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Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

6. nutritive PROMISLOVІST YAK Basic PEREROBNA LANKA AIC

All obsyag sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії rozpodіlyaєtsya such rank, scho 60% nadhodit on Promyslova pererobku, 25% have spozhivaєtsya svіzhomu viglyadі, Rasht - vikoristovuєtsya in most sіlskomu gospodarstvі. Іz pereroblyuvanoї sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії 85% yak sirovina postupaє on pіdpriєmstva harchovoї, and 15% - at the Branch legkoї promislovostі. The basic Tobto Galuzo scho pereroblyaє sіlskogospodarsku sirovinu Yea i bunt іntegratorom APK - nutritive promislovіst tse, yak viroblyaє blizko 16.3% produktsії Promyslova virobnitstva Ukraine. Nutritive promislovіst go to kompleksіv productive agriculture. Її sirovinna dosit wider base in Ukraїnі. Sche bіlsh shirokі mezhі rozmіschennya spozhivachіv produktsії tsієї the Branch. Same through Tse rozmіschennya harchovoї promislovostі Got Taku osoblivіst scho vidіlyaє її Sered іnshih Galuzo - її pіdpriєmstva rozmіschuyutsya povsyudno: skrіz de Je settlements, іsnuє those chi Lots Other virobnitstvo harchovoї produktsії. Prote rozmіschennya okremih Galuzo tsogo Got virobnitstva svoї osoblivostі fallow stage od vplivu them sirovinnogo chi spozhivchogo factor. In vіdpovіdnostі s CIM vidіlyayutsya three groupies Galuzo harchovoї promislovostі:

1. Grupa Galuzo scho pereroblyaє non-transportable (abo malotransportabelnu) sirovinu at Visoko standards її vitrat th obmezhenih lines zberіgannya i viroblyaє transportable produktsіyu, zdatnu to zberіgannya. Tsі the Branch orієntuyutsya on dzherela vіdpovіdnoї sirovini. Prior warehouse tsієї groupies Galuzo incoming tsukrova, alcohol, Krokhmal-patokova, canning, maslorobna, olіynozhirova.

2. Before Druha groupies nalezhat the Branch, scho pereroblyayut transportable sirovinu i vipuskayut malotransportabelnu produktsіyu, abo produktsіyu s obmezhenimi lines її zberіgannya. Takі the Branch rozmіschuyutsya in areas spozhivannya gotovoї produktsії. Tse - hlіbopekarska, Konditerska, breweries, pasta, lactic, soft napoїv.

3. The third grupu stanovlyat the Branch, scho shaping can Buti yak rozmіschenі in areas zoseredzhennya sirovini, so i in areas spozhivannya gotovoї produktsії (m'yasna, boroshnomelna). Before tsієї groupies incoming i Ti the Branch, in yakih stadії tehnologіchnogo processes shaping can Buti teritorіalno vіdokremlenimi. Zokrema in areas virobnitstva sirovini zdіysnyuyutsya pervinnі stadії pererobki sirovini, and in areas spozhivannya - stadії scho zavershuyut processes pererobki napіvfabrikatіv (Tyutyunova, vinorobna).

Nutritive promislovіst Got a folding structure. Before її warehouse include bіlshe 20 Galuzo. Provіdnimi Galuzo harchovoї promislovostі Ukraine Je tsukrova, m'yasna, lactic, olіynozhirova, plodoovochekonservna, Konditerska, alcohol, vinorobna, Sol. Dinamіka virobnitstva nayvazhlivіshih vidіv produktsії harchovoї promislovostі Ukraine in 1985-1997 pp. hovering in the Table. 36.

