home Political economy Історія економічних учень - Korniychuk L.Ya.

Історія економічних учень - Korniychuk L.Ya.

Rozdil XVI. RADYANSKA ECONOMICHNA SCIENCE

1. The main stages of the development of economics science in the USSR

Suhasna svitova ekonomichna dumka was formed, the generality of the richest manners of the economical knowledge. Vona synthesized dosyagnennya tsілих поколінь, добираючи раціональне та відкидаючи дібне, носитєєве. Skin iz of the daily doctrines of chi shkil boulo was tempted in the past, and the skins were rooted in them until the hour of economical reality, the boules of concrete socially economical outfits.

Polіtichna ekonomіya sotsіalіzmu at tsomu rozumіnnі Je Especially ekonomіchnoyu doctrine is not deprivation zavdyaki svoїy origіnalnostі, dogmatichnostі that chіtkіy іdeologіchnіy spryamovanostі and slit the first to scho Ekonomichna Dumka spawned unіkalny phenomenon - suspіlstvo, yak buduvalos in suvorіy vіdpovіdnostі s advance skonstruyovanoyu theoreticity Modell.

Jerel polіtichnoї ekonomії sotsіalіzmu boule іdeї sotsіalіstіv-utopіstіv scho vіdbivali odvіchnu mrіyu lyudstva about fair suspіlstvo, i klasichna doctrine vikoristana Marx that F. Engelsom for ekonomіchnogo obgruntuvannya spravedlivostі klasovoї Borotba that ob'єktivnoї obumovlenostі zamіni kapіtalіstichnogo suspіlstva on komunіstichne.

The main principle of socialism's motivation for that communism was formulated by Marx and Engels, the further theoretical development of the basic conceptual positions of the Marxist doctrine of zhidisniv V.I. Lenin.

However, one of the most pervasive ideas about the founding of socialism seemed to be lacking, if the problem of formulating real and economic systems was posed. Hoca Bulo Obviously, scho vstanovlennya suspіlnoї FORMS vlasnostі on zasobi virobnitstva (tobto skasuvannya privatnoї vlasnostі) ob'єktivno sprichinyatime dokorіnnі zmіni in ekonomіchnіy strukturі but schodenno vinikali Sotho praktichnі problems SSMSC potrebuvali theoreticity obgruntuvannya that prognozuvannya їhnіh naslіdkіv.

Already in Pershyoki Radyanskoi vladi razgortayutsya discusions to the drive of the basic laws and taktimkiv rozvitku eko-nomicheskoe teorii, vysnachaetsya fundamentally kole nourish, yaki nalezha rozv'yati.

Teper navіt importantly уйвити собі, як багато уваги приділяли економісти розвиткові теоретичних досліджень. Тільки російською мовою тоді було надруковано близько тисячі праць з проблем радянської економіки. It was put і розв'язувалися найрізноманітніші питання: about доцільність that forms суспільної власності, about the form of the rose, the state control, the need for control, the commodity-grotesque adherence, the stimulation of the vibrobit, the duty of the self-economic theory.

A characteristic ricion of economical theoretical reasoning of the first postrevolutionary rockies is the boom of spiraling pluralism . Without interruption, at the vidans of that hour the class struggle was displayed, alas, at the form of theoretical discus- sions. More than that, the economy of the riches was strained and shakably set one to one. It was being trampled upon, the science of the pro-bourgeois press was drunk with the critical front-line bil- shovik, and the Navpaks.

Protest in the other half of the 20-th r., And especially in 1929, became the place. Nalezhnnist author before bilshovitskoy partneri sta chi not nayperekonlivshim argument of the hearing of yogo teorii. Науково-аналітичний підхід замінюється класово-партійним та ідеолого-етичним.

The non-Marxist authorities were lured by the protests of the opposite. Tsikavu characteristic bielshovitskogo pidhodu to ekonomichnogo analizu giving the author of the non-Marxist orthodoxy, the archives of the writer R. Yu. Vipper, in the book "The Crisis of Historical Science" (Kazan, 1921). At nіy vіn підкреслював, що до революції багато російських учеников віддавало належне економічному матерічному матеріальной, погоджуючись, що sіѕіт to rule економічні factor, but not еїї. That is the story of Zhovtnya before Vlad came to the people, who evidently see it as important for the factories.

R.Yu. Vipper Mavratsyu: Bagato hto bachiv at radianski ekonomitsi those who are punished with bacho bachiti, and not those who are there boozers.

