ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
- A way to interact with human society and the natural environment to create a cultural environment that is caused by the need to protect it from a hostile society with her man-made economic basis and is aimed at ensuring the ability to meet present and future needs of society for sustainable development.
A. Requirements OS apply to cultural values.
Objectives O. C. (the fight with the results of energy-intensive production, air pollution, water, soil, hazardous substances and waste, over-exploitation of mineral and biological resources, reduction of a natural space) are the subject of ecology - the original biological "science about relationships of organisms to the environment ", and then more and more social, complex and global as the development of the ecological crisis in the second
half of XX century., which adopted a global character.
Anthropogenic global economic development continues, and with it continues to increase the severity of global environmental problems, each of which (desertification, deforestation, resource, greenhouse effect, ozone layer, acid rain, lack of drinking water, pollution of the oceans, the disappearance of animal and plant species et al.) can lead to the degradation of human civilization. As a result, O. S. urgency at the end of the XX century. intensified.
OO C applies to the natural conditions and resources of the existence and development of human society - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, flora and fauna, mineral resources (the lithosphere: the soil, minerals), acoustic and climatic environment.
Earth's natural resources are divided into the inexhaustible (solar energy, tidal energy, wind, etc.) And exhausted: Renewable (flora and fauna, soil fertility) and non-renewable (living space, the energy of rivers, minerals).
OO C is carried out within
certain environmental policies, which in a market economy is largely based on the concept of resource rent and the concept of external costs (externalities -perekladyvanie responsibility for environmental degradation from the manufacturer to the Company) and is reduced to the use of administrative (quality standards, standards for environmental impact, outright bans , certificates, permits and licenses) and economic (fees and taxes, subsidies, trade in rights to pollute, and others.) environmental management practices.
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