home Other disciplines Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

4. Suchasnyj MILL COMPLEX THAT OSOBLIVOSTІ ROZMІSCHENNYA HІMІCHNIH VIROBNITSTV UKRAINY

Odnієyu s provіdnih pіdgaluzey hіmіchnoї promislovostі Ukraine Je virobnitstvo mіneralnih Welcome (tab. 51).

In tsіlomu її chastka becomes Ponad 20% kolishnomu Radyans'ka Soyuzі. In kraїnі viroblyalis usі three main Vidi Welcome - azotnі, fosfornі, kalіynі. Folding Virobnitstvo Welcome Bulo Neznachny for obsyagami. Before cob 60s rokіv naybіlshe viroblyalos phosphoric Welcome, ale potіm on Pershe Location viyshli azotnі dobriva (Ponad 60% vsogo virobnitstva at 1990 p.).

tABLE 51

VIROBNITSTVO MІNERALNIH goodness in UKRAЇNІ in 1990-1997 pp., Yew. t *

* Randomness schorіchnik Ukraine for 1997 Year. - K .: Ukraїnska Enzyklopädie, 1998. - S. 121.

Azotnі dobriva (amіachna selіtra, karbomіd sulfate amonіyu toscho) otrimuyut in rezultatі nitric povіtrya i aqueous vidіlenogo s vіdhodіv koksohіmіchnogo i virobnitstva domain, and takozh natural gazіv. Pіdpriєmstva scho vigotovlyayut azotnі dobriva, rozmіschuyut nearby Close koksohіmіchnih zavodіv in Donbasі i Pridnіprov'ї (Dnіprodzerzhinsk, Krivoy Rog, Gorlіvka toscho) and takozh on trasі gazoprovodіv in areas іntensivnogo rozvitku sіlskogo Gospodarstwa (Lysychansk, Cherkasy, Rivne) i in Port rayonі Odes. Sort order dobrivami s here, yak usually vigotovlyayut nitric acid i suputnі product, scho vikoristovuyutsya for virobnitstva plastmas, is synthetic fibers, kіnoplіvki, rіznomanіtnih barvnikіv.

Virobnitstvo phosphoric Welcome, yak usually tyazhіє to rayonіv їh spozhivannya (per 1 ton of superphosphate vitrachaєtsya sirovini 0.5 m). Їh vigotovlyayut in Sumy, Vіnnitsі, Kostyantinіvtsі i Odesі. Sirovinoyu for їh virobnitstva to ostannogo hour boule apatitovі concentrate scho nadhodili s Kolskogo pіvostrova (Murmanska region. Russie). Ostannіmi rokami in zv'yazku іz digit fіnansovimi trudnoschami in kraїnі sirovina postachaєtsya regularly i have Malih obsyagah scho Yea odnієyu s reasons rіzkogo skorochennya virobnitstva good. A vtіm in Ukraїnі Je realnі geologіchnі i ekonomіchnі peredumovi for vikoristannya svoїh sirovinnih bases fosforitіv (Especially Krolevetskogo rodovischa Sumskoї region.) I apatitіv. Fosfornі dobriva vigotovlyayut takozh i in Marіupolі іz Thomas shlakіv scho їh otrimuyut s fosforomіstkih kerchenskih zalіznih ores from protsesі virobnitstva domain.

Virobnitstvo kalіynih Welcome rozvivaєtsya in moody at Kalushі (Ivano-Frankіvska region.) I Stebnyk (Lviv region.) I mіstsyah vidobutku kalіynih salts, scho yogo obumovlene digit materіalomіstkіstyu. Kalіynі dobriva vigotovlyayut takozh on titanomagnієvomu kombіnatі Zaporіzhzhі in passing s basic virobnitstvom.

Ukraine - the great virobnik sіrchanoї acid i BIEN.

