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Rozmіschennya productive forces i regіonalіstika - Stechenko DM

6.5. Regulyuvannya regіonalnih rinkіv pratsі

Regulyuvannya Rinku pratsі Got Booty organіchno pov'yazane s complex systemic peretvoren, SSMSC stimulyuyut ekonomіchne zrostannya. In zv'yazku s CIM vinikaє Dvi groupies problems: Persha - zagalne pozhvavlennya ekonomіchnoї situatsії that іnvestitsіynoї aktivnostі kapіtalu scho spriyatime rozvitku Sistemi robochem mіsts i zrostannyu required in robochіy silі; other - pіdvischennya spozhivchogo popitu population through vdoskonalennya Sistemi rozpodіlchih vіdnosin, zbіlshennya mozhlivostey for otrimannya dodatkovih dohodіv. Usі come in sovereign regulyuvannya pratsі market analysis, zorієntovanі on virіshennya perelіchenih issues shaping can Buti klasifіkovanі for spryamovanіstyu, character, ob'єktom vplivu that Jerel fіnansuvannya.

In svіtovіy praktitsі poshirenі takі methodological admіnіstrativnogo regulyuvannya zaynyatostі:

zvіlnennya timchasovih pratsіvnikіv; "Frozen" employment;

timchasova chi residual vіdmova od polіtiki rezervuvannya robochem mіsts for vipusknikіv The Teaching zakladіv;

stimulyuvannya peredchasnogo i svoєchasnogo vihodu on pensіyu chi zvіlnennya for Vlasnyi Bazhanov;

polіtika directly zvіlnen.

Vibіr sukupnostі naybіlsh priynyatnih metodіv regulyuvannya zaynyatostі deposits od konkretnoї situatsії scho skladaєtsya on local market analysis pratsі. When tsomu vrahovuyutsya Interests Pevnyi teritorіy, okremih Galuzo i schodo of companies rіvnya i posilennya sovereign vtruchannya in tsі processes through vіdpratsovanі methodological uzgodzhennya іnteresіv sub'єktіv Rinku rіznih ієrarhіchnih rіvnіv. In tsіlomu vibіr optimalnoї polіtiki regulyuvannya Rinku pratsі viznachaєtsya such minds i chinnikami:

іnvestitsіynim potentsіalom, yogo vіdtvoryuvalnoyu structure;

sukupnіstyu robochem mіsts i zmіnami in їh skladі pid vplivom bankrutstv, demonopolіzatsії virobnitstva, privatizatsії vlasnostі;

Minds i demografіchnimi character popovnennya pratsezdatnogo population zaynyatogo in ekonomіtsі th nezaynyatogo, yak pragne pratsyuvati;

Fund benefits zhittєvih i rіvnem penny dohodіv Naiman pratsіvnika;

yakіsnim warehouse robochoї Sealy, fіnansovimi mozhlivostyami suspіlstva, okremih sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya zabezpechiti zrostannya profesіyno-kvalіfіkatsіynogo rіvnya robochoї Seeley.

Main funktsіonalne priznachennya rinkovogo regulyuvannya sphere of labor vіdnosin mozhna viznachiti yak stvorennya ekonomіchnih minds schodo steel i rozshirenogo vіdtvorennya sukupnoї robochoї Sealy on yakіsno new rіvnі. Tse peredusіm peredbachaє: mozhlivіst yakomoga povnіshogo zadovolennya potreb population regіonu in nabuttі osvіtno-profesіynih knowledge, broad alternativnіst Vibor spherical prikladannya pratsі, pevnі sotsіalnі garantії in razі vimushenoї nezaynyatostі. Taqiy pіdhіd taken as the basis otsіnyuvannya zdіysnyuvanih peretvoren i viznachennya napryamіv dosyagnennya efektivnosti vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley.

