Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Amerikansky neolіberalіzm. Monetarism

Keynsіansky varіant upravlіnnya ekonomіkoyu method groshovoї emіsії that budget defіtsitu hoch i spriyav Shvidky ekonomіchnomu zrostannyu, ale not mіg zabezpechiti bezkrizovogo rozvitku, povnoї zaynyatostі, podolannya іnflyatsії. Zadovgo up cob 70 pp., If svit arrogant chergovoї globalnoї crisis, predstavniki neoklasichnoї school prognozuvali її. Pong was brought, scho "Great depresіya" pp 1929-1933. bula not result vіlnogo pіdpriєmnitstva, yak stverdzhuvav Keynes and naslіdkom provalіv in tіy sferі dіyalnostі for yak Uryadov boule vіdpovіdalnі: Penny polіtika (emіsіya pennies) that nadmіrnі derzhavnі vitrati scho prizveli to rozladu fіnansovoї system to crisis, i іnflyatsії bezrobіttya.

On pіdstavі Svoge perekonannya scho toil penny cyclic nature neoklasiki proponuvali obmezhiti Reigning regulyuvannya Economy kontrolyuvannyam groshovoї masi, emіsії pennies kіlkostі pennies, scho perebuvayut in obіgu i in stocks and takozh zabezpechiti zbalansuvannya sovereign budget that vstanoviti Visokiy bankіvsky percent. On Dumka predstavnikіv neolіberalnoї opozitsії keynsіanstvu, control penny masoyu Got pіdporyadkovuvatis basic law obіgu trumpery. In osnovі yogo dії lezhit kіlkіsna teorіya pennies zapochatkovana A. Smіtom i residual sformulovana D. Rіkardo.

Poєdnannya neoklasichnih pіdhodіv i monetarnoї kontseptsії sovereign regulyuvannya harakterizuvalo Especially neolіberalnoї eg schools, scho Zgoda otrimav titles monetarism.

Digit vpliv on formuvannya monetarism celebrated teorії amerikanskih ekonomіstіv 20-40-x pp. G. Simons, I. Fіshera, F. Knight. That Especially poshirennya monetarism yak varіant neolіberalіzmu nabuv the US naprikіntsі 40th-cob 50 pF. Vіn becoming reaktsієyu on trivale іgnoruvannya ekonomіchnoyu by science penny faktorіv i їhnogo vplivu on rozvitok іnflyatsіynih protsesіv.

Tsey perіod harakterizuvavsya viniknennyam low monetary teorіy scho poyasnyuvali nature tsiklіchnogo rozvitku that proponuvali monetarnі Recipes stabіlіzatsії. Ale naybіlsh obgruntovanoyu that perekonlivoyu Bula teorіya chikazkoї ( "novoї monetaristskoї") M. Frіdmena school.

Positive vnesok monetarism in ekonomіchnu teorіyu, i peredovsіm teorіyu in pennies, have polyagav retelnomu doslіdzhennі mehanіzmu zvorotnogo vplivu trumpery svitu in the commodity's World, monetary іnstrumentіv i monetarnoї (groshovoї, valyutnoї) polіtiki on rozvitok Economy. Monetarnі kontseptsії became the basis of penny-kreditnoї polіtiki, yak ninі Je nayvazhlivіshim vazhelem sovereign regulyuvannya.

Mіlton Frіdmen (1912) narodivsya in Bruklіnі in sіm'ї vihіdtsіv h Ukraine. 1932 rock zakіnchuє navchannya in unіversitetі Rutgers, opanuvav Dvi de - Mathematics is the ekonomіku. Yogo vchitelyami s ekonomіchnih distsiplіn boule laureates Nobelіvskoї premії - S. Kuznєts that J. Stіgler and takozh maybutnіy President Federalnoї rezervnoї US system A. Bjornsen.. Tse spriyalo formuvannyu іnteresіv Frіdmena i vplinulo on yogo rіshennya about prodovzhennya vivchennya ekonomіchnih distsiplіn. Vіn vstupaє to Chikazkogo unіversitetu de 1933 p. otrimuє stupіn magіstra. Great vpliv on formuvannya neoklasichnih poglyadіv Frіdmena Mali vikladachі tsogo unіversitetu G. Simon F. Knight that J. Vіner, scho Ziman viznachennyam shlyahіv vihodu s Economy Creasy s Relief neoklasichnih pіdhodіv.

Zgoda Mіlton Frіdmen move to Kolumbіyskogo unіversitetu de Got zmogu otrimuvati stipendіyu. Here vіn spіvpratsyuє s author teorії dіlovih tsiklіv Mіtchellom. 1937 p. pid kerіvnitstvom Kuznєtsa bere fate in rozrobtsі Naukova project Natsіonalnogo Bureau ekonomіchnih doslіdzhen. Pid hour vіyni pratsyuvav in state-sponsored kaznacheystvі, potіm in vіddіlі vіyskovih doslіdzhen Kolumbіyskogo unіversitetu. 1946 p. Zahist doktorsku disertatsіyu s fіlosofії problems.

