home Other disciplines Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

6. Problems that prospect ROZVITKU ZOVNІSHNOEKONOMІCHNIH ZV'YAZKІV UKRAINY

Problems of pіdvischennya efektivnostі zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki powers carols on Suchasnyj etapі vinyatkovogo values.

Tse pov'yazano on au-Perche, s next faktorіv vnutrіshnogo nature: znahodzhennyam Economy Kraina on perehіdnomu etapі to rinkovoї Sistemi gospodaryuvannya, yak is staying in situatsії ob'єktivnoї nezbalansovanostі structuring Economy i її povіlnoї strukturnoї perebudovi; nadmіrnoyu energo- i resursoєmnіstyu Galuzo national Gospodarstwa; nizkoyu konkurentospromozhnіstyu natsіonalnogo virobnitstva; postupovim zanepadom NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo i visokotehnologіchnogo Promyslova potentsіalіv that іn.

In another, Tse obumovleno system zovnіshnіh faktorіv: nadmіrnoyu (od 20 to 90%) Economy of Ukraine zalezhnіstyu od monopoly іmportnih rinkіv postachannya strategіchno vazhlivih trademark pozitsіy (energonosіїv, sirovinnih that іnshih materіalnih resursіv) for zhittєvo vazhlivih Galuzo virobnitstva; nayavnіstyu tisyach of companies of Ukrainian, zadіyanih in virobnichih cycles kіntseva Produkciya yakih viroblyaєtsya mezhami for Ukraine; TEMPLE zalezhnіstyu structural processes that tehnologіchnogo reformuvannya Economy of Ukraine od rіznih forms zovnіshnіh Jerel fіnansuvannya; vіdsutnіstyu rozvinutoї zovnіshnotorgovelnoї іnfrastrukturi (іnformatsіynoї, zakonodavchoї, marketingovoї, organіzatsіynoї, treyderskoї, bіrzhovoї, vistavochnoї, reklamnoї toscho); zberіgannyam With Ukraine the status of "torgovelnogo outsider" at svіtovіy torgіvlі through vіdsutnіst Povny chi asotsіyovanogo membership in Svіtovіy organіzatsії torgіvlі (COT), Єvropeyskomu Soyuzі (ЄS), Central Єvropeyskіy asotsіatsії vіlnoї torgіvlі (CEFTA) that іnshih torgovelno-іntegratsіynih ugrupovannyah Sistemi GATT / COT, and through tse Slabko konkurentozahischenіstyu zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі Ukraine in the minds zhorstkoї konkurentnoї Borotba on mіzhnarodnih Rink tovarіv, kapіtalіv i poslug; Pevnyi vise іnshih kraїn on zovnіshnoekonomіchnu dіyalnіst Ukraine through pryamі that pobіchnі FORMS rіznomanіtnih torgovelnih, іnvestitsіynih torgovelno-Standard, fіtosanіtarnih, tehnologіchnih i fіnansovih obmezhen.

The prospect of that osnovnі eg away rozvitku zovnіshnіh ekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv Ukraine s urahuvannyam їh svіtovoї i regіonalnoї geopolіtichnoї structuring shaping can Buti viznachenі such rank.

Kraina LICs i Baltії

Prіoritetnim zavdannyam for Ukraine Je zabezpechennya vzaєmovigіdnih i stabіlnih ekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv s kraїnami LICs, SSMSC utvorili Ekonomіchny Union, that s kraїnami Baltії. Through stvorennya minds for efektivnosti torgovelnih vіdnosin s tsimi kraїnami mozhna priskoriti dosyagnennya stabіlіzatsії in vіtchiznyanomu virobnitstvі. Prote aktualnіst rozvitku Tsikh vіdnosin not zmenshuvatime values ​​rozvitku ekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv s іnshimi kraїnami svitu.