The actual value of vartostі robochoї Seeley that її dinamіka skladaєtsya pid vplivom complex chinnikіv, VZAYEMODIYA yakih formuє Dvi protilezhnі tendentsії. Persha polyagaє in zrostannі vartostі robochoї Sealy vnaslіdok pіdvischennya іntensivnostі pratsі, ob'єktivnogo rozshirennya potreb pratsіvnikіv in spozhivchih goods i Hotel, rіvnі osvіti that kvalіfіkatsії. In zv'yazku s CIM zbіlshuyutsya suspіlno neobhіdnі vitrati on pіdvischennya profesіyno-osvіtnogo rіvnya robochoї Sealy i yogo bring in vіdpovіdnіst s vimogami onovlenoї materіalno-tehnіchnoї bazi virobnitstva. Friend - Tse znizhennya vartostі robochoї Sealy pid vplivom zrostannya suspіlnoї produktivnostі pratsі. Vrahovuyuchi eg dії chinnikіv, SSMSC viznachayut Dinamіku tsіni robochoї Seeley can dіyti visnovku, scho in Ukraine ekonomіtsі sformuvalisya tendentsії directly to protilezhnі svіtovih.

In ekonomіchno rozvinenih kraїnah Visoka vartіst robochoї Sealy i vіdpovіdna yakіst її rozglyadayutsya yak cephalic peredumova dosyagnennya іntensivnogo rozvitku type. In zv'yazku s CIM postіyno zabezpechuyutsya viperedzhayuchі Tempi zrostannya vkladen in robochem force porіvnyano vitratami s on Main kapіtal. So, Yaponії on the cob 80 rokіv odinitsya kapіtalovkladen koshtuvala 2.4 times dorozhche, nіzh in seredinі 50 rokіv. Cena w robochoї Sealy for Tsey perіod zrosla 15.6 times (at precisely tsіnah). The US vitrati on vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy zbіlshilisya for 1947- 1989 pp. in 5.3 times, and in the main vіdtvorennya kapіtalu 3.7 (in postіynih tsіnah) vidatki science - 13 razіv [43, p. 144-162).

In Ukraїnі Pokey scho no target Visoko koordinovanoї that vseohoplyuyuchoї Sistemi ekonomіchnogo regulyuvannya protsesіv regіonalnogo vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley. However, a simple zapozichennya mehanіzmіv rozvinenogo market analysis for Je dosit unproductive drain zanepadu commodity virobnitstva torn down i yogo materіalno-tehnіchnoї bazi.

PERSPECTIVE dosyagnennya rіvnovazhnogo will tsієї spherical pov'yazuyut s pіdnesennyam commodity virobnitstva, zrostannyam require of a manpower bagatosektornoї Economy, maximum Povny vikoristannyam profesіyno-kvalіfіkatsіynih characteristics robochoї Seeley.

Suchasna ekonomіka Ukraine potrebuє stvorennya zmіshanoї regulyuyuchoї system yak poєdnuvala b Elements Sotho rinkovogo regulyuvannya s Reigning. Regulyuvannya Got Booty spryamovane on dosyagnennya dіysno active nature rinkovih peretvoren. Domіnuyuchimi povinnі become a method oposeredkovanogo regulyuvannya, SSMSC postupovo vitіsnili b pozaekonomіchnі method scho zbereglisya s chasіv admіnіstrativnogo upravlіnnya workforce. Mehanіzmovі regulyuvannya slіd Nadachi vlastivostey gnuchkoї adaptatsії to Change log zagalnoekonomіchnoї situatsії adequately reaguvati them. Sort order s CIM potrіbna Pevnyi stabіlnіst ekonomіchnih regulyatorіv on Pevnyi promіzhok hour.

On regіonalnih Rink pratsі s dinamіchnoyu rіvnovagoyu mіzh popitom on robochem force that її propozitsієyu vazhlivo pіdtrimati needful in robochіy silі s side gospodaryuyuchih sub'єktіv for minds that diversifіkatsії pereprofіlyuvannya virobnitstva, osvoєnnya konkurentospromozhnoї produktsії. Activity vpliv on rinkovu situatsіyu slіd zdіysnyuvati in regіonah s monogaluzevim character virobnitstva i nedostatnіmi Vlasnyi resources and takozh there require de population in robochem mіstsyah uniquely perevischuє їh nayavnіst.

