home Other disciplines Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

3. Structure of the I TERITORІALNA ORGANІZATSІYA LІSOPROMISLOVOGO COMPLEX UKRAINY

The basis of the PBL Ukraine becoming lіsove Gospodarstwa. Vono vivchaє, Veda Obl_k i spend robot schodo zberezhennya lіsіv, posilyuє їhnі korisnі prirodnі vlastivostі, zabezpechuє rozshirene vіdtvorennya that polіpshennya їhnoї of Quality, pіdvischennya produktivnostі and takozh spriyaє ratsіonalnomu vikoristannyu land lіsovogo fund i nevisnazhlivomu koristuvannyu lіsom for zabezpechennya require of derevinі that іnshіy lіsovіy produktsії . Basics of lіsovogo Gospodarstwa viznacheno vіdpovіdnimi zakonodavchimi acts (lіsove zakonodavstvo, lіsovy Code of Ukraine). For lіsovogo Gospodarstwa Ukraine harakternі zahisny that zahisno-Promyslova eg reference. Zagotіvlyu Dereviny in order koristuvannya head cutting furrows in the conductive rozrahunkovoї lіsosіki, while cutting vedennі doglyadu for lіsom - vihodyachi s neobhіdnostі polіpshennya breed warehouse that lіsіv of Quality. Lіsove Gospodarstwa rozvinuto perevazhno Ukraine at the Ukrainian Carpathians, on Polіssі in Krymska mountains, lіsostepovіy i chastkovo in stepovіy areas. Osnovnі virobnichі pіdpriєmstva lіsovogo Gospodarstwa - lіsgospzagi that lіsokombіnati.

Lisova promislovіst Ukraine - sukupnіst Galuzo i virobnitstv, pіdpriєmstva yakih zdіysnyuyut zagotіvlyu Dereviny, її Complex mehanіchnu, hіmіko-mehanіchnu that hіmіchnu obrobku i pererobku. In її galuzevіy strukturі vidіlyayut lіsozagotіvelnu, derevoobrobnu i lіsohіmіchnu promislovіst.

Lіsozagotіvelna promislovіst conduct lіsosіchnі robot vivozit i splavlyaє Dereviny that zdіysnyuє її Pervin obrobku. Її produktsієyu Je dіlova Dereviny (vikoristovuyut in lіsopilyannі, plywood, pulp virobnitstvі Tarn i have budіvnitstvі, gіrnichodobuvnіy promislovostі), firewood (vikoristovuyut yak palivo) and takozh sirovina for lіsohіmіchnoї promislovostі.

Osnovnі lіsozagotіvelnі areas of Ukraine - Ukrainian Carpathians (Ivano-Frankіvska Zakarpats'ka oblastі i) i Polissya (Volins'ka, Zhytomyrska, Kyivska, Chernіgіvska oblastі). Obsyag lіsozagotіvel in Ukraїnі in 1997 p. . Becomes 10.5 million m3, in addition chislі 9.2 million m3 -. Dіlovoї Dereviny.

In lіsozagotіvelnіy promislovostі Ukraine perevazhayut kompleksnі kombіnovanі pіdpriєmstva - lіsgospzagi (in the Carpathians - lіsokombіnati, SSMSC, krіm lіsogospodarskoї i lіsozagotіvelnoї dіyalnostі, zdіysnyuyut factory-zavodsku pererobku Dereviny). Chastain Dereviny zagotovlyayut in lіsovomu gospodarstvі (cutting doglyadu sanіtarnі i). We harvested Lisi perevazhaє Dereviny coniferous porіd (Smereka, pine).

Derevoobrobna promislovіst zdіysnyuє pererobku Dereviny th vigotovlyaє s neї wide assortment materіalіv, napіvfabrikatіv i virobіv Ready for th national population Gospodarstwa. Vaughn ob'єdnuє rіznі for materіalomіstkіstyu virobnitstva. Odnі s them (plywood, mebleva) vіdznachayutsya temple Pete vagoyu vitrat sirovini on vigotovlennya produktsії i Duzhe great virobnichimi vіdhodami, INSHI - vikoristannyam vіdhodіv (chips, sawdust) i peretvorennyam їh in tsіnnu produktsіyu (stove). Several derevoobrobnih Galuzo (mebleva parquet) is widely vikoristovuyut tsіnnu Dereviny oak, beech, gorіha that іn.

