Legal encyclopedia. The letter AND

ENDORSEMENT

- a transfer inscription on the order security, through which the transfer of rights on this security. I. is placed on the back of the security or on an additional sheet (alonzhe).

According to I. all rights to securities are transferred to the endorsee (the person to whom rights are transferred on it).

Types of I:

1) bearer - does not specify the specific person to whom the rights are transferred;

2) nominal - indicating the person to whom the rights under the bill are transferred;

3) order - specifies a certain person (endorsee), by order of which the bill is payable;

4) non-negotiable - contains the inscription "without turnover to me" and the signature of the inscriber, exempting him from responsibility for receipt of payment on the bill;

5) "friendly" - is made to guarantee payment on the bill;

6) optional - a special form of AI on a bill of exchange, which removes certain obligations from the endorser;

7) complete - contains an indication of the person in favor of which the document is translated.

I can be either complete or blank (it consists of only one subscription of the endorser). A person who owns a blank endorsement has the right:

1) fill in the form on your own behalf or on behalf of another person;

2) to endorse the document by means of a full or blank I;

3) transfer to the new holder by simple delivery.

The endorser bears joint and several responsibility with the drawer, avalist, but can absolve himself of this responsibility by I. with the reservation "without turnover."

A partial AI on a bill is invalid, since it must be simple and undefined. Permission is granted to place the prefatory IE with reservations:

1) "the currency for collection" or "as a trustee" - the owner is the endorser, and the holder acts as his attorney and may perform any actions necessary for

Receiving a payment;

2) "currency in pledge" - the transfer of a bill to the holder is not in the ownership, but as a pledge.