Legal Encyclopedia. The letter P

ROMAN LAW

- The most advanced system of slave-owning rights situation in major states of antiquity - ancient Rome.

Roman jurists shared the right to private and public, the difference of which was carried out by the opposition of state interests and the interests of the society of individuals.

Public RP (jus publicum) - a set of rules governing the religious and management issues. Public RP contain rules on the proceedings: the trial forms, summons, evidence and proof, the procedural

representation; Criminal Law: Crime and Punishment, the responsibility for the crime; of the laws, and the long-term Senatus Consultum custom; on the order of funeral and ceremonies; on the legal capacity of persons, the structure of the power of public office. The rules of public law were peremptory character

(Mandatory) and can not be changed.

Private RP (jus privatum) - a set of rules governing property and family relationships in Roman society. Private RP regulated: some property and non-property relations; family relations: the order of marriage, the position of head of the family, moral and economic relations in the family; property relations, the rights to other people's things (easements, lien, emphyteusis and superficies); of obligation

relationship, ie, order of the conclusion and execution of contracts, the responsibility for the failure; inheritance, ie transfer of property to others after the death of the testator. The main place in the private RP occupied conditionally mandatory, council-mochivayuschie permitting standards, ie discretionary rules (fills).

RP emerged as an ancient right of Fas, which bore a religious character (jus sacrum), the knowledge and interpretation of which were concentrated in the priestly College of Pontiffs, is the first Roman lawyers. Later, there was a secular right (jus).

Basic systems R. P .: civil law (jus civile), the right of nations (jus gentium), pretorskoe right (jus pretorium).

Sources RP were: customary law; laws; plebiscites; Senatus Consultum; the constitution of the emperors; MAGIS edicts spend; Answers lawyers.

The RP were first formulated the basic concepts and provisions of law; slim designed and logically verified regulation system as the proprietary and legal Obligation;

there was a high legal technique laws; It had an extensive legal practice.

The main core of RP - private ownership, which, like other forms of property rights (ownership, easements), has been thoroughly and carefully designed. Various forms of protection have been established methods of acquisition and termination of property rights, proprietary rights are determined, provided property rights, etc.

Prominent among institutions RP occupied liability law, and especially the contract. Roman lawyers developed a system of agreements covered most

a variety of economic relations of society and provide stability and strength of trade.

The RP developed and have been developed such important legal concepts as capacity, a legal entity of limitations, citizenship and other issues of civil liability, inheritance relations were carefully regulated.

Some laws are preserved many terms and principles of the RP, RP imposed by the institutional system of law codes are constructed.