home Other disciplines Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

2. Suchasnyj STAN TA OSOBLIVOSTІ ROZMІSCHENNYA Galuzo SOTSІALNOЇ sphere UKRAINY

Sotsіalna sphere skladaєtsya s dvoh kompleksіv: sotsіalno cultural i-materіalno pobutovogo. Sotsіalno cultural complex vklyuchaє the Branch, pov'yazanі s vіdtvorennyam golovnoї produktivnoї Sealy suspіlstva, vіdnovlennyam її pratsezdatnostі zmіtsnennyam Zdorov'ya i, s formuvannyam lyudskogo kapіtalu. For tsogo complex characteristic Je perevazhannya FREE poslug that їh zagalnodostupnіst. The Branch tsogo complex Je vazhlivim factor pіdvischennya produktivnostі pratsі access in all areas of cultural Zhittya gospodarskogo i.

Osvita

Osvita. Zabezpechuє pіdvischennya zagalnogo i rіvnya knowledge culture among the population that the Branch OAO All national Gospodarstwa kvalіfіkovanimi personnel and to vistupaє vazhlivim Elements vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley.

Perche osvіtyanskoyu Lanka Je doshkіlnі mortgage. Naprikіntsі 1997 p. in Ukraїnі nalіchuvalos Ponad 18 tis. postіynih doshkіlnih zakladіv have yakih perebuvalo blizko 1.2 million. dіtey scho becomes 33% zagalnoї chiselnostі dіtey. Digit Chastina dіtey doshkіlnogo vіku not vіdvіduє tsі mortgage. Vischy rіven zabezpechenostі dіtey doshkіlnimi sposterіgaєtsya mortgages that have pіvdennih skhіdnih areas of Ukraine, nizhchy - at zahіdnih regіonah.

Spіvvіdnoshennya rіvnіv ohoplennya dіtey doshkіlnogo vіku suspіlnim vihovannyam, napriklad mіzh areas such yak Volins'ka, Rіvnenska, Chernіgіvska, s one side, i Autonomous Republic Krim that Dnipropetrovs'ka region - s іnshogo, becoming 1: 3. Zberіgayutsya rozbіzhnostі i in the population group rozrіzі s rіznimi pributkami. So, for danimi sotsіologіchnih doslіdzhen, rіven ohoplennya dіtey tsimi mortgages have bіlsh zabezpechenih sіm'yah at 1.5-3 Razi vischy, nіzh from Mensch zabezpechenih.

Rіzke skorochennya tempіv sporudzhennya doshkіlnih zakladіv in okremih sіlskih areas was the cause of the headache, then slit scho not Povny mіroyu zadovolnyayutsya require population in Hotel doshkіlnogo vihovannya. Tse negative vplivaє on zakrіplennya kadrіv on selі on produktivnіst pratsі sіlskogospodarskih pratsіvnikіv. Tom away rozshirennya MEREZHI Kindergarten sadkіv in sіlskіy mіstsevostі, stvorennya neobhіdnih minds for doshkіlnikіv in cutaneous population punktі not vtrachaє Svoge sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo values. Dosvіd robots Hmelnitskoї, Dnіpropetrovskoї іnshih that a number of areas showing scho vіdkrittya in the smallest in settlements Kindergarten doshkіlnih zakladіv yak samostіynogo ob'єkta chi in kompleksі Zi school daє pozitivnі results. Zbіlshennya pokaznika ohoplennya dіtey postіynimi Kindergarten cages i yaslami prodovzhuє zalishatisya urgency of the problem, Especially in zahіdnih regіonah. Zokrema have Lvіvskіy, Ivano-Frankіvskіy areas of deprivation 16% dіtey ohopleno postіynimi doshkіlnimi osvіti mortgages. Tse naynizhchy pokaznik on Ukraїnі, mayzhe vtrichі nizhchy, nіzh in Cherkaskіy oblastі.

Main views The Teaching-vihovnih zakladіv in Ukraїnі Je serednya zagalnoosvіtnya school troh stupenіv: Purshia - Pochatkova, others - mainly tretіy - high school, SSMSC vіdpovіdno zabezpechuyut Pochatkova, nepovnu serednyu i Povny zagalnu serednyu osvіtu. In 1998 the. їh nalіchuvalos 21246 * 1. For rozvitku prirodnoї obdarovanostі dіtey stvoryuyutsya spetsіalіzovanі school I profіlnі class.

