Legal encyclopedia. Letter K

CRIMINALISM

Is a science that studies and generalizes the experience of combating crime, develops means, methods and methods of disclosure and investigation of crimes.

The object of science of chemistry consists of two parts.

The first part includes three groups of regularities:

1) patterns of the mechanism of crime;

2) patterns of information about the crime and its participants;

3) patterns of collecting, researching, evaluating and using evidence.

The second part of the subject of K. includes special means and methods of judicial investigation of evidence and prevention of crimes, developed in K.

In contrast to the object of the object of science, criminal activity and the activity of law enforcement bodies in the disclosure and investigation of crimes that constitute their various processes and relationships, properties and attributes serve.

The tasks of criminal proceedings are:

1) protection of the rights and legitimate interests of persons and organizations that have suffered from crimes;

2) protection of the individual against unlawful and unjustified accusation and conviction, restriction of her rights and freedoms.

Since the legal basis of the science of K. is criminal and criminal procedural legislation, their common task will be K.'s task - to assist with their means and methods in the fight against crime.

The tasks of K. are divided into a common (for all sciences criminal criminal cycle), which is named above, and special tasks.

Special problems of quantum mechanics stem from its general problem. Special tasks include:

1) further study of the objective laws of the object K., the development of its general and particular theories, techniques and recommendations for disclosure, investigation and judicial review and crime prevention;

2) development and improvement of organizational, tactical and methodological bases for preliminary and judicial investigation, forensic examinations, study of investigative and judicial practice;

3) development of forensic tools and methods of crime prevention;

4) studying the achievements of foreign criminologists and their use in solving specific problems and scientific research.

In addition to general and particular tasks, K. at each stage solves specific problems of a temporary nature.

Like any science, K is a single complex of interconnected sections and parts. System K. developed and improved throughout the history of its inception and development. This process continues to the present time.

The structure of science as a science consists of five parts:

1) introduction to science, or general theory of C;

2) forensic science;

3) forensic tactics;

4) forensic methodology (methods of investigating and preventing certain types of crime;

5) forensic issues of organization and investigation of crimes.

The following sections can be singled out in K. 1) The introduction to K, or the general theory of K, is a system of its worldview principles, theoretical concepts, categories, concepts, methods, definitions, reflecting the whole subject K. It contains provisions on the subject of science , Its tasks, structure, law of development and place in the system of scientific knowledge;

2) the general theory is the methodological basis of C;

3) the particular theory refers to one of the aspects of the subject K. (to its part).