However, podilkovym budey і tverdzhennya, sho vse ekonomisti ideologizovali ekonomichnu nauku abo slipo zahizhali partyny intorsi. Rosysky Marxism in the 20's on the cob of the 30's. Zrobili znachny vnesok in ekonomichnu teoriiu. To them, call the name peredovsim M. Kondratyeva , O. Chayanova , O. Chelintsev , M. Levitsky , Є. Slutsky , V. Leont'ev that bugatokh of the others.

Наприкінці 20-х років колишні дискуії з to the drive of the head lines The development of the economy of the Radyansky state The basic principles of the motivations of the socialistic system are to be met by the visions of "scorching" with theoretical formulas. The dogmatization of the basic positions of the Marxist-Leninist faith is to be started. For basic funktsіyu ekonomіchnoї teorії viznaєtsya іdeologіchna, tobto Zahist іsnuyuchogo fret postіynі proof pravilnostі partіynogo course, criticism vsіh ekonomіchnih doctrines, scho not vіdpovіdayut Radyans'ka іdeologіchnim nastanovam.

One day, the applied aspects of the economical theory are rozglyadayutsya Radyansky economists, prichomu dosit original tiikavo. Same at the hour bouleau zapolkovano balance method of rozvitku people's government, ekonomiko-mathematicheskoe modulyuvannya, statistical methods, formulated the principle of planning and prognozuvanya.

However, with a half-tic tick, look at the economists to recognize zmіn, теорії пристосовуться до ідеологічних вимог.

Varto proanalizuvati, napriklad, evolyutsіy poglyadіv otsynku planovoe roboty at Radyanskyi Power, the great authority of the Radyansky Economical Science S. Strumilina . To the cob of the 30's. Gospodarskih problems of the planned people's government - "the crisis of zbutu" in 1923, the "commodity hunger" in 1925, the fall of the viges of vibrobitvita, vin zv'azuyet pomilkovoe ekonomichnoy polityu radyanskih viddomstv. So, vin ukazuvav, scho svavilne vtruchannia in yakus lanku ekonomichnogo organizmu prizvodit up unagoynogo rasladu vesієї sistemi. Vіn fair zaznachaє scho bіlshіst negarazdіv in sіlskomu gospodarstvі poyasnyuєtsya Nadto temple tsіnami on promislovі commodity, mercilessly kritikuє Credit polіtiku Derzhbanku, ukazuyuchi scho yogo dіyalnіst rozbalansovuє ekonomіku, generally produces to the crisis, stimulyuє іnflyatsіyu. Tsikavo, his criticism of Strumilin argued for the sake of the neoclassical science of theories.

Alya yakshcu in 20-ti rokah visi at the plans of the robots explained Strumilinim z classichnyh posits, yaki based on the thesis about samovrynovnazhennya ekonomiki, then on the ears of the 30th rocky yogi look at the soup zminilisya.

Already 1932 r. Він causality of all ills nazivayet "zasillya" from the Derzhplan of bourgeois specialties and opozitsionnyh elements for the arc of a small proverb specials-kommunistyv * 1. The very structure of the Derzhplanu, pidkreslyu Strumilin, robila planuvannya process golostrenoi klasovoi Borotby. So, Dzerzhplan, Yak V. Bazarov, N. Kondratyev, V. Groman, came from the concept of nepu, for the alleged not the plan for the intercourse of the rhink, but the Navpaks, the rhinoceros are regulated and the plan is correct. Same їхня діяльність нібито has called up to unsuccessful the first probes of a people's gift plan.

* 1: {Strumilin SG Planning problems in the USSR. - L., 1932. - P. 29-142.}

Lisha nislya, yak bulo rozgromeleno "shkidnitsku organizatsiyu" from Derzhplani, z'yavisya "scientific obvruntovany" the first p'yatirichny plan.

Еволюція поглядів Strumilina is typical for the turn of the edge on the helm of the motives of totalitarian, administrative and command economics. Tse bula reaktsіya on real zagrozu: uchenі-ekonomіsti theorists that practice, scho not hotіli svoї Look at zakonomіrnostі rozvitku suspіlnogo Gospodarstwa pristosovuvati to іdeologіchnih vimog not hotіli zmiritisya s novimi pіdhodami to science abo conceited utiskіv, abo boule vislanі for mezhі Kraina, Abo th phizically znischen.