Odnієyu s vazhlivih Galuzo harchovoї promislovostі Je tsukrova. In Ukraїnі 80-Ti Rocky viroblyalos bіlshe 6 million. Tsukru tons. In 1997, p. Bulo virobleno 2 million. tons tsukru. In Ukraїnі nalіchuєtsya 192 tsukrovih Creek, scho rozmіschuyutsya in 19 areas. Bіlsha Chastina Tsikh zavodіv znahoditsya Lіsostepu on the right bank. Naybіlsha їh Quantity - at Vіnnitskіy oblastі (38), Cherkaskіy (23), Kiїvskіy (16), Hmelnitskіy (15), Ternopіlskіy (15). Naybіlshі tsukrovі Creek - Lohvitsky i Orіlsky (. Poltavs'ka region), Pervomayskiy i Zasіlsky (. Mikolaїvska region) Salivonkіvsky (Kiyivs'ka region.). Naybіlshe tsukru viroblyayut Podіlsky regіon (30% yogo virobnitstva in Ukraїnі), Central (24%), Shіdny (15%). Sered areas Tsikh regіonіv vidіlyayutsya Vinnic'ka (12%), Ternopіlska (10%), Khmelnytskyi (8%), Kiyivs'ka (12%), Cherkasy (8%), Poltavska (6%) oblastі. Mensch digit Pete Wagga at virobnitstvі tsukru Polіskogo regіonu (13%), slit Mensch - Prichornomorskogo, Carpathian i Pridnіprovskogo.

tABLE 36

DINAMІKA VIROBNITSTVA NAYVAZHLIVІSHIH VIDІV PRODUKTSІЇ HARCHOVOЇ PROMISLOVOSTІ In UKRAЇNІ in 1985-1997 pp. *

* Randomness schorіchnik Ukraine for 1997 p. - K .: Ukraїnska Enzyklopädie, 1998. - S. 130.

Vazhlivoyu galuzzyu harchovoї promislovostі i warehouses Chastain m'yasoproduktovogo complex Je m'yasna scho zabezpechuє population m'yasom i yogo pererobki products. Vidіlyayut three osnovnі eg virobnitstva m'yasnoї promislovostі - m'yasne, kovbasne i m'yasokonservne. M'yasne virobnitstvo predstavlyayut bіlshe sotnі m'yasokombіnatіv bearing-down, scho yak rozmіschuyutsya in Promyslova rozvinutih areas of Ukraine, so i in areas nayavnostі sirovinnoї bazi. In Ukraїnі at 1997 p. Bulo virobleno 525 tis. t m'yasa (1990 p -. 2.7 million tons.). In strukturі Promyslova virobnitstva m'yasa perevazhaє yalovichina i veal (53%), other Location zaymaє m'yaso pork (34%), tretє - m'yaso ptitsі (up 10%). Potuzhnі m'yasokombіnati rozmіschenі in Donetsk, Dnіpropetrovsku, Harkovі, Luhansk, and takozh in Kiєvі, Vіnnitsі, Cherkassy, ​​Odesі, Mikolaєvі, Lvovі that іnshih mіstah. Virobnitstvo kovbasnih virobіv rozmіschuєtsya in areas zoseredzhennya mіskogo population - Donbasі, Pridnіprov'ї, Kiєvі, Yaltі toscho. M'yasokonservne virobnitstvo zoseredzhene perevazhno in sirovinnih regions - Kiev, Vinnitsa, Poltava toscho.

Prior warehouse molokopererobnoї promislovostі incoming maslorobna, sirovarna, the Branch Dairy, and takozh virobnitstvo produktіv nezbiranogo s milk. Molokopererobna promislovіst Je warehouses Chastain dairy production agribusiness complex. Rozmіschennya the Branch deposits od nayavnostі sirovini i masovogo spozhivacha. In areas spozhivannya rozmіschuyut pіdpriєmstva scho vipuskayut produktsіyu nezbiranogo s milk. On sirovinu orієntuyutsya maslorobnі, sirovarnі that molochnokonservnі Creek. In Ukraїnі pratsyuє blizko 500 molokopererobnoї promislovostі of companies. Maslorobnі pіdpriєmstva dіyut mayzhe access in all i oblasne district center. Naybіlshі s rozmіschenі them in Kiєvі, Dnіpropetrovsku, Harkovі, Odesі, Lvovі. Sirovarnі pіdpriєmstva rozmіschenі in Berdyansku (Zaporizka region.), I Dolinі Bobrintsі (Kіrovogradska region.) Zhashkovі i tal (Cherkasy reg.), Kremenchuk (Poltavs'ka region.) That іn.

In Ukraїnі pratsyuє 10 molokokonservnih zavodіv, OOO All stink rozmіschenі in areas zoseredzhennya sirovini. Naybіlshі s them - Bahmachі (Chernіgіvska region.) Pervomayskiy (Mikolaїvska region.) Smіlі (Cherkasy region)., Kup'yansku (Kharkiv region.) That іn.

Olіyno-adipose promislovіst presented olіynimi plants SSMSC viroblyayut kіlka vidіv roslinnoї olії - sonyashnikovu (90% virobnitstva) kukurudzyanu, llyanu, rіpakovu, hemp is the іn. Orієntuyuchis on nayavnіst sirovini (for 1 ton virobnitstva roslinnoї olії vikoristovuєtsya 3-4 m olіynogo Nasinnya) tsya Galuzo zoseredzhena perevazhno in Stepovіy zonі. In Ukraїnі іsnuє 30 great Reigning olіynih kombіnatіv that zavodіv, 418 olіynitskih tsehіv. Nayvischa kontsentratsіya the Branch in Donbasі i Pridnіprov'ї. On chastku Dnіpropetrovskoї, Donetskoї that Zaporіzkoї areas pripadaє bіlshe half viroblenoї in Ukraїnі olії. Naybіlshі centerand її virobnitstva - Dnipropetrovs'k, Mariupol, Zaporіzhzhya, canopies, Vovchansk, Slov'yansk and takozh Kirovograd, Poltava. Prichornomorsky regіon viroblyaє 14% olії (Odessa, voznesensk, Kherson). Sered іnshih tsentrіv vidіlyayutsya i Vinnitsa Chernivtsi. In 1997, p. Ukraїnі in Bulo virobleno 486 tis. t olії.

Plodoovochekonservna promislovіst - tse warehouses Chastina vіdpovіdnogo pіdkompleksu APK, scho pereroblyaє rіznomanіtnu produktsіyu ovochіvnitstva that plodіvnitstva. Sirovinny factor in rozmіschennі of companies tsієї the Branch vіdіgraє basic role. Through tse naybіlsha kontsentratsіya plodoovochekonservnogo virobnitstva sposterіgaєtsya on pіvdnі Ukraine. Same here on teritorії Odeskoї, Mikolaїvskoї, Hersonskoї, Zaporіzkoї areas that Avtonomnoї Respublіki Cream sformuvavsya spetsіalіzovany area plodoovochekonservnogo virobnitstva. Golovnі center - Odessa, Kherson, Simferopol, Іzmaїl, Melitopol, Berdyansk. Rozmіschene tse virobnitstvo i in areas Podillja and takozh in Cherkassy, ​​Zhitomirskіy, Poltavskіy that Donetskіy areas.

Several Galuzo harchovoї promislovostі scho pereroblyayut grain, grain products Je warehouses Chastain pіdkompleksu agriculture. Before them nalezhat boroshnomelno-krup'yana, hlіbopekarska, pasta, Konditerska, virobnitstvo nutritive kontsentratіv and takozh tehnіchna pererobka grain into alcohol, Krochmal, malt toscho. Rozmіschuyutsya tsі the Branch yak in areas spozhivannya gotovoї produktsії (hlіbopekarna, pasta, Konditerska, boroshnomelno-krup'yana, Krokhmal-patokova, alcohol) - perevazhno in Stepovaya i Lіsostepovih regions of Ukraine. Krochmal-patokova promislovіst, krіm grain (Kukurudza, wheat, rice), vikoristovuє takozh kartoplyu. Through tse, orієntuyuchis on sirovinu, її pіdpriєmstva rozmіschuyutsya i in Polіskih areas.