STAGES OF STATISTICAL STUDY OF CRIME.
The statistical method of studying crime is one of the methods of collecting and processing information.
The statistical method is a method by which a quantitative expression of the laws of the life of society at a certain place and time is carried out.
With regard to criminology, quantitative indicators of criminality are revealed that provide information on the causes and conditions that contribute to the development of crime, the laws of this development, the identity of the offender, allow us to disclose the relationship between individual processes and phenomena, etc.
The disadvantage of the statistical method is the need for a long period of time, which is required to obtain the information necessary for the work: the more the period studied, the more reliable the information obtained.
The process of statistical research is divided into stages:
1. Statistical observation - the collection of all necessary information about the phenomenon being studied.
Objects of statistical observation are documents containing information about the phenomenon being studied (various documents of primary accounting).
The quality of the remaining steps of this method depends on the quality and completeness of the activities covered by the concept of statistical observation.
Also at this stage, the necessary information is collected, which can be taken from general social statistics containing data influencing in one way or another on crime.
To obtain information that is not available in statistical reports
Selective observations, surveys, experiments, etc. are organized.
2. Summary and grouping of material - scientific processing of materials of the statistical method, summing up individual units and bringing them together, allowing to obtain a generalized characteristic of the phenomenon under study.
The grouping consists in the distribution of the units of the population into separate qualitatively different among themselves, homogeneous groups according to one or another characteristic.
Depending on the purpose of the study, there are three types of groupings:
1) typological grouping - in which the division of the phenomena under study occurs according to a homogeneous, essential feature (gender, criminal record, etc.);
2) Variational grouping - in which division into groups occurs according to quantitative characteristics, which can vary (age, term, number of convictions and
Etc.);
3) analytical grouping - by the link between several groups (the distribution of thefts depending on the place and time of their commission, for example).
The results of the grouping allow us to identify certain links between groups, statistical patterns, the impact of measures taken to prevent crime on its development and distribution, and so on.
The completion of the stage of the summary and grouping is the compilation of tables, where the results of this activity are displayed. These tables are systematized, rationally stated statistical indicators, which make it possible to judge the most significant aspects of the phenomenon under study.
3. Processing and analysis of statistical data is the final stage of the statistical method of studying crime. All received materials are processed and analyzed in their entirety, then certain regularities of the development and progress of the individual processes and phenomena to be studied are derived.
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