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Fіnansova statistics - Shustіkov AA

10.3. Diskontuvannya that Obl_k for simply vіdsotkami

In deyakih vipadkah fallow lands od minds fіnansovoї postaє zavdannya viznachennya pochatkovoї sumi Borg Quest graft sumoyu Borg S, vіdsotkovoyu i bet i-of-line pozichki n. Polyagaє problem in the fact scho for vіdomoyu sumoyu the S, yak neobhіdno splatiti deyaky hour through the n, neobhіdno viznachiti scrip otrimanoї pozichki P. Operatsіyu this nature in fіnansovih rozrahunkah nazivayut diskontuvannyam and rіznitsyu mіzh graft sumoyu S i Pochatkova value of p - discount.

Yakscho vіdsotki utrimuyutsya bezposeredno at vidachі pozichki, todі zastosovuєtsya oblіkova rate. When vikoristannі oblіkovoї rate when vidachі pozichki bunt zavdannyam Je viznachennya pochatkovoї sumi Borg (R) abo sumi on whether yak date to the time of SPLAT naroschenoї sumi (S).

In this razі vvazhayut scho scrip diskontuєtsya and rіznitsyu S - P = D nazivayut discount.

Neobhіdnіst viznachennya P for S vinikaє pid hour kupіvlі Bank Bills.

Іsnuє two Vidi diskontuvannya:

1) ically mathematical diskontuvannya;

2) bankіvsky Obl_k.

Before ically mathematical diskontuvannya stretch out into the quiet vipadkah, if Quest S, n i is the neobhіdno Know P.

.

de - Discount mnozhnik.

3. Butt Neobhіdno viznachiti, yak scrip vidast lender i scrip discount, Yakscho three mіsyatsі s time vidachі borzhnik loan to pay the creditor in 1025 UAH. Credit Nada pid 10% rіchnih.

Rozv'yazannya:

UAH.

The amount of discount D = S - P = 1025 - 1000 = 25 USD.

The value of P, Yakscho Won znaydena for the S, nazivayut diskontovanoyu S, the abo Suchasnyj the size of the S payment, abo teperіshnoyu vartіstyu.

Bankіvsky, abo komertsіyny, Obl_k polyagaє in fact, scho bank to kіntsevoї dati payment of a promissory note abo іnshomu korotkostrokovomu zobov'yazannyu kupuє Yogo at vlasnika i bere on itself all rizik otrimannyu for pennies. When tsomu Rate for yakoyu Bank kupuє bill blame for Buti Mensch tsіnu scho vkazana on vekselі. So rank, the bank sold yogo vekseledavtsyu, otrimuє dohіd, realіzuyuchi note by the discount.

Neobhіdnіst viznachennya discount vinikaє at rіznih fіnansovih operatsіyah, zokrema oblіku Bills that іnshih korotkostrokovih zobov'yazan. When tsomu zvichayno zastosovuyut not ically mathematical and bankіvsky Obl_k. Zgіdno s CIM method for vіdsotki koristuvannya pozichkoyu rozrahovuyutsya s Sumi, scho nalezhit viplatі in kіntsі pozichki line. The rate for yakoyu narahovanі vіdsotki, nazivaєtsya oblіkovoyu, abo Discount (d). Rіchnі oblіkovі rates for rozrahovuyutsya with such a formula:

todі yak

zvіdsi P = S (1 - nd).

Discount P = S - D = S - Sdn = S ( 1 - nd).

The value of (1 - nd) nazivayut Discount mnozhnikom, yaky pokazuє have skіlki razіv Pochatkova P value less then the value of extension of S.

Diskontuvannya for oblіkovoyu rates zdіysnyuєtsya, yak usually for minds scho Year dorіvnyuє 360 dnіv and Quantity dnіv in perіodі accurate tobto mіsyats dorіvnyuє 30 days, Square od kіlkostі dnіv mіsyatsі in the calendar.

Neobhіdno vrahovuvati Taku vlastivіst simply oblіkovih rates: for n> 1 / d value of P bude vіd'єmnoyu.

Butt Neobhіdno 4. Know when oblіku Bills scrip, yak Bank viplatit vlasniku, Yakscho yogo ostannіy vrahuvav in a jar 15 Zhovtnya. Bill Bulo nada for the amount of UAH 1,000. s pay 15 leaf fall. Oblіkova rate of 10%.

Rozv'yazannya: UAH.

W tsієї sumi bank Mauger i utrimuvati komіsіynі for holding operatsії.

Yakscho neobhіdno on osnovі oblіkovoї rates viznachiti scrip, yak potrіbno postaviti in bills of exchange, todі on osnovі pochatkovoї quantities that oblіkovoї rates viznachayut graft of the bag.

The formula of extension for oblіkovoyu rates Got Taqiy viglyad:

de koefіtsієnt 1 / (1 - nd) Je mnozhnikom of extension, based yakogo very hard oblіkova rate.

5. Butt Neobhіdno viznachiti scrip, yak potrіbno postaviti in the blank promissory notes for minds, scho bill lines 3 mіsyatsі, oblіkova rate - 10%, pid bill nadaєtsya 1000 UAH.

Rozv'yazannya: UAH.

Ekvіvalentnіst rates vіdsotkіv i oblіkovoї rate: