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Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

5. gases PROMISLOVІST UKRAINY: Suchasnyj STAN, OSNOVNІ Problems that prospect ROZVITKU

Rozvitok gazovoї promislovostі in Ukraїnі rozpochavsya naprikіntsі XIX century. At that hour buduvalisya s Creek virobnitstva piece gas yaky vikoristovuvavsya perevazhno for osvіtlennya vulits, osobnyakіv, vokzalіv toscho. In promislovostі Taqiy gas mayzhe not vikoristovuvavsya.

For gazovoї promislovostі Ukraine in pershіy polovinі XX century. Characteristically boule neznachnі obsyagi virobnichogo that vidobuvnogo gas yogo Visoka sobіvartіst that nizka produktivnіst pratsі.

Neznachny rozvitok gazovoї promislovostі in dovoєnny perіod poyasnyuєtsya Pevnyi mіroyu vіdsutnіstyu spetsіalnogo equipment for gases promislіv i Nadto obmezhenoyu kіlkіstyu rozvіdanih rodovisch gases. Together s note at the 40th Rokach XX century. boule stvorenі vіdpovіdnі peredumovi for vіdokremlennya gazovoї promislovostі in samostіynu Galuzo palivnoї іndustrії.

Yakіsno Novi perіod in rozvitku gazovoї promislovostі was going pіslya Druha svіtovoї vіyni, if rozpochalasya іntensivna ekspluatatsіya vzhe vіdkritih rodovisch natural gas in areas zahіdnih i aktivіzuvalis search Search in vsіy teritorії respublіki.

Zavdyaki zrostannyu obsyagіv geologіchnoї rozvіdki that burіnnya sverdlovin in 1946-1950 pp. Bulo vіdkrito Shebelinske, Radchenkіvske, Bіlche-Volitske gazovі rodovischa and takozh novі horizon at Oparskomu that Dashavskomu rodovischah. Bulo introduced in ekspluatatsіyu Ugerske that Hіdnovitske rodovischa.

Vіdkrittya i Introduction to ekspluatatsіyu in ostannі Rocky novih gases rodovisch target peredumovi for perebudovi Sistemi gas transportation magіstraley znachnoї protyazhnostі: Dashava - Singapore, Dashava - Kalush - Galic - Dobіvtsі Bender - Ivano-Frankivsk.

Vazhlive values ​​for gazovoї promislovostі that її rozvitku little introduction to the ekspluatatsіyu at 1956 p. Shebelinskogo gas rodovischa in Harkіvskіy oblastі. The away boule vіdkritі takі velikі gazovі rodovischa, yak Kegichіvske, Єfremіvske, Glinsko-Rozbishіvske, Mashіvske, Proletarske that Ribalske (on skhodі Ukraine), and takozh Hіdnovitske, Pinyanske, Bіtkіv-Babchinske (on zahodі).

Tse brought before scho in rozmіschennі gazovoї promislovostі respublіki for 1950-1970 pp. vіdbulisya suttєvі zmіni. So, Yakscho ranіshe provіdnu role vіdіgravala zahіdnoukraїnska naftogazonosna area, then vzhe in 60th Rokach emphasis in rozmіschennі sirovinnih resursіv CCB transferred to Skhid Ukraine (Dnіprovsko-Donec'ka submarine well). For dvadtsyatirіchchya (1950-1970 pp.) Pete Wagga Shіdnogo regіonu in vidobutku gas zrosla od zero to 76%, the proportion of yak todі Zahіdnogo regіonu zmenshilas od 100% to 22.6%. Together s note rozpochavsya vidobutok gas i at pіvdnі respublіki.

For Tsei same perіod uniquely zrosla Quantity gazifіkovanih mіst respublіki, rozshirilas zastosuvannya sphere of natural gas. Vidobutok gas zbіlshivsya s 1.5 billion. M3 in 1950 p. to 60.9 billion. m3 in 1970 p., abo bіlshe nіzh 40 razіv.