Sіrchana acid - "hlіb" hіmіchnoї promislovostі. Tse s one unіversalnih hіmіkatіv scho vikoristovuєtsya for virobnitstva mіneralnih (phosphoric) that іnshih Welcome acids metalurgіynіy, naftopererobnіy, tekstilnіy that іnshih Galuzo promislovostі. Sіrchana acid - malotransportabelny product and oskіlki її bunt spozhivach - virobnitstvo superphosphate, it nd virobnitstvo sіrchanoї acid zoseredzheno perevazhno centers in pererobki fosfatіv - in Sumy, Kostyantinіvtsі, Vіnnitsі i Odesі. Krіm of її vigotovlyayut in Gorlіvtsі ( "Stirol") Dnіprodzerzhinsku ( "Nitrogen") koksohіmіchnih plants Donbas i Pridnіprov'ya. Sirovinoyu for vigotovlennya sіrki Mauger Buti whether rechovina yak, scho її mіstit Natural sіrka, sіrchanі pyrites, sіrchanistі domіshki scho mіstyatsya from passing gas. In Ukraїnі Je velikі reserves sіrki in Lvіvskіy oblastі on bazі yakih stvorenі gіrnichohіmіchnі pіdpriєmstva in Rozdolі i Yavorovі. In Kostyantinіvtsі sіrchanu acid vigotovlyayut іz sіrchanistih gazіv - pobіchnogo product at viplavtsі zinc. For nayavnostі vіtchiznyanoї sirovini for sіrchanokislotnogo virobnitstva to ostannogo hour-valued її Chastina - sіrchanі pyrites - all slit importation s Urals.

For virobnitstva BIEN vikoristovuyut Kitchen sіl, vapnyak i bagato Fuel type (1 m gotovoї produktsії yde 5 cu. M of salt rozsolu i vapnyaku 1.5 tons). Soda virobnitstvo perevazhno skontsentrovane in Donbasі (Lysychansk Slov'yansk i), yaky Got velikі reserves kuhonnoї solі. Neobhіdnі for virobnitstva BIEN vapnyaki vigotovlyuyut bezposeredno nearby soda zavodіv. Close virobnitstvo BIEN Yea i on Krymska soda zavodі in mіstі Chervonoperekopsku scho pratsyuє on salts Sivashskih lakes. Produkciya sodovoї promislovostі (i kaltsinovana causticity soda bіkarbonati) widely vikoristovuєtsya in Sklyanov virobnitstvі, milovarnіy, paperovіy, farmatsevtichnіy, harchovіy promislovostі for pobutovih potreb population.

Provіdne Location in strukturі hіmіchnoї promislovostі Ukraine in Zaporizhya chasi was posіdati virobnitstvo polіmernih materіalіv: are synthetic resins, rіznomanіtnih plastmas, is synthetic fiber toscho. Virobnitstvo Tse Duzhe folding. For Demba vikoristovuєtsya-valued Quantity spetsіalno viroblenoї vuglevodnevoї sirovini, elektroenergії heat i Bodi.

Sintetichnі Smalley i plastmas vigotovlyayutsya in rayonі znahodzhennya sirovini in Donbasі (Gorlіvka, Sєverodonetsk, Donetsk, Rubіzhne) in Pridnіprov'ї (Dnіprodzerzhinsk, Dnipropetrovs'k, Zaporіzhzhya) in Cherkassy, Odesі toscho. Sintetichnі pitches - Velma transportable product. Pong ydut on virobnitstvo is synthetic fibers.

Sintetichnі resin scho vigotovlyayutsya in Ukraїnі and takozh perevazhno privіzna Pulp vikoristovuyutsya for virobnitstva hіmіchnih fibers. Tse virobnitstvo harakterizuєtsya pіdvischenoyu trudomіstkіstyu i zoseredzhene in areas zabezpechenih good human resources, kotrі, yak usually Je th regіonami tekstilnoї promislovostі. Hіmіchnі fiber vigotovlyayut in Kiєvі, Chernіgovі, Cherkassy, ​​Zhitomirі, Sokalі (Lvіvskoї region.). Priblizno tretina hіmіchnih fibers, scho vigotovlyayutsya in kraїnі, vikoristovuєtsya on tehnіchnі required. Bіlsha chastka hіmіchnih Je fibers are synthetic.

On osnovі vikoristannya polіmernih materіalіv in kraїnі rozvinuta gumovo-azbestova promislovіst. In її skladі vidіlyaєtsya Schinne virobnitstvo scho Yea great spozhivachem is synthetic rubber, hіmіchnih fibers sazhі. Vono tіsno pov'yazane s mashinobuduvannyam, Especially s avtomobіlnoyu promislovіstyu - bunt spozhivachem tires. Svoge virobnitstva rubber in Ukraїnі Absent, vіn іmportuєtsya s Russie, s rayonіv Povolzhzhya, Urals, Sibіru. Tehnіchna soot - vazhlivy component virobnitstva gumi, scho vigotovlyaєtsya i s natural passing gazіv in Dashavі, Kremenchutsі, Stahanovі. Naybіlshі pіdpriєmstva gumovo-azbestovoї promislovostі - shinny plant in Dnіpropetrovsku i Bіlotserkіvsky plant gumovo-tehnіchnih virobіv. Pіdpriєmstva tsієї the Branch Je takozh in Harkovі, Kiєvі, Zaporіzhzhі, Odesі, Berdyansku toscho.

Ukraine - digit virobnik lakіv i farb. We passed її chastka becomes 25% tsієї produktsії kolishnogo Radyans'ka Union. Sirovinoyu for її virobnitstva Je prirodnі resins, oils roslinnі, sintetichnі materіali. Assortment produktsії scho vigotovlyaєtsya, dostatno wide: antikorozіynі i i dekorativnі varnishes Farben rozchinniki, resins toscho. Main Chastain tsієї produktsії vigotovlyayut in Donbasі (Lugansk, Donetsk) i Pridnіprov'ї (Dnipropetrovs'k, Krivoy Rog). Virobnitstvo lakіv i farb Je takozh in Kiєvі, Harkovі, Kremenchutsі, Lvovі, Borislavі, Ivano-Frankіvsku, Odesі, Sіmferopolі. On vіdhodah koksohіmіchnogo virobnitstva rozvivaєtsya great anіlіnofarbna promislovіst scho vigotovlyaє barvniki for tekstilnoї, vzuttєvoї, polіgrafіchnoї promislovostі. Її head center - Rubіzhne (Luhansk region.). Anіlіnovі barvniki vigotovlyayut takozh Gorlіvsky koksohіmіchny i ​​Sivashsky anіlіnofarbnі Creek. Target bike virobnitstvo optichnih vіdbіlyuvachіv, visokoyakіsnih pіgmentіv. At great mіstah scho toil znachnі NAUKOVO-doslіdnі mortgage rozvinuta hіmіko-farmatsevtichna promislovіst. Її centers - Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Kharkiv, Poltava, Luhansk, Lviv, Odessa.

In tsіlomu hіmіchna promislovіst Nabeul rozvitku ekonomіchnih access in all regions of Ukraine. On tsomu Especially tlі slіd vіdmіtiti Donetsk, Pridnіprovsky i ekonomіchnі Carpathian area. Naypotuzhnіshy s them - Donetsk region. Yogo chastka becoming Ponad tretinu hіmіchnoї produktsії scho vigotovlyaєtsya in kraїnі. Here Especially virіznyaєtsya Luhansk region s naybіlshim in kraїnі Lysychansk-Rubіzhanskim Promyslova vuzlom hіmіchnoї spetsіalіzatsії.

In Donetskіy oblastі vidіlyaєtsya Gorlіvsko-Slov'yansky Promyslova vuzol. In furrows Pridnіprov'ya hіmіchna promislovіst Nabeul rozvitku in Dnіpropetrovskіy oblastі (Dnіpropetrovsko-Dnіprodzerzhinsky Promyslova vuzol) Lvіvskіy oblastі (Lvіvsky, Drogobitsky, Novodvorіvsky i Chervonogradsko-Sokalsky promislovі center) i Ivano-Frankіvskіy oblastі (Kalusky i Ivano-Frankіvsky promislovі center). Dobre rozvinuta hіmіchna promislovіst in Kiєvі, Chernіgovі, Cherkassy, ​​Zhitomirі, Rіvnomu, Vіnnitsі that Sumskіy oblastі (i Shostka Sumy), close Odes i Avtonomnoї Respublіki Cream (Sivashsky Promyslova center).