home Economy books Polіtichna ekonomіya - Krivenko KT

Polіtichna ekonomіya - Krivenko KT

13.4. Form zarobіtnoї pay. I Nomіnalna real zarobіtna board

Osnovnі FORMS zarobіtnoї pay. I Nomіnalna real zarobіtna board. Mіnіmalna zarobіtna board. Produktivnіst pratsі i zarobіtna board. Vіdmіnnostі in zarobіtnіy platі.

13.4.1. Osnovnі FORMS zarobіtnoї pay.

Zarobіtna board Got Dvi form: i vіdryadnu hourly. In his Cherga cutaneous s Got them vіdpovіdnі system. Іstorichno i logіchno Perche Form zarobіtnoї pay Je zarobіtna hourly fee. Won Mauger Buti Pogodin, by the day, schotizhnevoyu, schomіsyachnoyu. Otzhe for tsієї FORMS rozmіr zarobіtku obchislyuєtsya vіdpovіdno to vіdpratsovanogo hour.

In bagatoh kraїnah at viznachennі rozmіrіv zarobіtnoї pochasovoї pay viznachaєtsya odinitsya vimіru tsіni pratsі - Rate Godin pratsі - Pogodin pratsі rates of pay. Pogodin payment rates pratsі (Sr) rozrahovuєtsya dіlennyam ustanovlenoї quantities zarobіtnoї pay (per day Tyzhden, mіsyats - Sn) at the normative Quantity Godin pratsі (vіdpovіdno per day Tyzhden, mіsyats - D):

Sr = Sn / G.

Pogodin zarobіtna board zazvichay zastosovuєtsya on pіdpriєmstvah de perevazhaє chіtko reglamentovany tehnologіchny mode. Thus, in-stream Masov virobnitstvі virobіtok pratsіvnikіv viznachaєtsya shvidkіstyu Ruhu konveєra. Sche bіlshoyu mіroyu tse stosuєtsya chastkovo avtomatizovanih operatsіy i virobnitstva s perevazhannyam aparaturnih protsesіv (hіmіchnі, tehnologії, termіchna obrobka i t. Іn.). Vigoda od zastosuvannya pogodinnoї zarobіtnoї pay for pіdpriєmtsya pov'yazana s tim, scho Won dozvolyaє Legshei pіdvischuvati іntensivnіst pratsі pіdvischennya zarobіtnoї without pay.

In two or three ostannі desyatilіttya Pogodin salary at bagatoh kraїnah peretvorilasya at the head forms of payment pratsі. Vaughn ohoplyuє priblizno 70% robіtnikіv obrobnoї the Branch promislovostі US i Frantsії that up to 60% Promyslova robіtnikіv Velikobritanії i Nіmechchini.

Especially vigіdno zastosovuvati pogodinnі zarobіtnoї pay rates, oskіlki at tsomu razі robіtnikovі oplachuєtsya not Denna (abo tizhneva chi mіsyachna) vartіst yogo robochoї Seeley and tіlki factuality vіdpratsovana Quantity Godin. Perevodyachi robіtnikіv on Pogodin payment pratsі, pіdpriєmets such rank Mauger zmenshuvati payment pratsі vіdpovіdnoї kіlkostі pratsyuyuchogo staff.

Sutnіst vіdryadnoї (poshtuchnoї) zarobіtnoї pay polyagaє in fact scho for her zarobіtok deposits od rozmіrіv virobіtku per unit hour. Costs for robіtnika tsієyu Form zarobіtnoї pay vimіryuyutsya kіlkіstyu i yakіstyu viroblenoї produktsії. Vіdryadna zarobіtna board vikoristovuєtsya for pіdvischennya іntensivnostі pratsі, skorochennya vitrat on kontrolyuvannya robіtnikіv, posilennya konkurentsії mіzh them.

On osnovі pogodinnoї i vіdryadnoї forms zarobіtnoї pay pіdpriєmstva zastosovuyut rіznі, hour Nadto skladnі, pratsі payment system, SSMSC spryamovanі on stimulyuvannya zrostannya kіlkostі that of Quality viroblyuvanoї produktsії on іntensifіkatsіyu pratsі. For їh Relief vlasniki of companies namagayutsya zaіnteresuvati Naiman staff at naybіlshіy vіddachі have naykraschomu vikonannі svoїh obov'yazkіv of labor in the one іnіtsіativnostі vinahіdlivostі.