Naybіlshy obsyag vidobutku gas CCB dosyagnuty at 1975 p. - 68.7 billion m3.. In the following perіod pіslya 1975 p. small Location tendentsіya znizhennya vidobutku gas in Ukraїnі, at a time yaky becoming blizko 17 billion. m3 per Year (tab. 12). Together Zi znizhennyam vidobutku gas in Ukraїnі, pochinayuchi z 1991 r., Sposterіgaєtsya zmenshennya spozhivannya gas scho pov'yazano іz zagalnim decline in Promyslova i sіlskogospodarskomu virobnitstvі.

tABLE 12

VIDOBUTOK NATURAL GAS IN NAFTOGAZONOSNIH REGІONAH UKRAINY in 1990-1997 pp. *

* For danimi Sovereign geologіchnogo pіdpriєmstva GEO. ІNFORM.

In the furrows of Ukraine at a time vidіlyaєtsya dev'yat naftogazonosnih areas yakih rozmіschennya dozvolyaє ob'єdnati їh three naftogazonosnі regіoni: Shіdny - Dnіprovsko-Donec'ka gazonaftonosna region; Zahіdny - Peredkarpatska, Skladchatі Karpati, Zakarpats'ka i Volino-Podіlska that Pivdennyy - Pereddobrudzhinska, Prichornomorsko-Krymska, Іndolo-Kubanska, Azov-Berezanka area.

When tsomu Shіdny regіon ohoplyuє Sumsku, Poltava, Harkіvsku, Dnіpropetrovsku, Donetsk, Luhansk i Chernіgіvsku oblastі; Zahіdny - Volins'ka, Lvіvsku, Ivano-Frankіvsku, Chernіvetsku i Zakarpats'ka oblastі; Pivdenny-Zaporіzku i Hersons'ka oblastі and takozh autonomous Respublіku Cream.

Reserves of natural gas kategorіy A + B + C1 pitched on 01/01/1998 p. stanovlyat 1.0984 trillion m3, the category C2 -. 331 300 000 000 m3 (Table 13)...

Gas reserves kategorіy A + B + C1 + C2 zoseredzhenі perevazhno in Shіdnomu naftogazonosnomu regіonі syagayut i mayzhe 82% od zagalnih zapasіv Tsikh kategorіy in tsіlomu on Ukraїnі. Vіdpovіdno on Tsey regіon pripadaє i naybіlsha Pete Wagga vidobutku gas in derzhavі (88%).

Krіm tsogo, Ukraine pitched on 01/01/1998 p. Got perspektivnі resources (C3) -. 711 890 000 000 m3, prognoznі resources (D1 + D2) - 2651790000000. m3.

tABLE 13

ROZMІSCHENNYA ZAPASІV NATURAL GAS IN NAFTOGAZONOSNIH REGІONAH UKRAINY on 01.01.1998 r., Bn. M3 *

* For danimi Sovereign geologіchnogo pіdpriєmstva GEO. ІNFORM.

Zabezpechenіst spozhivannya gas for rakhunok Vlasnyi vidobutku in ostannі Rocky becoming 21-22% (tab. 14). Before w sposterіgaєtsya tendentsіya to zrostannya tsogo pokaznika. Tse pov'yazano in Perche Cherga s tim, scho Tempi skorochennya require of natural gazі descho viperedzhayut rate of decline yogo virobnitstva. Chastka gas yakogo not vistachaє Ukraїnі (and becoming Tse mayzhe 80%), іmportuєtsya s Russie that Turkmenistan.

