnoyu for viznachennya usіh articles vitrat.

Zokrema, vitrati on amortizatsіyu in rozrahunku 1000 UAH іnvestitsіy obchislyuyut s virazu:

A =

de Star Wars - zalishkova vartіst main zasobu in rozrahunku 1000 UAH іnvestitsіy. Oskіlki in Nashomu prikladі zalishkova vartіst becoming 10% od pervіsnoї vartostі, the SG dorіvnyuvatime UAH 100 (1000 • 10%): 100. Otzhe, vitrati on amortizatsіyu stanovitimut at T = 15 rokіv (1000 - 100): 15 = 60 UAH.

Interest on vkladeny kapіtal (Pr) vіdpovіdno to methods yogo viznachennya in kraїnah s rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu rozrahovuyut of the formula:

pr =

de Ps - interest rates, koefіtsієnt. Pіdstavivshi in formula vіdpovіdnі danі obsessively = 49.5 UAH. Vitrati to splat podatku on Main i strahuvannya for Year dіlyat on Quantity tisyach іnvestitsіy i otrimuyut scrip Tsikh vitrat 1000 UAH іnvestitsіy. In Nashomu prikladі tsya scrip becoming 320 UAH 20.2 == 15, 84 UAH.

Rozrahovanі vitrati on amortizatsіyu, interest on vkladeny kapіtal i to splat podatku that strahuvannya Je postіynimi i їh zagalna scrip dorіvnyuє 125.34 UAH (60 + 49.5 + 15, 84).

Vitrati to repair i tehnіchny doglyad regulatory dorіvnyuyut, yak E zaznachali, 6.5% balansovoї vartostі, tobto (1000 • 6,5) :: 100 = 65 UAH. Vitrati on energіyu in rozrahunku 1000 UAH іnvestitsіy viznachayut dіlennyam їh rіchnoї sumi on Quantity tisyach іnvestitsіy, tobto stink dorіvnyuvatimut of 1500: 20.2 = 74, 25 UAH. Together zmіnnih vitrat - 139.25 UAH, and zagalna scrip vitrat 1000 UAH kapіtalovkladen - 264.59 UAH (125.34 + 139.25).

So rank, zrіvnovazhena scrip іnvestitsіy in Nashomu prikladі becoming 24 584 UAH (6576: 264,59) • 1000. Yak bachimo, vartіst obladnannya, yak planuє buy pіdpriєmstvo for zamіni dvoh pratsіvnikіv preparation center, Mensch zrіvnovazhenih kapіtalo-vkladen to 4654 UAH. Otzhe, Taqiy varіant іnvestitsіy ekonomіchno vigіdny for pіdpriєmstva. Aje for such minds pіdpriєmstvo pozbavlyaєtsya schorіchnoї Pay zhivoї pratsі in sumі 6576 UAH, but Nese dodatkovі vitrati, pov'yazanі s danoyu іnvestitsіynoyu dіyalnіstyu in sumі 5 344.7 UAH (264,59 • 20,2). Zvіdsi ekonomіya koshtіv stanovitime 6576 - 5 344.7 = 1 231.3 UAH schorіchno. Vkazanu scrip ekonomії mozhna viznachiti th іnakshe, multiplied zaoschadzhenі іnvestitsії on standard vitrat i podіlivshi obsession results in 1000, tobto (4654 • 264,59): 1000 = 1 231.3 USD.

Yak bachimo induced varіant іnvestitsіy Je dotsіlnim for pіdpriєmstva i Mauger Buti priynyatnim for practical vprovadzhennya. Vodnochase, krіm fіnansovogo vigrashu, pіdpriєmstvo skoroti costs zhivoї pratsі on the 3770 Person of-Godin (276 robochem dnіv • 6,83 • 2 pratsіvniki) otzhe, pіdvischit її produktivnіst.