H hour in order ekonomіchnіy dumtsі radyanskoї powers panіvne Location posіli osnovnі postulates revolyutsіynoї marksistskoї dogma, scho in sferі Economy utverdzhuvali іdeї tsentralіzmu, total planuvannya Economy, suspіlnoї FORMS rozpodіlu i t.іn.
Komunіstichna partіya preg rate on kolektivіzatsіyu, further ususpіlnennya vlasnostі and sotsіalіzm ogoloshuєtsya єdino mozhlivim, justice suspіlnim ustroєm, pozbavlenim whether yakih superechnostey "skhodinkoyu to komunіzmu".

Yakshto to the top of the 30's. Was led by a discussion on the drive of the necessary technical science for the minds of the new fret, then in the other half of the 30's. Yshelas vzhe about those, scho slіd posleviti soblivu science for vivchennya radyanskoe ekonomiki. Priymaєtsya rіshennya about vikladannya polіtichnoї ekonomії sotsіalіzmu in The Teaching mortgages, about stvorennya pіdruchnika Where Money Does Davao b vіdpovіd on OAO All power іdeologіchnogo, she was theoretically applied nature, scho vinikayut in protsesі svіdomoї pobudovi new suspіlstva.

Zavdannyonyam ekonomichnoi nauki stoi, on suti, tilki vsebіchno obgruntuvannya tezi about perevagi sotsializmu povіvnyano z capіtalіistnim syspіlstvom.

Polichiko-ekonomichne znannya began to degrade. Science delivered in Bulo zhorstkі framework SSMSC obmezhuvali doslіdzhennya marksistskimi the provisions about the role of the dictatorship ekonomіchnu proletarіatu, about sotsіalіstichne ususpіlnennya that єdinu suspіlnu vlasnіst on zasobi virobnitstva that іn scho znayshlo vіdobrazhennya in formulyuvannі Especially ekonomіchnih zakonіv sotsіalіzmu, kotrі traktuvalis sub'єktivіstski -. Yak planovі І "Constructed" suspilstvo.

That zgodom it became obvious, scho politichna ekonomi yak science to go to the deaf kut, enter into superechnism with the principles not of the class, but of the Marxist economical theory.

1952 р. Bulo opublіkovano Prace J. Stalіna "Ekonomіchnі problemi sotsіalіzmu in CPCP", scho viznachala dalshі napryamki rozvitku polіtichnoї ekonomії, viznavala ob'єktivny character dії ekonomіchnih zakonіv that їhnyu chinnіst i in sotsіalіstichnomu prostorі, viznachalnu role of productive forces in progresі suspіlstva. At zv'yazku zim pidkreslyulovala neobhindnost doslenie zagalnyh legitsirnosty ekonomichnogo rozvitku vikoristanna їh result in practical socialistic budivnitsva.

In the middle of the hour the subject of analysis is vestiges, the economy is low in the categories of "unsocialistic" march, which are low among the rituals of the "incompetent" class - "groszi", "goods", "pributok" that Ін.

In the new pіdruchniku ​​s polіtekonomії sotsіalіzmu (1954) znayshli vіdobrazhennya problemi faktorіv virobnitstva, Naukova-tehnіchnogo Progreso, mіzhgaluzevih that vnutrіshnogaluzevih proportsіy suspіlnogo virobnitstva, zarobіtnoї pay, ekonomіchnogo zrostannya that іnshih scho nablizhalo Radyans'ka ekonomіchnu science to svіtovoї ekonomіchnoї pillows.

Shee pomitnіshoju стає ця tendція in 60-р р., If to a subject політичної економії include мікроекономічні by problems, що characterize the basis економічної діяльності господарської odіnetі - підприємства. Same at the time of the pittance of the economist's agent for the minds of the economy of the economy that vpivu tsієї поведінки on macroeconomic processes to obtain the information and in the economical economy.

In Radyans'ka Soyuzі takozh roblyatsya sprobi vprovaditi in practice gospodaryuvannya fun- gospodarskogo rozrahunku scho svіdchilo about Pevnyi Peremoga radyanskoї ekonomіchnoї teorії, yak Hoch i nesmіlivo, obstoyuvala neobhіdnіst viznannya rolі inventory penny vіdnosin for sotsіalіzmu and takozh zapochatkovany slit klasichnoyu polіtichnoyu ekonomієyu principle nevtruchannya in Економічні процеси принаймні на рівні господарської одниці.