Naybіlsha chastka gazospozhivannya in Ukraїnі pripadaє on Promyslova rozvinuty Shіdny regіon - mayzhe 62% on Zahіdny i Pivdennyy regіoni - vіdpovіdno 32 is the 6% required in zagalnoї gazі. When tsomu in promislovostі vikoristovuєtsya mayzhe half spozhitogo in derzhavі gas blizko 30% gas vitrachaєtsya to require power industry, 18% - in the Communal and pobutovomu sektorі.

tABLE 14

ZABEZPECHENІST SPOZHIVANNYA Gaza UKRAЇNІ FOR rakhunok Vlasnyi VIROBNITSTVA in 1990-1997 pp. *

* For danimi Derzhkomstatu Ukraine.

For virіshennya sezonnoї nerіvnomіrnostі gazospozhivannya Especially values ​​toil pіdzemnі gazoskhovischa (ASG). In Ukraїnі infections ekspluatuyutsya 13 gazoskhovisch s Design obsyagom 62.4 billion. M3. Vikoristovuyutsya tsі skhovischa for pіdvischennya nadіynostі zabezpechennya gas spozhivachіv in ekstremalnih situatsіyah. When tsomu Pete Wagga CBC rozmіschenih on skhodі Ukraine, becoming 17.3% on zahodі - 76.3%, to pіvdnі - 6.4%.

Nerіvnomіrnіst rozmіschennya CBC and takozh vіdsutnіst garantіy stabіlnogo postachannya up Ukraine in the gas viklikaє neobhіdnіst zbіlshennya obsyagіv rezervuvannya gas on skhodі that pіvdnі Ukraine.

Zavdyaki vіdkrittyu great gases rodovisch on skhodі Ukraine in Orenburzkіy that Tyumenskіy areas on Pіvnіchnomu Kavkazі i in Serednіy Azії wide rozvitku nabuv magіstralny truboprovіdny transport. Gazoprovіdny transport Ukraine rozvivavsya yak warehouses Chastina єdinoї gazopostachalnoї Sistemi kolishnogo CPCP. Funktsіonuyucha sogodnі system gazoprovodіv zabezpechuє Ukraine gas supply usіm spozhivacham that on eksport. Zagalna protyazhnіst gazoprovodіv furrows in Ukraine dosyagla mayzhe 35 tis. km. Before the main magіstralnih gazoprovodіv slіd vіdnesti takі, yak: Pomar Urengoi - Uzhgorod; Ostrogozhsk - Shebelinka; Shebelinka - Dnipropetrovs'k; Kryvyy Rih - Іzmaїl; Shebelinka - Poltava - Kiev; Dashava - Singapore; "Union" is the number іn. The capacity zdatnіst usіh gazoprovodіv scho entering the teritorіyu s Russie Ukraine, becoming Ponad 2,000 billion. M3 of gas. Through teritorіyu zdіysnyuєtsya Ukraine gas transit to eksport s Russie in Єvropu (in serednomu Ponad 100 billion. M3 of the Year). Characteristics of the main magіstralnih gazoprovodіv Ukraine imposed in the Table. 15.

PERSPECTIVE rozvitku gazovoї promislovostі Ukraine pov'yazanі s rozshirennyam geological and poshukovih robіt, zbіlshennyam obsyagіv poshukovogo burіnnya that priskorennyam Promyslova osvoєnnya vіdkritih rodovisch. Sort order s CIM slіd widely vprovadzhuvati dosyagnennya NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso, zokrema novіtnіh tehnologіy i tehnіki.

Ekologіchnі problems in their toil gazovіy promislovostі spetsifіku, yak viznachaєtsya in the main vіdchuzhennyam that zabrudnennyam land in areas promislovoї ekspluatatsії rodovisch the gas that geological and poshukovih robіt naphtha th gas. Schodo vikoristannya natural gas sectors in rіznih Economy that Galuzo Gospodarstwa folk, the type of resource Tsey Je naybіlsh ekologіchno clean porіvnyano s such energetichnimi resources yak vugіllya, oil, peat.

tABLE 15

Characteristics of the main MAGІSTRALNIH GAZOPROVODІV UKRAINY