Osoblivіstyu derevoobrobnoї promislovostі Je spozhivannya in velikіy kіlkostі hіmіchnoї produktsії (karbamіdnі resins, varnishes i Farben, Plastics, hіmіchnі fiber that іn.). Proektuvannya i virobnitstvo meblіv potrebuє takozh visokoї estetichnoї culture. Tse types of "mіska" Galuzo derevoobrobki. The main types of produktsії derevoobrobnoї promislovostі Je pilomaterіali, derevnі plate for potreb budіvnitstva, i detalі blanks of carriages, cars, sudnobuduvannya and takozh mashinobudіvna derev'yana packaging Mebli that іn. Sirovinna base derevoobrobnoї promislovostі Ukraine skladaєtsya s mіstsevoї Dereviny, yak zagotovlyayut in lіsah, that dovіznoї Dereviny s Russie. Especially tsіnnіst becoming mіstseva Dereviny (hvoynі that tverdolistyanі rocks), yak widely vikoristovuєtsya in meblevіy promislovostі at vigotovlennі muzichnih іnstrumentіv that sports іnventaryu. Dovіzna Dereviny zadovolnyaє required in sirovinі at virobnitstvі masovoї produktsії derevoobrobki.

Obrobka Dereviny yak Galuzo promislovostі Pocha rozvivatisya in Ukraїnі drugіy polovinі in the XVIII century., If vinikli Pershi lіsopilnі Creek. On Ukraїnі at 1913 p. dіyalo 274 lіsopilno-derevoobrobnih pіdpriєmstva. Tse boule perevazhno privatnі maysternі, zasnovanі on ruchnіy pratsі. Traditsіyno pіdpriєmstva derevoobrobnoї promislovostі rozmіschenі in mіstsyah zoseredzhennya lіsosirovinnih resursіv - on Polіssі have Peredkarpattі i Zakarpattі.

Lіsopilne virobnitstvo submission of such centers: Berehomet (Chernіvetska region), Chernivtsi, Nadvіrna, Vigoda, Rozhnyatіv (Ivano-Frankіvska region) Rahіv, Teresva (Zakarpats'ka region), however, striae, Turk (Lviv region) Kovel, Kamіn-Kashirsky ( Volins'ka region) Kostopіl, Sarney (Rіvnenska region), Ovruch, Korosten, Malin (Zhytomyrska oblast). In 1996 r. virobnitstvo pilomateralіv in Ukraїnі becomes 2.3 million m3 (1985 p -. 7.6 million m3.).

Main galuzzyu derevoobrobnoї promislovostі Ukraine Je mebleva, pіdpriєmstva yakoї viroblyayut Mebli for zhitlovih, cultural pobutovih, admіnіstrativnih that іnshih Gromadska primіschen. Visoka kontsentratsіya virobnitstva meblіv sklalasya in Zakarpatskіy, Ivano-Frankіvskіy, Chernіvetskіy areas SSMSC vigotovlyayut Ponad 25% zagalnoї kіlkostі meblіv. In іnshih regіonah oseredkami meblevogo virobnitstva Je oblasnі center. Naybіlshimi pіdpriєmstvami meblevoї promislovostі Je Svalyavsky, Hustsky (Zakarpats'ka region) Bolehіvsky i Broshnіvsky (Ivano-Frankіvska region) Teresnyansky (Zakarpats'ka region) Chernіvetsky, Brovarsky (Kyivska oblast) derevoobrobnі kombіnati; dnіpropetrovskі "Dnіpromeblі" vivs'ki "Karpati", Ivano-Frankіvska, Chernіvetska, Zaporizka meblevі factory; Mukachіvsky, Beregіvsky, Prikarpatsky, Snyatinsky, Vіnnitsky, Dnіpropetrovsky, Kіrovogradsky, Drogobitsky, Sumsky meblevі kombіnati.

Sered spetsіalіzovanih of companies on virobnitstvu meblіv vidіlyaєtsya Ivano-Frankіvska, Zhytomyrska, Kyivska іmenі VN Bozhenko meblevі factory and takozh Drogobitsky, Lvіvsky, Molochansk meblevі kombіnati.

W vіdhodіv lіsovoї i derevoobrobnoї promislovostі Ukraine viroblyayut derevnostruzhkovі i derevnovoloknistі plate (Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovs'k, Odessa, Svaliava, Drohobych, Malin, Chernіgіv, Kovel, Sarney that іn.).

Pulp and paperova promislovіst ob'єdnuє pіdpriєmstva, SSMSC s roslinnoї sirovini viroblyayut Papir, cardboard that virobi s them, piece fiber fіbru i napіvfabrikati (village masu), Pulp. The basic sirovina Leader - Dereviny coniferous porіd that vіdhodi її obrobіtku, Mensch mіroyu - straw, hemp Kostritsa that Llona, ​​stems bavovniku, Ocheret, rogіz, waste paper i ganchіr'ya. Produktsіyu pulp and paperovoї promislovostі vikoristovuyut mayzhe access in all Galuzo national Gospodarstwa that in pobutі.