For Suchasnyj rinkovogo Gospodarstwa characteristic vikoristannya rіznomanіtnih pratsі payment system. Cutaneous pіdpriєmstvo virіshuє qiu problem in svoєmu, namagayuchis reaguvati on zmіni yak at masshtabі suspіlstva, so i on pіdpriєmstvі. Napriklad in amerikanskomu kontsernі "Ford Motor" for vsogo virobnichogo staff іsnuє dvadtsyatiskhіdchasta zarobіtnoї pay system. On nizhchіy skhodintsі nekvalіfіkovanі robіtniki on vischіy - golovnі kerіvniki concern. Rasht robіtnikіv i predstavniki іnzhenerno-tehnіchnogo, upravlіnskogo i Naukova staff posіdayut promіzhnі skhodinki.

In Suchasnyj minds nayposhirenіshimi Je takі payment system pratsі: tarifnі, premіalnі that kolektivnі form, cutaneous SSMSC pіdpriєmstvo vikoristovuє vіdpovіdno to specific obstavin that modifіkatsіy (Div .: Mocherny SV, Simonenko VK, Sekretaryuk VV, Ustenko A. Fundamentals of economic theory. Textbook - K., 2000. - Subject 11. - § 2).

In ostannі desyatilіttya zarubіzhnі fіrmi for posilennya motivatsії pratsіvnikіv uspіshno vikoristovuyut rіznі Sistemi uchastі pratsіvnikіv in pributkah i stvorennі robіtnichoї vlasnostі. Dosvіd pokazuє scho zastosuvannya takoї system leads to increase in dodatkovogo produktivnostі pratsі. Tse dosyagaєtsya zavdyaki bіlsh tіsnoї "priv'yazki" pratsіvnikіv to rezultatіv robots that fіrmi to її vlasnostі. The fate robіtnikіv in pributkah zdіysnyuєtsya in formі vіdrahuvan to "fondіv robіtnikіv" chastki pributku stream rock s vikoristannyam pіlgovogo podatkovih regime. On tsіy osnovі stvoryuyutsya assets robіtnichih trestіv. The fate of at pributkah Mauger zdіysnyuvatisya for termіnovimi i netermіnovimi plans. For Persha platezhі zdіysnyuyutsya termіnovo s pributku stream rock i viplachuyutsya vіdrazu pіslya pіdrahunku rezultatіv for others - robіtniki oderzhuyut vіdpovіdnu vinagorodu Zi zrostannyam protsentіv, head rite before vihodom on pensіyu.

On the cob 80 pF. in bagatoh zahіdnoєvropeyskih kraїnah won rozpovsyudzhennya takі FORMS uchastі in vlasnostі:

in NGF - "stvorennya vlasnostі robіtnikіv" Shlyakhov vіdrahuvan od zarobіtnoї pay, robіtniche nagromadzhennya i aktsіonerstvo personnel;

in Frantsії - fate in pributkah through formuvannya "spetsіalnogo reserve uchastі 's realіzovanogo pributku pіdpriєmstva i sotsіalne aktsіonerstvo. Rahunki "sotsіalnogo partnership" mozhut popovnyuvatisya dobrovіlnimi vneskami pіdpriєmtsіv (up serednomіsyachnogo zarobіtku robіtnika?);

in Shvetsії - formuvannya robіtnichih fondіv іnvestuvannya through vіdrahuvannya od zarobіtnoї pay.

In ukraїnskіy perehіdnіy ekonomіtsі funktsіonuє-valued Quantity Collective of companies. Before them slіd vіdnesti cooperatives SSMSC zasnovanі on kooperativnіy vlasnostі and takozh pіdpriєmstva, zasnovanі on spіlnіy pratsі that vlasnostі scho skladaєtsya s іndivіdualnih paїv. Cooperative members - Collective spіvvlasniki of companies - not prodayutsya his robochem force. Їh osobistі revenues from vinikayut rezultatі realіzatsії tovarіv i obsession vitorgu gross (income).

Collective form vlasnostі nadaє income (abo oplatі pratsі) Especially low. According au-Perche, payment pratsі - tse dohіd spіvvlasnika Collective pіdpriєmstva instead robіtnika Naiman. Tom payment pratsі here skorіshe Je chat penny vinagorodoyu of Pratzen, not zarobіtnoyu dress. In another way, the Foundation paid pratsі viznachaєtsya zagalnimi Zborov chlenіv Collective pіdpriєmstva stvoryuєtsya i for yogo rakhunok gross income. Especially uwagi pridіlyaєtsya ekonomіchnomu obґruntuvannyu spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh Costa, scho spryamovuyutsya to pay pratsі i on rozvitok virobnitstva.

Rozrіznyayut takozh revenues od іndivіdualnoї trudovoї dіyalnostі, yak yavlyaє him suspіlno korisnu odnoosіbnu dіyalnіst gromadyan s virobnitstva tovarіv that nadannya Pay poslug (perukarі, remіsniki, lіkarі, vikladachі, repairmen, domotehnіki toscho). Їhnya penny viruchka for virahuvannyam zovnіshnіh vitrat that podatkіv becoming їh dohіd.