CONFEDERATION
- Temporary legal union of sovereign states, designed to ensure their common interests. K. - Form a union of states, in which the members of the union of States retain their sovereignty in full.
K. combines the features of both international law and the state organization. Currently, there is only one entity having signs of K. in the world - the European Union. At various times K. were: Austria-Hungary - until 1918, Sweden and Norway - until 1905, the United States - with 1781 to 1789, Switzerland - from 1815 to 1848.. From 1958 to 1961. K. were Egypt and Syria from 1982 to 1989. - Senegal and Gambia.
K. is characterized by the following features:
1) K is formed on the basis of relevant contracts;
2) subjects K have the right to withdraw from it;
3) K. sovereignty belongs to the state, to its member (no decision by the Federal Government are not valid without the consent of the subjects K);
4) the subject of reference K includes a small range of issues (usually war and peace, foreign policy, the formation of a unified army, communications systems, etc.);
5) K. only those public bodies that are essential for solving problems, especially allocated for contractual acts (for example, there is the judiciary);
6) C. parliament formed by representative bodies of its subjects, which require their delegations issued to them strictly follow the instructions and directions;
7) permanent state bodies K. deprived of power;
8) subjects K. owns the right of nullification, ie refusal of recognition or denial of the application of acts of the Union Government;
9) K. budget is formed by the voluntary contributions of its subjects;
10) K. subjects have the right to establish customs and other restrictions that prevent the movement of persons, goods, services and capital; 11) as a rule, is absent in C. unified system of circulation of money;
12) military units recruited subjects C., and often retained their dual subordination bodies K and its subjects;
13) K no union citizenship.
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