categories of crimes
- The division of offenses depending on the nature and degree of public danger. The grounds for separation crime groups are a form of punishment, and the size of the punishment.
Article 15 of the Criminal Code provides for four categories of crimes:
1) a small gravity;
2) moderate severity;
3) serious;
4) very serious.
Minor offenses shall be deliberate and careless actions for committing of which the maximum punishment provided by the Criminal Code, not exceeding 2 years of deprivation of liberty (Art. 2, Art. 15 of the Criminal Code).
Less serious crime is an intentional offense for the commission of which the maximum punishment provided for the Criminal Code, does not exceed 5 years in prison, and
negligent acts, for the commission of which the maximum punishment provided for the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, more than 2 years imprisonment (Art. 3 of Art. 15 of the Criminal Code).
Grave crimes shall be deliberate acts for the commission of which the maximum punishment provided by the Criminal Code, does not exceed 10 years imprisonment (Art. 4, Art. 15 of the Criminal Code).
Particularly serious crime is an intentional act for the commission of which the Criminal Code prescribes a penalty of imprisonment for a term exceeding 10 years or a more severe punishment (Art. 5, Art. 15 of the Criminal Code).
Thus, a minor offense, moderate to serious crimes include both intentional and reckless crime, and to include only particularly grave premeditated crimes.
The value of the division of crimes into categories depending on the degree of public danger is not only theoretical but also practical in case of:
1) definition of a dangerous or especially dangerous recidivism;
2) the establishment of a criminal association (Article 35 of the Criminal Code).;
3) The conviction of a person to imprisonment (a type of correctional institution and mode are determined depending on the category of crime);
4) the release of minors from criminal liability or punishment for the crime of minor or medium gravity;
5) The reconciliation with the victim or of active repentance at the minor offense, etc.
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