Legal encyclopedia. Letter C

CENTRAL BANK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Occupies a leading place in the banking system of the Russian Federation. He is a legal entity entering into civil-law relations with other credit organizations.

The system of the Central Bank of Russia includes: a central office, territorial offices, cash and settlement centers, the Russian association of collection and other enterprises, institutions and organizations.

The CBR performs the following functions:

1) in cooperation with the Government of the Russian Federation, develops and conducts a unified state monetary and credit policy;

2) monopolizes the issue of cash and organizes cash circulation;

3) is the lender of last resort for credit organizations, organizes a system of their refinancing;

4) establishes rules for making settlements in the Russian Federation;

5) establish rules for conducting banking operations;

6) maintains accounts of budgets of all levels of the RF budget system by conducting settlements on behalf of the authorized executive bodies and state extra-budgetary funds entrusted with the organization of execution and execution of budgets;

7) effectively manage its gold and currency reserves;

8) take a decision on state registration of credit institutions, issue licenses to credit institutions for the conduct of banking operations, suspend their operation and withdraw them;

9) supervise the activities of credit organizations and banking groups (banking supervision);

10) registers the issue of securities by credit institutions;

11) carries out, independently or on behalf of the Government of the Russian Federation, all types of banking operations and other transactions necessary for the performance of its functions;

12) organizes and carries out currency regulation and currency control;

13) determine the procedure for making settlements with international organizations, foreign states, as well as with legal entities and individuals;

14) establishes the rules of accounting and reporting for the banking system of the Russian Federation;

15) establish and publish official rates of foreign currencies against the ruble;

16) takes part in the development of the forecast of the balance of payments of the Russian Federation and organizes the compilation of the balance of payments of the Russian Federation;

17) establishes the procedure and conditions for the implementation by foreign exchange exchanges of activities related to the organization of operations for the purchase and sale of foreign currency, issues, suspends and revokes permits to currency exchanges for organizing the operations for buying and selling foreign currency;

18) conducts analysis and forecasting of the state of the Russian economy in general and by regions, primarily relating to monetary, monetary, and price relations, publishes relevant materials and statistics;

19) performs other functions in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is both a management body, and a state body, and an economic entity. Its legal status consists of two components: state-domineering

(Public law) and civil law (private law).

From the point of view of public appointment and possession of state power authorities, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is a state authority for the management of monetary resources. Here, the relationship between the CBR and commercial banks in the implementation of relevant functions, such as licensing, setting standards, supervision and control, are built on the principles of power and subordination.

At the same time, the CBR is also a banking institution with a number of signs of an economic entity. For this purpose, the CBR has the following rights:

1) grant loans to Russian and foreign credit institutions, the Government of the Russian Federation for a period of not more than 1 year, provided for with securities and other assets;

2) carry out a wide range of banking operations;

3) submit to the arbitration court claims for liquidation of legal entities that carry out banking operations without a license;

4) exercise control over the legality and expediency of creating credit institutions.