* 1: {Derzhavnі navchalnі mortgage (without spetsіalnih shkіl). For dіtey s Vadamee rozumovogo abo fіzichnogo rozvitku funktsіonuvalo 389 The Teaching zakladіv. Reigning Krіm, pratsyuvalo 187 Private The Teaching zakladіv.}

Formuvannya shkіlnoї MEREZHI in Ukraїnі vіdpovіdaє basic concepts of system narodnoї osvіti, sformulovanim in Zakonі Ukraine "About osvіtu", "Pro zagalnu serednyu osvіtu" she іnshih zakonodavchih documents.

On the cob rock in 1999/2000 The Teaching Ukraїnі funktsіonuvalo 21.9 yew. shkіl have yakih navchalosya Ponad 7 million uchnіv. Bіlshe half uchnіv dennih shkіl (55.2%) navchaєtsya ukraїnskoyu movoyu, Rasht - vivchaє ukraїnsku movu yak thing. 44.5% uchnіv dennih shkіl navchayutsya rosіyskoyu movoyu, Je school takozh chi class s moldavskoyu, ugorskoyu, rumunskoyu, polskoyu, slovatskoyu, anglіyskoyu, bolgarskoyu that Krymska-tatarskoyu movami navchannya * 2.

* 2: {Without uchnіv spetsіalnih that privacy zakladіv.}

Ostannіm hour active rozvivayutsya novі Vidi The Teaching zakladіv - gіmnazії, lіtseї that kolegіumi de іz of order zagalnoosvіtnіmi poglibleno vivchayutsya tehnіchnі that gumanіtarnі items. In 1998 the. in Ukraїnі funktsіonuvalo gіmnazії 224, 206 lіtseїv have to chislі 20 kolegіumіv de navchalos Ponad 200 tis. uchnіv.

Sered dennih zagalnoosvіtnіh shkіl mayzhe half (48%) stanovlyat serednі, tretinu (33%) - nepovnі serednі, 14% - 2% pochatkovі i - school for dіtey s Vadamee rozumovogo i fіzichnogo rozvitku that zagalnoosvіtnі school sotsіalnoї reabіlіtatsії. One zmіnu pratsyuyut deprivation shkіl 80%; Chastina-valued uchnіv vіdvіduє zanyattya in other zmіnu. In 1998 the. such uchnіv nalіchuvalos Ponad 653 tis., scho becomes 9.7% to їh zagalnoї kіlkostі. Naybіlshe Attendance at school in another zmіnu Avtonomnіy Respublіtsі Krim, Luganskіy, Donetskіy, Zaporіzkіy, Harkіvskіy, Rіvnenskіy areas naymenshe - at Cherkaskіy, Vіnnitskіy, Hmelnitskіy, Ternopіlskіy that Ivano-Frankіvskіy areas.

In 1998 the. in Ukraїnі pratsyuvalo 246 vechіrnіh (zmіnnih) shkіl have yakih navchalosya mayzhe 140 yew. uchnіv.

Rozgaluzhenoyu Je trammel Kindergarten muzichnih shkіl and takozh Mystetskyi, hudozhnіh that horeografіchnih shkіl have yakih navchaєtsya bіlsh yak 300 tis. uchnіv. In osvіtyanskih mortgages Ukraine pratsyuє Ponad 500 tis. uchitelіv (vklyuchayuchi kerіvnikіv shkіl). W vischu osvіtu they toil 83% nezakіnchenu vischu - 3%, serednyu pedagogіchnu - 13%.

Pіslya transition to zagalnoї serednoї osvіti in Ukraїnі skoroti trammel ungraded Pochatkova i nepovnih serednіh shkіl, SSMSC not zabezpechuvali nalezhnoї of Quality navchannya i boule nizkoefektivnimi s ekonomіchnoї point Zora.

In 1998 the. profesіyno-tehnіchna Osvita narahovuvala 995 zakladіv * 3 chiselnіst uchnіv have yakih becomes 526.5 yew. chol. Profesіyno-tehnіchnі school pratsyuyut on bazі nepovnoї serednoї i serednoї osvіti. Practical vocational OAO All gotuyut kvalіfіkovanih robіtnikіv s serednoyu osvіtoyu. In 1997 r. Key infrastructure robіtnikіv in schools becomes 263.6 yew. chol.

* 3: At {vikonannya Holds Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Ukraine od 29 Travnia 1997 p. Number 526 vіdbulos vdoskonalennya MEREZHI profesіyno-tehnіchnih zakladіv osvіti Shlyakhov ob'єdnannya odnoprofіlnih that ungraded zakladіv i stvorennya on їh bazі spetsіalіzovanih vocational school.