W 1948 r. M. Frіdmen pratsyuє in Chikazkomu unіversitetі de zaymaєtsya metodologіchnimi problems suspіlnih sciences, problems of legal vіdnosin (Zahist doktorsku disertatsіyu), pennies i tsіnoutvorennya. Vіn CCB President Amerikanskoї ekonomіchnoї asotsіatsії, Rudnick president s power ekonomіchnih member redkolegіy bagatoh ekonomіchnih Vidanov.

Yomou nalezhit Ponad 250 Prace, Sereda including 27 knizhok. Osnovnі - "Draw pozitivnoї teorії" (1953), "Kіlkіsna teorіya pennies" (1956), "Teorіya funktsії spozhivannya" (1957), "Programa monetarnoї stabіlіzatsії" (1959), "Teoretichnі Basics of analіzu credit and groshovoї System" (1970) "Groshі th ekonomіchny rozvitok" (1973), "Bezrobіttya proti іnflyatsії? Otsіnka krivoї Fіllіpsa "(1975)," Teorіya tsіn "(1978)," Monetary Istoria United States, 1867-1960 "(1981) (in spіvavtorstvі)," Draw pozitivnoї Economy "(1975)," Vіlnі vibirati "(1980) "NKVD Poglyad" (1981). Same in Tsikh Prace sformulovano osnovnі teoretichnі provisions of monetarism.

Frіdmen Brave fate in rozrobtsі prog Respublіkanskoї partії, CCU is the author Veduchi populyarnoї esta "Freedom Vibor".

Yogo broadmindedness Nadzvychaina sytuatsia іntelektu zavdyachuє svoїm vіdrodzhennyam neoklasichny napryamok in ekonomіchnіy teorії.

Way Mіltona Frіdmena od akademіchnogo vchenogo to zasnovnika chikazkoї monetaristskoї School, winner Nobelіvskoї premії 1976 p., CCB zv'yazany іz rozrobkoyu teorії kapіtalіzmu yak samoregulyuvalnoї system s formulyuvannyam monetaristskoї doctrine Cauterets Bulo viznano antipode keynsіanskoї Sistemi sovereign vtruchannya in ekonomіku

theoreticity doslіdzhen Frіdmena method can nazvati sub'єktivno-pozitivіstskim, zasnovanim on empіrichnih that randomness uzagalnennyah.

Pozitivіzm teorії Mіltona Frіdmena polyagaє in tіm scho її tsіlkom orієntovano zastosuvannya on practicality.

Sub'єktivіzm Frіdmena (one yak s Find our nalezhnostі to neoklasichnogo napryamku in ekonomіchnіy teorії) proyavlyaєtsya in tіm scho vіn urahovuє dіyu psihologіchnogo factor (motivіv povedіnki Helsinki Human) in rіznih ekonomіchnih situatsіyah, napriklad in situatsії "іnflyatsіynogo ochіkuvannya". Psihologіchnі factors on yogo Dumka, - tse rіvnopravnі skladovі vrіvnovazhuvannya ekonomіchnoї system.

Bagato provisions of yogo Bulo teorії vikladeno in viglyadі gіpotez, SSMSC shall communicate to bazі poached, porіvnyan that analіzu static in ekonomіchnih yavischah. Vіn vikoristovuє abstraktnі viznachennya, danі slit klasichnoyu polіtekonomієyu. Yogo monetarism - tse, Vlasnyi, sukupnіst kіlkoh neoklasichnih teorіy, SSMSC toil samostіyne value Ale ob'єdnuyutsya kіlkіsnoyu teorієyu pennies, yak yak Frіdmen rozglyadav not teorіyu and yak zagalny principle analіzu. His kontseptsіyu vіn harakterizuє yak "theoreticity pіdhіd scho stverdzhuє vazhlivіst pennies" * 16.

* 16: {Friedman M. Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money. - Chicago, 1956. - P. 3.}

Vazhlivim printsipovim pіdhodom to doslіdzhennya mehanіzmіv rozvitku Suchasnyj kapіtalіzmu for Frіdmenom, Je viznannya neobhіdnostі ekonomіchnoї freedom, scho zumovlyuє OAO All INSHI freedom in suspіlstvі. Ekonomichna freedom zavdyaki yakіy realіzuєtsya іdeya suspіlnoї rіvnovagi, Je nevіd'єmnoyu od rinkovoї system scho is staying in protsesі postіynogo rozvitku. Basically the viznachalnoyu risoyu rinkovoї Sistemi zalishaєtsya Vilna konkurentsіya, yak Got pronizuvati OAO All spherical suspіlnogo Zhittya, dwellers zabezpechuvati minds automaticity samoregulyuvannya Economy.

Іdeya ekonomіchnoї Svobody realіzuєtsya at Dumka Frіdmena, nevtruchannyam powers in ekonomіku that zmenshennyam tієї chastki natsіonalnogo product, scho becoming Income powers Yea i materіalnoyu Basics Reigning "vmontovanih stabіlіzatorіv".

Reigning vtruchannya in ekonomіku, pіdkreslyuє Frіdmen, blokuє dіyu stihіynih regulyatorіv scho spriyayut vstanovlennyu rіvnovagi, vono orієntovane on korotkostrokovu perspective: whether SSMSC neperedbachenі zovnіshnі chinniki mozhut sprichiniti vіdhilennya od vibranogo napryamku.

Otzhe, the basic principles of monetarism polyagaє in tіm scho Alternatives rinkovomu mehanіzmu not іsnuє.