Zovnіshnoekonomіchnі zv'yazki s tsієyu GROUP kraїn will rozvivatisya perevazhno on dvostoronnіy osnovі s odnochasnim vdoskonalennyam torgovelnih rezhimіv in ambushes vzaєmnoї rіvnostі i spryamovuvatimutsya on:

• polіpshennya torgovelnogo s regime Rosіyskoyu Federatsієyu;
• prodovzhennya i vdoskonalennya rіznih forms torgovelno-ekonomіchnih, kooperatsіynih, іnvestitsіynih dvostoronnіh stosunkіv s іnshimi kraїnami - members Mitnija Union (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Bіlorus);
• pogliblennya torgovelnih that іnshih forms ekonomіchnih vіdnosin s kraїnami, SSMSC not Je members Mitnija Union (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Gruzіya, Vіrmenіya); stvorennya for participation Tsikh kraїn consignment lіnіy s mіnіmalnim vikoristannyam transit teritorіy tretoї Kraina (across the sea - zalіznitsya - avtotransportnі and Roads);
• rozvitok i pogliblennya rіznobіchnogo torgovelno-ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva s Moldova Shlyakhov obopіlnoї realіzatsії usіh perevag lands about vіlnu torgіvlyu dvostoronnogo Mitnija Union;
• zabezpechennya stabіlnih supplies up Ukraine in the minds vzaєmovigіdnih palivno-sirovinnih tovarіv vіdpovіdno to potreb national Gospodarstwa. W tsієyu metoyu vzhivatimutsya come in for zbіlshennya eksportu ukrajins'koho kapіtalu, nasampered in formі direct іnvestuvannya vіdpovіdnih of companies that naftogazodobuvnoї gіrnichodobuvnoї promislovostі kraїn LICs, osvoєnnya roztashovanih on їhnіh teritorіyah okremih rodovisch on osnovі kontsesіy;
• stvorennya spіlnih of companies, transnatsіonalnih kompanіy, spetsіalіzovanih i co-operative virobnitstv on bazі lands about spіlnu dіyalnіst;
• vіdnovlennya i zmіtsnennya virobnichih zv'yazkіv on kooperatsії on bazі traditsіynoї vnutrіshno that mіzhgaluzevoї spetsіalіzatsії; formuvannya i novih rozvitok zv'yazkіv on osnovі spіlnogo vikoristannya Progressive tehnologіy;
• rozvitok directly dogovіrnih ekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv s okremimi sub'єktami (regіonami) Rosіyskoї Federatsії, nasampered s such yak Tyumen, Komі, Karelіya, Yakutіya, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Far Skhid de zoseredzheno palivno-energetichnі resources SSMSC stanovlyat іnteres for traditsіynogo eksportu Ukraine;
• zabezpechennya konkurentospromozhnostі traditsіynih vіtchiznyanih tovarіv (produktsії agropromislovogo complex i chornoї metalurgії, cars, ustatkuvannya) on Rink kraїn LICs i Baltії; zbіlshennya stage іntegratsії s kraїnami Baltії Shlyakhov stvorennya minds for efektivnoї realіzatsії regime vіlnoї torgіvlі that posilennya through tsі zv'yazki torgovelno-ekonomіchnih vіdnosin s kraїnami Tsentralnoї i Pіvnіchnoї Єvropi.

Kraina Єvropeyskogo Union

Rozvitok vіdnosin s ЄS in dovgostrokovіy perspektivі, looking around at geopolіtichny h, i geoekonomіchny іstorichny єvropeysky status of Ukraine, Got one zalishatisya s prіoritetіv zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki Ukraine. Metoyu rozvitku zovnіshnoekonomіchnih vіdnosin Ukraine s ЄS Je zabezpechennya ekonomіchnoї іntegratsії Gospodarstwa Ukraine in zagalnoєvropeysky ekonomіchny Prostir. Tse digit mіroyu deposits od realіzatsії PROVISIONS lands about a partnership that spіvrobіtnitstvo mіzh ЄS i With Ukraine that Timchasovoї lands about torgіvlyu.

Main prіoritetami toil Why:

• transformatsіya polіtichnogo viznachennya Ukraine yak powers s perehіdnoyu ekonomіkoyu to Yurydychna zakrіplennya її status in zakonodavstvі ЄS s metoyu otrimannya vіdpovіdnih torgovelno-ekonomіchnih, fіnansovo and credit, іnvestitsіynih preferentsіy;
• rozshirennya access of Ukrainian tovarіv, zokrema such vazhlivih, yak textiles, Produkciya metalurgіynoї promislovostі that sіlskogo Gospodarstwa on єvropeyskі markets Agricultural Art;
• pіdtrimka efektivnosti natsіonalnih tovarovirobnikіv Shlyakhov vdoskonalennya mіzhnarodno legal mehanіzmu Zahist їh іnteresіv, zokrema through ukladennya vіdpovіdnih galuzevih land; znyattya іsnuyuchih bar'єrіv in torgіvlі that pogliblennya virobnichoї kooperatsії;
• garmonіzatsіya ekonomіchnogo zakonodavstva vіdpovіdno to standartіv Єvropeyskogo Union that svіtovoї Sistemi torgіvlі GATT / COT s urahuvannyam natsіonalnih ekonomіchnih іnteresіv i spetsifіki Economy of Ukraine.
• Basic Etap on the high road nabuttya With Ukraine povnopravnogo membership ЄS Got Why stvorennya ekonomіchnih i Legal peredumov for cob peregovorіv about stvorennya Zoni vіlnoї torgіvlі mіzh ЄS With Ukraine that.

Kraina "Velikoї sіmki"

Rozvitku vіdnosin s tsієyu GROUP naybіlsh rozvinutih kraїn pridіlyatimetsya-valued uwagi, oskіlki the Same stink Yea potentsіyno nayvazhlivіshimi postachalnikami novih i tehnologіy visokotehnologіchnih virobіv and takozh naypotuzhnіshim Jerel іnvestitsіy.

Prіoriteti spіvrobіtnitstva s s chotirma them (Velikobritanіya, Іtalіya, Frantsіya, Zittau) zbіgayutsya s їh viznachennyam stosovno kraїn ЄS.

Rozvitok zv'yazkіv h i US Canada Got Booty spryamovany nasampered on realіzatsіyu i rozvitok quiet lands i domovlenostey, SSMSC boule dosyagnutі protyagom pp 1994-1996, and the Same.:

• transformatsіya polіtichnogo viznachennya Ukraine Kraina yak s perehіdnoyu ekonomіkoyu in Yurydychna s status otrimannyam usіh preferentsіy scho tsogo viplivayut s;
• otrimannya postіynogo i povnoosyazhnogo status naybіlsh spriyatlivoї natsії (MFN) s metoyu zapobіgannya diskrimіnatsіynih obmezhen in torgіvlі;
• vregulyuvannya power schodo obmezhennya access number tovarіv ukrajins'koho pohodzhennya on pіvnіchnoamerikansky rinok (metal, ferroalloys, yadernі materіali, toscho textiles).

Spіvrobіtnitstvo s Yaponієyu spryamovuvatimetsya in Perche Cherga on zaluchennya іnvestitsіy at Ti efektivnі the Branch, de UKRAINE zdatna Braty fate in zagalnosvіtovіy spetsіalіzatsії (zokrema, elektrozvaryuvalna tehnіka, shtuchnі diamonds nadtverdі materіali, okremі rіdkіsnozemelnі methane), and takozh on spіlne Venue of NAUKOVO-tehnіchnih doslіdzhen i vprovadzhennya їh rezultatіv in virobnitstvo.

Dotsіlno rozvivati ​​spіvrobіtnitstvo actively within the global NAUKOVO-tehnіchnih proektіv, SSMSC zdіysnyuyutsya "sіmkoyu" on osnovі mіzhnarodnoї kooperatsії, in addition chislі in areas Energetics agropromislovogo complex, space, ekologії, receptionists Health Protection, Transport, zv'yazku, іnformatiki fundamentally Sciences.

Kraina Tsentralnoї Єvropi

Structure of Economy of Ukraine is the kraїn tsogo regіonu (Poland, Slovachchina, Chehіya, Ugorschina, Bolgarіya, Rumunіya, FRY Horvatіya, Makedonіya, Slovenіya, Albanіya) molded vіdpovіdno to vimog kolishnoї REV. Tse obumovlyuє neobhіdnіst spіvpratsі mіzh them away stvorennyam h zones vіlnoї torgіvlі s naybіlsh rozvinutimi kraїnami regіonu, nasampered s kraїnami Central єvropeyskoї asotsіatsії vіlnoї torgіvlі.