In 1997 r. in 8 basic vocational school at pіdpriєmstvah, mіnіsterstvah, vіdomstvah i galuzevih (vіdomchih) of companies Vocational i Bulo organіzatsіy pіdgotovleno 1.0 yew. robіtnikіv, vischimi mortgages osvіti rіznih rіvnіv akreditatsії - 7,9 yew}.

Vocational schools gotuyut robіtnichі personnel for mashinobudіvnoї, radіoelektronnoї, naftogazovoї, vugіlnoї, hіmіchnoї, derevoobrobnoї, legkoї i polіgrafіchnoї promislovostі, Zaliznicnovo transport zv'yazku, budіvnitstva, communal Gospodarstwa, water Gospodarstwa, sіlskogo Gospodarstwa, Galuzo spherical poslug. Teritorіalno school rozoseredzhenі perevazhno mіskih settlements in i great villages. The maximum Quantity znahoditsya schools in regional centers of that great іnshih mіstah. Profesіyno-tehnіchnі navchalnі mortgage sіlskogospodarskogo profіlyu rozmіschenі, yak rule, Malih that serednіh mіstah; navchalnі mortgage s spetsіalnostey gіrnichoї, naftovoї, hіmіchnoї promislovostі - in areas vidobutku gіrnicho-hіmіchnoї sirovini.

Reform zagalnoosvіtnoї i profesіynoї school peredbachaє pereglyad profіlyu pіdgotovki Masov robіtnichih profesіy, the number of schools zbіlshennya s pіdgotovki kvalіfіkovanih robіtnikіv, nasampered for small i serednogo pіdpriєmnitstva that Galuzo sotsіalnoї sphere.

Vishcha Osvita Ukraine mortgages provided 660 The Teaching I-II rіvnіv akreditatsії in yakih navchaєtsya blizko 526 tis. studentіv, s are on dennomu vіddіlennі - blizko 400 tis. (Table. 39).

tABLE 39
OSNOVNІ POKAZNIKI ROZVITKU VISCHIH ZAKLADІV OSVІTI In UKRAЇNІ in 1985-1998 pp. *

* Randomness schorіchnik Ukraine for 1997 p. - K .: Ukraїnska Enzyklopädie, 1998. - S. 438.

Krіm, in Ukraїnі funktsіonuє 280 vischih The Teaching zakladіv III-IV rіvnіv akreditatsії in yakih navchaєtsya bіlsh nіzh 1.1 million. Studentіv, s 732.6 yew them. - On dennomu vіddіlennі, 360.7 yew. - By correspondence, 16.7 yew. - On vechіrnomu.

Sered galuzevih group The Teaching zakladіv Ukraine naybіlshe studentіv vchitsya in mortgages, scho gotuyut spetsіalіstіv for promislovostі that budіvnitstva, osvіti, sіlskogo Gospodarstwa, receptionists Health Protection, Economy is the law, transportation is the zv'yazku.

Pedagogіchnі that medichnі osvіtnі mortgage rozmіschenі rіvnomіrno on teritorії Kraina, regional centers of that mіstah oblasnogo pіdporyadkuvannya. Profіl pіdgotovki spetsіalіstіv for іnshih Galuzo vіdpovіdaє perevazhno regіonalnіy spetsіalіzatsії Gospodarstwa Ukraine. Naybіlshe zakladіv vischoї osvіti, zokrema III-IV rіvnіv akreditatsії, skontsentrovano in Harkovі, Kiєvі, Odesі, Dnіpropetrovsku, Lvovі, Donetsk. In 1997 r. The Teaching vischimi mortgages Ukraine rіznih rіvnіv akreditatsії Bulo pіdgotovleno mayzhe 4 yew. magіstrіv, 147 yew. bakalavrіv, 173 yew. molodshih spetsіalіstіv.

On the cob rock 1997/1998 The Teaching at universities I-II rіvnіv akreditatsії pratsyuvalo 47.2 yew. vikladachіv, s are 1.4 yew. kandidatіv Sciences; at the universities III-IV rіvnіv akreditatsії - 71.9 yew. profesorsko-vikladatskogo staff s are 6.6 yew. doktorіv that 36.5 yew. kandidatіv Sciences, 6.6 yew. profesorіv that 28.2 yew. dotsentіv * 4.

* 4: {On vikonannya Holds Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Ukraine od 29 Travnia 1997 p. Number 256 vіdbulos vdoskonalennya MEREZHI vischih zakladіv osvіti rіznih rіvnіv akreditatsії Shlyakhov їh lіkvіdatsії that ob'єdnannya.}