Legal Encyclopedia. Letter O

ORGANIZED CRIME.

AT

USSR officially was believed that organized crime is not and can not be, and, as a consequence, a long time she had not been the subject of research and study.

At the state level, the presence of organized crime was recognized by the II Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR adopted a decree "On strengthening the fight against organized crime 'of 1991

In 1991, Cuba was held VIII Congress on Crime problems in Europe, which concluded that organized crime has acquired an international character.

Organized crime -

stable functioning of communities managed by criminals involved in crimes as a business and creating a protection system of social control through corruption.

Organized crime has features unique to it:

1) sustainability - the presence of regular tasks and lasting nature of the criminal activity, its planning and preparation, a strict hierarchy of the participants and the availability of the core of leadership, strict discipline on the basis of the rules of conduct and criminal traditions;

2) consistency - the direct or indirect communication and its specialized structures at the regional level, economic sector, type of criminal activity;

3) the magnitude - it is a regional, inter-regional, within the whole country or international activities;

4) target - income-generating crime, enrichment in large and extra large sizes;

5) ways of committing crimes - for members of criminal structures characterized by the professionalism of crimes. For crimes characterized by thorough technical preparation, planning and distribution of roles, the creation of an enabling environment, the organization of cooperation of individuals and groups that implement different but interrelated functions, determination and ferocity of action; 6) ensuring its own security -konspiratsiya, highlighting the structures of participants with counterintelligence and security functions, the development of scenarios of behavior of ordinary members taking responsibility for storage and carrying of weapons, their use, in order to shield the leaders of criminal groups, development managers conduct scenarios detention case and call the police.

Conventionally, organized crime should be divided into 3 levels:

1) primitive - stable groups with a simple structure of the organization: the leader and the participants (everyone knows their role), planning and committing crimes on the firmly established models. In the group of small number of participants - 5-15 people. For offenses committed by them include robbery, theft, fraud and other minor crimes;

2) medium - a transitional stage to the more advanced forms of organized crime. Between the leader and the participants there are intermediate units (fighters, spies, bodyguards, financiers, artists). In the group of 50 people or more. Crime - drug trafficking, smuggling, illegal operations in the credit and banking system, the arms trade. There are due to officials (corrupt group);

3) high - criminal organizations networked. Its characteristics: the presence of its material base, is manifested in the creation of a common monetary fund, are his property, the presence of official

registered funds, have their collective body - the Council (leader and several people), its constitution in the form of certain rules of conduct, traditions, there are sanctions, functional hierarchical system, are certainly his own people in the government, the court, the prosecutor's office, corruption, division of spheres of influence between groups, there may be money laundering channels.