On teritorії Ukraine Vpershe paperove virobnitstvo viniklo in the XVII century. Bіlshіst sporudzheno of companies in XVIII-XIX Art. In 1913 r. vzhe pratsyuvalo 43 pіdpriєmstva. Naybіlshі s they have boule rozmіschenі Ponіntsі, Slavutі, Malinі, Roganі. Ninі pulp and paperova promislovіst Ukraine consists of 25 great pіdpriєmstvami, Sereda yakih vidіlyayutsya: Malinska i Dnipropetrovs'ka paperovі factory Ponіnkіvsky paperovy kombіnat, Kherson Pulp and paperovy that Іzmaїlsky pulp Creek, Zhidachіvsky cardboard paperovy kombіnat, Koryukіvska tehnіchnogo Paper the factory. In Ukraїnі vigotovlyayut Ponad 50 vidіv Paper the i blizko 20 vidіv cardboard. In 1997, p. virobleno 103 tis. t Paper the (1985 p -. 299 tonnes tis.) i 188 yew. t cardboard (1985 p -. 105 tonnes tis.).

Lіsohіmіchna promislovіst vklyuchaє: pіrogenetichne (dry distillation Dereviny) kanіfolno, turpentine, resin, turpentine, coniferous efіrne that dogte-dens virobnitstva. Sirovinoyu for lіsohіmіchnoї promislovostі Je firewood listyanih porіd, s yakih pіrolіzom oderzhuyut vugіllya village otstovі powder that acid, methyl alcohol, formalіn, rozchinniki, flotatsіynі oil karbamіdnі resin. Pine resin pine i Pniewy osmolarity vikoristovuyutsya for vigotovlennya kanіfolі, turpentine that efіrnoї olії; oak bark - for the tanning-ekstraktnogo virobnitstva. Produktsіyu lіsohіmіchnoї promislovostі zastosovuyut in hіmіchnіy, metalurgіynіy i harchovіy promislovostі. In Ukraїnі lіsohіmіchnі promisli vіdomі s XII century. (I smolokurіnnya vuglevipalyuvannya on Polіssі) pіznіshe on Polіssі that in the Carpathians rozvivalosya virobnitstvo potash, yaky vikoristovuvali yak mіneralne dobrivo. Zavodska lіsohіmіya vinikla drugіy polovinі in the XIX century. - On the cob XX century. In 1923-1924 pp. in Ukraїnі Vpershe organіzovano Promyslova pіdsochuvannya pine, and at 1934 p. introduced in Kiev The dіyu hіmіchny kombіnat s kanіfolno-virobnitstvom turpentine. Osnovnі centerand lіsohіmії: Kyiv, Korosten (Zhytomyrska oblast), Great Bichkіv, Svalyava, Perechyn (Ivano-Frankіvska region). In gіrskih, polіskih i lіsostepovih areas rozvivaєtsya pererobka hvoї on coniferous vіtamіnne Boroshnev, efіrnu olіyu, hlorofіlokarotinovu paste toscho and takozh pererobka pine pnіv on kanіfol i turpentine.

Gіdrolіzna promislovіst ob'єdnuє pіdpriєmstva, SSMSC by gіdrolіzu Dereviny th neharchovoї roslinnoї sirovini viroblyayut etilovy alcohol kormovі drіzhdzhі, glucose is the ksilіt, organіchnі acid lіgnіn that іn. Sirovinoyu Je Tirso that INSHI vіdhodi derevoobrobnoї promislovostі, podrіbnena Dereviny, bavovnyana that sonyashnikova husk, kukurudzyanі swinging, straw hlіbnih zlakіv, llyana Kostritsa. Galuzo kooperuєtsya s olіyno fats th Canning that іnshimi virobnitstvami lіsovoї, i derevoobrobnoї pulp and paperovoї promislovostі. Before the Branch of companies tsієї nalezhat Verhnodnіprovsky gіdrolіzno-furfural plant, plant for virobnitstvu gіdrolіznih fodder drіzhdzhіv s neharchovoї sirovini on Bєlgorod-Dnіstrovskіy kartonnіy fabritsі, Zaporіzky gіdrolіzno-drіzhdzhovy plant voznesensk (Mikolaїvska region) Vіnnitsky, Slov'yansky (Donec'ka region) that Vasilkіvsky (Kyivska oblast) drіzhdzhovі Creek.