Zovnіshnoekonomіchna polіtika Ukraine stosovno tsієї groupies kraїn guilty peredovsіm peredbachiti vіdnovlennya such prіoritetіv:

• efektivnosti traditsіynih zv'yazkіv, mіzhnarodnoї spetsіalіzatsії i kooperuvannya, zokrema in metalurgії, transport i sіlskogospodarskomu mashinobuduvannі, hіmіchnіy that legkіy promislovostі;
• ratsіonalnih kontaktіv sferі in science i tehnіki, Especially s problems rozroblennya materіalіv novih i tehnologіy, bіotehnologії, problems fіziki nizkih temperatures yadernoї fіziki toscho.

Prospective directly spіvrobіtnitstva Got becoming involved in spіlnih konferentsіyah, programs.

Derzhavna polіtika in prikordonnih areas stimulyuvatime rozvitok prіoritetnih napryamіv zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі s metoyu vikoristannya vigіdnogo roztashuvannya prikordonnih teritorіy. Main directly transkordonnogo spіvrobіtnitstva camp zdіysnennya obmіnu goods that robochem power, koordinatsіya robіt in sferі receptionists navkolishnogo natural seredovischa, spіlnogo vikoristannya іnfrastrukturnih ob'єktіv, іnformatsіynogo obmіnu toscho.

Kraina Chornomorskoї Zoni ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva (BSEC)

Krіm kraїn Zoni BSEC, scho incoming to LICs that ЄS, Ukraine actively spіvpratsyuє s Turechchinoyu s metoyu vihodu at the market kraїn Blizkogo converges for zabezpechennya diversifіkatsії Jerel nadhodzhennya naftoproduktіv and takozh іmportu for legkoї promislovostі.

Zavdannya zovnіshnoї ekonomіchnoї polіtiki Ukraine stosovno Bolgarії that Rumunії perevazhno zberіgatimutsya zgіdno s viznachenimi zavdannyami schodo vіdnosin s kraїnami Tsentralnoї Єvropi. Krіm of spіvrobіtnitstvo s Bolgarієyu that Rumunієyu matim vazhlive values ​​for rozvitku pridunayskoї torgіvlі.

Sered zahodіv scho spriyatimut stvorennyu peredumov for plіdnogo spіvrobіtnitstva within BSEC Je takі, abo Yak podolannya znizhennya Mitnija bar'єrіv, ukladennya mіzhderzhavnih lands about priberezhnoї torgіvlі mode stvorennya bagatostoronnoї Sistemi rozrahunkіv s vikoristannyam spіlnogo mіzhderzhavnogo bank vіdpovіdnih kraїn, stvorennya number of coastal spetsіalnih ( vіlnih) locally ekonomіchnih zones.

Kraina Blizkogo that Serednogo Immediately

Aktivіzatsіya ekonomіchnih stosunkіv s Lіvanom, Kuwait Turechchinoyu, Єgiptom, Sirієyu, Saudіvskoyu Aravієyu, Ob'єdnanimi Arabic Emіratami that іnshimi kraїnami regіonu Got great significance s point Zora zabezpechennya Economy of Ukraine alternative Jerel energonosіїv that fіnansovimi "Portfolio" іnvestitsіyami. Regіon takozh Mauger Why should great spozhivachem іnzhenerno-tehnіchnih poslug Ukraine on sporudzhennyu Promyslova that tsivіlnih ob'єktіv, transportnoї i komunalnoї structure. For Pevnyi minds dotsіlno bude spіvrobіtnichati in rozvitku transkontinentalnoї transport system that zv'yazku. Vivazhena polіtika allowed Ukrainian pіdpriєmstvam vіyskovo-Promyslova complex will ultimately neobhіdnі for konversії Costa od torgіvlі vіyskovoyu tehnіkoyu, ozbroєnnyam she Repair Hotel.

Іndіya, China

Іndіya that China Yea one іz bunt sub'єktіv mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі for Ukraine. Ale away zbіlshennya masshtabіv trading operatsіy guilty dopovnyuvatisya rozvitkom virobnichoї kooperatsії s efektivnosti vikoristannyam fіnansovo-ekonomіchnih mozhlivostey China deshevoї sirovini for legkoї, harchovoї hіmіchnoї promislovostі i - s Іndії and takozh NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo potentsіalu Ukraine. Neobhіdnim Je search Search for rezervіv digit zbіlshennya eksportu ukraїnskoї produktsії mashinobuduvannya i advanced tehnologіy on vzaєmovigіdnіy osnovі, nasampered for rekonstruktsії ob'єktіv, sporudzhenih for chasіv kolishnogo CPCP.

