Legal encyclopedia. Letter P

CRIME PREVENTION

- a multilevel system of targeted state and public measures to identify, eliminate, weaken and neutralize the causes and conditions of crime, certain types of crimes and specific crimes, as well as to deter people from moving or returning to criminal path people whose living conditions and behavior indicate such an opportunity.

The objectives of crime prevention are:

1) preventive effect on the dynamics, structure and causes of crime as a whole - social prevention;

2) prevention of types and forms of criminal behavior in certain areas of public life - criminological prevention;

3) preventing the commission of crimes by individuals - individual criminological prevention.

In the crime prevention system

There are three types: general, special and individual warning.

The selection criterion is the scale of preventive activity:

1) the general warning is a system of measures to eliminate the processes of determination and the causality of crime affecting the entire population or its groups, allocated according to general economic, social and other criteria, and at the same time creating the likelihood of criminal behavior of almost all representatives of such social groups;

2) a special warning - a system of influence on the processes of determination and causality of crime, relating to certain social groups, spheres of activity and objects characterized by an increased likelihood of committing crimes;

3) individual warning - elimination of the causes and conditions of criminal behavior at the individual level, with respect to individuals.

Areas of crime prevention:

1) the prevention of crime is conducted through the detection, suppression, exposure, punishment of the guilty and their correction;

2) on the line of prevention, prevention

Crime prevention measures at the general public and special-

Criminological level.

Prevention of crime does not exclude the use of various coercive measures (arrests, penalties).

Prevention of crime must meet the principles of legality, democracy, humanism, justice and science.

Depending on the scope and objectives of preventive measures, crime prevention levels are divided into general social and special-

Criminological:

1) the general social is characterized by the fact that the measures that make it are an indispensable element of social and economic construction, improvement of the moral, psychological and spiritual spheres of society. Usually these measures are aimed at improving working and resting conditions for workers, raising their level of material security, strengthening discipline and organization, as well as other positive changes in society;

2) special-criminological is characterized by a set of measures, specifically

Aimed at eliminating the causes of crime or specific criminal manifestations, requires special

Criminological knowledge, which are necessary in the development of integrated plans, in developing measures to prevent certain types of crime, etc.

Levels of crime prevention based on vertical differentiation:

1) the level (supreme) envisages the solution of significant social, economic and other problems of the life activity of the society, expressed in social and economic transformations, strengthening of educational and ideological work, and in general - in improving social relations at this stage of society development;

2) the level (average) includes preventive and preventive action on specific social groups and social strata affected by negative trends;

3) the level (the lowest) is associated with individual-prophylactic effects on specific individuals. The task of such influences consists in a positive change in the system

Value orientation of a person, in overcoming his antisocial attitudes and attitudes, reorienting behavior in a socially approved direction.