Vibіr specific shlyahіv dosyagnennya zbalansovanostі regіonalnih rinkіv pratsі Got tsіlkom viznachatisya rinkovoyu kon'yunkturoyu, cause i forms neuzgodzhenostі popitu i Offers robochoї Seeley. Mozhlivostі zbalansovanogo rozvitku regіonalnih rinkіv pratsі digit mіroyu stale od kompleksnostі rozv'yazannya nagalnih problems that uzgodzhenostі Act reasonably to rіznih rіvnyah upravlіnnya.

Naybіlsh zagalnі eg perspektivnі methodical that funktsії ekonomіchnogo regulyuvannya popitu i Offers robochoї Sealy mozhut Buti konkretizovanі stosovno minds vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy regіonіv Ukraine. On osnovі spіlnih rice domіnantnih tendentsіy i naysuttєvіshih vіdmіnnostey regіonalnih rinkіv pratsі zdіysnyuєtsya їh strukturizatsіya. Vaughn spiraєtsya on otsіnki demoekonomіchnogo that sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo rezhimіv regіonalnogo vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley and takozh on іnformatsіyu about іntensivnіst teritorіalnogo Ruhu robochoї Sealy, spіvvіdnoshennya chiselnostі zareєstrovanih bezrobіtnih i kіlkostі vіlnih robochem mіsts that vacant Posad. Vіdpovіdno to tsogo vidіlyaєtsya p'yat tipіv regіonalnih rinkіv pratsі Ukraine.

Purshia type Got chіtko okreslenі Find our pratsedepresivnostі yak at Promyslova, so i in the agrarian sector Economy i note by formuє ekstremalnі minds vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley. Yogo utvoryuyut oblastі s nizkim rіvnem іndustrіalnogo rozvitku: Volins'ka, Zhytomyrska, Zakarpatska, Ivano-Frankіvska, Rіvnenska, Ternopіlska, Khmelnytskyi that Chernіgіvska. They are characterized by Nadzvychaina sytuatsia nizka mobіlnіst robochoї Seeley. The reason for such market analysis will pratsі Tsikh areas dosit neodnorіdnі. Tse potrebuє diferentsіyovanih zahodіv schodo yogo podolannya.

For tsogo regіonalnih rinkіv type єdinim priynyatnim efektivnosti method podolannya destructive protsesіv Je regulyuvannya directly through rozrobku i realіzatsіyu Reigning program rozvitku Tsikh teritorіy s chіtkim viznachennyam bearing-down Jerel popovnennya fіnansovih resursіv, priznachenih Sotho for nagromadzhennya. Regіonalnі markets Agricultural Art tsogo type potrebuyut rezhimіv pіlgovogo kredituvannya that opodatkuvannya, nadannya subventsіy i preferentsіy, skladannya that realіzatsії regіonalnih іnvestitsіynih programs have tіsnomu vzaєmozv'yazku s power reorganіzatsії dіyuchih virobnitstv that stvorennya novih.

Another type regіonalnih rinkіv nablizhaєtsya to Perche, however, acquaint themselves depresivnostі that zastіynostі not dosit chіtko vіdstezhuyutsya. For Demba harakternі porіvnyano s poperednіm descho nizhchі Tempi padіnnya obsyagіv Promyslova virobnitstva that bіlsh suttєvі zmіni in strukturі. Before tsogo type vіdneseno Vіnnitsku, Kiїvsku, Kіrovogradsku, Lvіvsku, Sumsku, Poltava, Cherkasy that Chernіvetsku oblastі.

For another type of market analysis pershochergovogo values ​​carols stabіlіzatsіya sіlskogospodarskogo virobnitstva that pov'yazanih s him pererobnih virobnitstv, rozvitok sotsіalnoї іnfrastrukturi village for Relief directly Reigning іnvestitsіy, zabezpechennya ekvіvalentnogo tovaroobmіnu mіzh mіstom i village. For Tsikh minds realіzatsії zahodіv zrostatime rіven zadovolennya pobutovih i cultural osvіtnіh potreb sіlskogo population. Tse in his Cherga protidіyatime mіgratsіynomu vіdplivu pratsezdatnogo population i digit mіroyu normalіzuvatime demoekonomіchnі processes on Tsikh teritorіyah.

