Legal encyclopedia. Letter C

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE LAWS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

- the fruit of the systematization of Russian law, conducted by the staff of the Second Branch of His Imperial Majesty's Own Office under the leadership of M. M. Speransky.

SZ RI I., consisting of 15 volumes and including only valid legalizations, was drafted by 1832 and obtained the status of law from 1835. The articles of SZ RR contained references to the relevant acts from the General Assembly Laws of the Russian Empire, and for each article a comment was written that was interpretative but did not have the force of law.

Subsequently, SZ RI was published in full in 1842 and 1857, and in incomplete - in 1833, 1876, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1889

The codification of law led to the formation of the following industries:

1) civil law (X volume) - strengthening of the right of ownership, division of property into movable and immovable, obligation law;

2) family law (book one) - marriage age (men - 18 years, women - 16 years), recognition of a legitimate church marriage, divorce in a few cases by the church, the status of the wife was determined by the status of the husband, the children were divided into legal (born in marriage ) And illegal (born out of wedlock);

3) hereditary right - inheritance under a will or by law, a spiritual testament made by a person not younger than 21 years, a written form of a will, in the absence of a will, the transfer of property under the law;

4) the criminal law (XV volume) - consisted of 11 sections, including the concepts of crimes (against faith, state, against the order of government, officials, against state laws, against life, health, freedom, honor, private property), punishment For which they divided into:

A) criminal - deprivation of all rights of the state and combination with the death penalty or with reference to hard labor or settlement in Siberia, the Caucasus;

B) correctional - exile, transfer to corrective prisoner companies, imprisonment in a fortress, a prison, straitjacks or workhouses, short-term arrest, reprimand in the presence of a court, pecuniary punishment;

5) the process - the inquisition, the prohibition of torture in the investigation of cases.