All of the same for radyanskoe ekonomichnoї teorії were overflowed with blunders of dovyagennya svitovoї ekonomichnoy dumki. The theory has not been observed in the Marxist dogma and the bulletin of pidporyadko-vanoi ideologic needs. Yavishcha, pritamannyi commodity vibrobitvtvu, rozglyadalsya schodo sotsіialisticheskogo sspіlstva yak takі, scho lishe for the form of subbi to the quiet, kotr characterize rinkovo ​​gosdarstvo. Насправді, вони є сутєво іншими, бо здійснються за момов планової економіки та in соціально-справедливом суспільстві.

In the 70's. У радянській економічній літературі навіть починається дискуія з питання співвідношення політики та економіки. Named Pitan boulo is more current, the problems of the country's problems with economic problems at the edge of the fall, as well as the goals for the video and audio settings. On the suti, yshelas about permissibles between the vtruchannia of the state in gospodarskiy mehanizm. It's a pity, the supporters of the economy of the meticulous metiogram have helped.

Відповідно і process prokazvadzhennya gospodarskogo rozraunkku почав сповільнюватись, відбувався у спотвореній формі.

However, in spite of the indulgence of the political and ideological censorship, the time was positively learned on the development of the economical theory. One-hourly with the theoretical problem of the political economy and the economics, there was a discussion about the problems of political economy in the new sciences.

Wisnows for those who are economically economical методо methodological basis for the development of economics sciences, that is, the sciences, with the tools of theoretical analysis, by fostering the development of new visions in the її interiors of new buildings. It is possible to economize socialism zdobula mozhlіst operuvati ekonomiko-mathematicheskimi statisticnymi methods analizu.

1975 p. Radyans'ka ekonomіstovі Kantorovich Bulo prisudzheno Nobelіvsku premіyu for book s ekonomіko-ically mathematical modelyuvannya protsesіv suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya "Ekonomіchny rozrahunok naylіpshogo vikoristannya resursіv" Writing it іsche 1939 r. Viznannya merit vchenogo svetovoyu science fought the fact that at the beginning of the hour economics and mathematics methods are widely extensively vikoristovuvaty radyanska economical science in theoretical analysis. For a short line at the center of the line, the bug is meticulously finished with meaningful sighs.

Slid takozh zaznachiti, scho v tsej an hour vidbuvatyatsya інтенсивний розвиток нової науки, yak on the back of the 60's rock was formed yak "Criticism of foreign economic theories." Vona gave zmogu radyanskoj chitaliche otrimati bodai zagalne uyavlennya about sti і dosyagnennya svetovoy ekonomichnoy teorii.

Проте починаючи із the middle of the 70's рr. In the development of economical science to begin with, zumovleni pogirshanyam ekonomichnogo stanovishcha in kraїnі. The main thing in science vimagayut brought before the socialistic harmony, the reason to begin the ideology and the apologetics of the authorities of the party.

In the economical literature of the 70's. Actively discuss the problems of the system and the structure of the vibrotic vidosin, vihidnogo and viznachalnogo vibronichih vidnosinakh sotsializmu i t. In. Science zhedіlshogo doslіdzhuyu suto abstract problems, crammed to opratsyuvannya methodological ambushes analiza, and not practical nourishment. Characteristically for Naukova Prace of perіodu stayut tsituvannya vityagіv s tvorіv Marx, Engelsa, Lenina, partіynih Uriadovy The setting is the yak argumentіv on korist yakihos Abstract іdey, scho mali zhodnogo no practical significance.

On the cob of the 80's. It is obvious, but economically the theory is perebuvaye in the crisis camp, has become dogmatic that scholastic, unclear explanatory ambush of the hourly economical rozvitku, okresliti potribnyi sprymki long rushu suspilstva.

Once again, the old Duma has been punctured, but the economical theory can not be rooted out, if it is not vimagayut poshuku principle of the new ways of creating a social and economic wanderings.

Naprikintsi 80's on the cob of the 90's. In the economical literature seek to form an ambush of the new concept of the state darling, but take for the curious point of privatnovlasnitsky interest. At the center of the respect of economical theories, the drinking of the power, the yogic method, the method of zavdannya. To re-define the nature of the rinkovyh vidosin, socially-economical I will arrange suspilstva. Vyrishuyutsya problems transformatsі sotsіialisticheskoy ekonomiki in the market.

Methodological aparat, a kind of vikorostvuyu suaschna ekonomichna teorii in krayinah kolyshnogo Radyanskoho Soyuzu, svyadchit about integration vietchiznyano ekonomichnoi na svitovu.