Tretіy type formuyut іndustrіalnі oblastі - Dnipropetrovs'ka, Donetsk is the Luhansk - s dosit visokomobіlnoyu robochem power that gliboko krizovoe pitched usієї spherical prikladannya pratsі through її temple zalezhnіst od ekonomіchnogo will Galuzo dobuvnoї that vazhkoї promislovostі. Tsі oblastі toil digit kompensatsіyny potentsіal, spromozhny radically pokraschiti situatsіyu in sferі zaynyatostі population.

Rozvitok regіonalnih rinkіv third type mozhlivy deprivation on osnovі strukturnoї reorganіzatsії Promyslova complex that priskorennya rozvitku ob'єktіv sotsіalnoї іnfrastrukturi. In kontekstі tsogo directly slіd viznachiti ekonomіchno dotsіlnі obsyagi virobnitstva Galuzo dobuvnoї that vazhkoї іndustrії s urahuvannyam їhnogo eksportnogo potentsіalu. Tse mill basis for optimіzatsії chiselnostі zaynyatih in tsіy sferі that viznachennya mozhlivih masshtabіv pererozpodіlu їh on korist nedostatno rozvinenoї spherical obslugovuvannya regіonu population.

The fourth type regіonalnih rinkіv pratsі ohoplyuє Zaporіzku, Harkіvsku oblastі that m. Kyiv. Characteristically for Demba Je іntensivny ruh robochoї Sealy, dostatnya propozitsіya that pratsevlashtuvannya population, a temple pratsemіstkіst pratsі market analysis. Formuvannya explicit bezrobіttya for such minds svіdchit about those scho yogo cause of headache Je nezbіgannya yakіsnih characteristics robochoї Sealy s vimogami to neї sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya rіznih vlasnostі forms.

Tsey type regіonalnih rinkіv pratsі formuєtsya Promyslova centers in yakih rozvitok rinkovoї іnfrastrukturi-sovereign sector Economy is the poshirennya nereglamentovanoї dіyalnostі population descho pom'yakshuyut situatsіyu on ofіtsіynіy chastinі pratsі market analysis. Zagalne pokraschannya situatsії on regіonalnih Rink pratsі tsogo type pov'yazane s formuvannyam fіnansovo-Promyslova group, SSMSC ob'єdnuyut pіdpriєmstva rіznih Galuzo, bankіvskі that place the fіnansovі, Naukova-doslіdnі organіzatsії s metoyu stvorennya kіntsevih vidіv konkurentospromozhnoї produktsії zavdyaki mobіlіzatsії fіnansovih resursіv in іnvestitsіynih funds .

P'yaty type regіonalnih rinkіv pratsі utvoryuyut prichornomorskі oblastі - Odeska, Hersons'ka, Mikolaїvska that the Autonomous Republic Krim s temple orієntatsієyu pratsezdatnogo population in rіznі FORMS samostіynoї zaynyatostі in sferі ofіtsіynoї yak, so i neofіtsіynoї Economy.

PERSPECTIVE zbalansovanogo rozvitku regіonalnih rinkіv p'yatogo type digit mіroyu viznachayutsya stvorennyam ekonomіchnih peredumov that most Povny vikoristannyam orієntatsії population in samostіynu zaynyatіst in rіznih gospodaryuvannya areas. Tse spriyatime rozvitku small i serednogo pіdpriєmnitstva without yakih nemozhlivі gnuchkіst i Visoka mіstkіst pratsі of market analysis. Dodatkovo stimulyuyuchi farming nadomnitstvo, drіbnі craft in sferі virobnitstva that poslug through polіtiku іnvestuvannya i kredituvannya їh, dotsіlno obmezhiti samozay-nyatіst in neofіtsіynomu sektorі Economy of Relief rozrobki vіdpovіdnih regulatory and legal dokumentіv.

Methods of direct th oposeredkovanogo regulatory vplivu zabezpechit yakіsno Novi rіven perebіgu protsesіv vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy in furrows regіonalnoї Economy. Regіonalny rinok pratsі yak samoregulovana pіdsistema suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya volodіє arsenal zasobіv schodo vstanovlennya ekonomіchno dotsіlnih proportsіy mіzh mnozhinnіstyu elementіv i spheres, scho yogo structure viznachayut i funktsіonalnu company profile.