V'єtnam, Іndonezіya that novі іndustrіalnі Kraina Azії

V'єtnam, Іndonezіya that Kraina Pіvdenno-Shіdnoї Azії - potentsіynі partner for nashoї Economy in XXI stolіttі. Pong shaping can Why digit Rink for torgіvlі machine-tehnіchnoyu produktsієyu for nadannya іnzhenerno-tehnіchnih poslug, pіdgotovki kadrіv toscho. UKRAINE Mauger Braty fate in realіzatsії digit іnvestitsіynogo kapіtalu scho spryamovuєtsya on budіvnitstvo great ob'єktіv energetichnogo that Promyslova priznachennya.

One s napryamіv rozvitku ekonomіchnih vіdnosin guilty Why spіvrobіtnitstvo, pov'yazane іz vprovadzhennyam in vіtchiznyane virobnitstvo Suchasnyj NAUKOVO-tehnіchnih dosyagnen s spіlnim vihodom the following at the market tretіh kraїn s visokotehnologіchnoyu produktsієyu.

Poshiryuvatimetsya zaluchennya up Ukraine in іnozemnih іnvestitsіy, zbіlshuvatimutsya obsyagi eksportu traditsіynoї produktsії ukraїnskoї promislovostі (metaloprokat, virobi vazhkogo mashinobuduvannya, Verstat serednotehnіchnogo rіvnya, mіneralnі dobriva, іnsha hіmіchna Produkciya) that іmportu porіvnyano cheap, ale visokotehnologіchnih virobіv for virobnichogo i nevirobnichogo vikoristannya.

Brazilіya, Argentina, Chіlі that INSHI Kraina Latinskoї America

Protyagom bagatoh rokіv mіzh With Ukraine that kraїnami Latinoamerikanskogo continent іsnuvali rozgaluzhenі ekonomіchnі zv'yazki (ukraїnska side zdіysnyuvala delivery energoturbіn, traktorіv, ekskavatorіv, avtonavantazhuvachіv, kranіv, Ukrainian fahіvtsі take fate in budіvnitstvі rіznomanіtnih ob'єktіv). Nadalі potrіbno ponoviti i rozshiriti zv'yazki scho іsnuvali ranіshe for prosuvannya of Ukrainian tovarіv latinoamerikanskomu on market analysis.

Vrahovuyuchi zaіnteresovanіst Argentina, Brazilії, Chіlі in realіzatsії svoїh natsіonalnih kosmіchnih program, korisnim vbachaєtsya spіvrobіtnitstvo in sferі obmіnu lіtsenzіyami is the "know-how" in the Branch aerokosmіchnіy.

INSHI Kraina

Sered іnshih kraїn svitu UKRAINE spіvpratsyuvatime i rozshiryuvatime ekonomіchnі zv'yazki s kraїnami Pіvnіchnoї (Єgipet, Morocco, Tunіs that іn.) I Zahіdnoї Africa (zokrema, Gvіneyskoyu Respublіkoyu) s іnshimi Seredzemnomor'ya Arabic powers and takozh s Іzraїlem.

Nabuvatimut away rozvitku ekonomіchnі zv'yazki s Mexico s naftovidobuvnimi kraїnami - Іndonezієyu, Bruneєm, Nіgerієyu, Pіvdenno-Afrikanskoyu Respublіkoyu.

PERSPECTIVE away rozvitku that vdoskonalennya zovnіshnіh ekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv Ukraine pov'yazanі h Carrying єdinoї zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki powers, realіzatsієyu її ekonomіchnih іnteresіv i BEZPEKA, proniknennyam that zmіtsnennyam pozitsіy natsіonalnogo tovarovirobnika on zovnіshnіh Rink tovarіv that poslug, posilennyam konkurentospromozhnostі ukraїnskoї produktsії, zbіlshennyam її eksportu, nadhodzhen іnozemnih іnvestitsіy, zdіysnennyam control over nadhodzhennyam up Ukraine in foreign currency tsіnnostey, i Zahist rights іnteresіv the laws of Ukraine, is the vіtchiznyanih zarubіzhnih sub'єktіv gospodarskoї dіyalnostі.