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Rozmіschennya productive forces i regіonalіstika - Stechenko DM

10.7. Harkіvsky regіon

Prior warehouse Harkіvskogo regіonu incoming three oblastі: Kharkiv, Sumska, Poltavska. Yogo Ploscha 84 tis. km2 (13.9 vіdsotka teritorії Ukraine). Zagalna population Quantity 1 sіchnya 1997 p. - 6.2 million osіb, scho becoming 12.1 vіdsotka population of Ukraine. Density of population - 74 individuals / km2. In regіonі nalіchuєtsya 47 mіst i 102 Villages mіskogo type.

Vazhlivimi chinnikami rozvitku i funktsіonuvannya Harkіvskogo regіonu Je yogo freight geografіchne provisions trudovі that prirodnі resources. Osoblivostі freight geografіchnogo PROVISIONS regіonu viznachayutsya such risami:

blizkіst to palivno-metalurgіynoї bazi Ukraine - Pridnіprov'ya i Donbas;

Perekhrest truboprovodіv, elektroperedach, zalіznits i avtomagіstraley;

vihіd to golovnoї rіchkovoї arterії Ukraine - Dnipra;

susіdske PROVISIONS schodo Rosіyskoї Federatsії.

Vigіdne freight geografіchne PROVISIONS Harkіvskogo regіonu schodo Jerel sirovini i Fuel type, spriyatlivі ekonomіchnі that prirodnі minds stvoryuyut visokі potentsіynі mozhlivostі for complex rozvitku yogo Gospodarstwa. Pid vplivom sotsіalnih, ekonomіchnih is the natural drain at regіonі Sklave іndustrіalno gospodarsky and agricultural complex. Provіdne values ​​Got promislovіst on yak pripadaє 3/4 gross product Gospodarstwa regіonu. Visoka teritorіalna kontsentratsіya promislovostі zumovlyuє znachnі pokazniki obsyagіv tovarnoї produktsії in rozrahunku per capita.

On teritorії regіonu factuality pripinivsya prirіst population. Tse poyasnyuєtsya vіdtokom s pіvnіchnoї Chastain regіonu sіlskogo population perevazhno molodі have velikі Mista in INSHI regіoni. Sklalasya nespriyatliva statevo vіkova-structure of the population, have yakіy Ponad 1/5 stanovlyat specimens of the Pension vіku. Tsim zumovlena GOSTR required in zabezpechennі sіlskogo Gospodarstwa kvalіfіkovanimi workforce.

In okremih settlements rozvinenі Folk promisli. So, Krolevets vіdomy yak center vigotovlennya Decorative rushnikіv, Opіshnya - hudozhnoї Keramiky. Oseredkami kilimarstva steel Reshitilіvka, Mirgorod, Novі Sanjari, Dykanka on Poltavschinі.

In mіstah Je znachnі reserves of labor resursіv, SSMSC utvorilisya vnaslіdok restrukturizatsії, zakrittya unprofitability of companies. Vazhlivogo value in the minds of nabuvaє stvorennya funktsіonuvannya i Sistemi perepіdgotovki i pratsevlashtuvannya, regulyuvannya processes vivіlnennya pratsіvnikіv, teritorіalno-galuzevy pererozpodіl їhnoї chiselnostі s urahuvannyam diferentsіatsії virobnitstva, stvorennya novih robochem mіsts.

Poєdnannya rіvninnogo relєfu, klіmatichnogo regime rodyuchih gruntіv that korisnih Kopalin Je spriyatlivim for rozvitku Gospodarstwa in regіonі.

W energetichnih resursіv here Je prirodnі goryuchі Ghazi access in all areas regіonu, ale osnovnі promislovі reserves zoseredzhenі in Harkіvskіy oblastі (Shebelinske, Hristinіvske, Muratіvske, Єfremіvske rodovischa) Inventories Nafti skontsentrovanі in Poltavskіy (Glinsko-Rozbishіvske, Radchenkіvske, Sagaydatske, Zachepilіvske, Novogrigorіvske rodovischa) i Sumskіy (Kachanіvske, Ribalske rodovischa) areas.

In palivno-energetichnomu kompleksі naybіlshe values ​​Got vidobutok Nafti i gas that pererobka NAFTA Kremenchutsі. Krіm of vikoristovuyutsya privіzne vugіllya s Donbas, peat i gіdroenergіya Dnipra. Bіlsha Chastina elektroenergії viroblyaєtsya on thermal elektrostantsіyah. Naybіlshі s them: Zmіїvska SRES potuzhnіstyu 2.4 million kW is the number of TPP (Kharkiv region), and takozh TEC in Sumy, Ohtirtsі that Shosttsі. Dіє Kremenchutska HPP on Dnіprі.

On Poltavschinі very hard visokoyakіsnih zalіznih ores zoseredzhenі in Kremenchutskomu zalіzorudnomu baseynі. Їh rozvіdanі stanovlyat reserves of 4.5 billion tons Yea i pridatnimi for vіdkritoї rozrobki that zbagachennya s obsession kontsentratіv іz vmіstom zalіza to 69 vіdsotkіv. Chorna metalurgіya presented Poltava gіrnicho-zbagachuvalnim kombіnatom, yaky viroblyaє zalіzorudny concentrate that okatishі. Pratsyuyut in Kremenchuk stalelivarny, and Poltavі livarno-mehanіchny Creek.

Provіdnoyu galuzzyu spetsіalіzatsії promislovostі regіonu Yea i mashinobuduvannya metaloobrobka. Lachey in Harkіvskіy oblastі zoseredzheno blizko 1/5 mashinobuduvannya Ukraine and Kharkiv - one іz naybіlshih mashinobudіvnih tsentrіv Kraina.

Kharkiv spetsіalіzuєtsya on Key infrastructure ustatkuvannya for elektroenergetiki, dvigunіv, traktorіv, verstatіv, іnstrumentіv, priladіv. Here roztashovanі velikі virobnichі ob'єdnannya: Harkіvsky Tractor Plant, "Hammer i Molot", "Harkіvtraktorzapchastina" Harkіvsky turbіnny plant, "Ukrelektromash" Harkіvsky elektromehanіchny plant. Harkіvskі Creek "Elektrovazhmash", "Elektromashina", "Pіvdenkabel" viroblyayut turbіni for thermal, nuclear i gіdroelektrostantsіy, generators, elektrodviguni, cable elektroaparaturu toscho. Rozvinene transport mashinobuduvannya: Harkіvske virobniche ob'єdnannya "Plant IM. IN. Malisheva "avіatsіyne ob'єdnannya, car repair i bicycle factory. Vigotovlyayut takozh elektrokrani, konveєri for vugіlnoї promislovostі, bulldozers, conveyors that number іnshoї mashinobudіvnoї produktsії. Digit mashinobudіvny center - Sumi. Before yogo naybіlshih of companies nalezhat virobnichі ob'єdnannya: mashinobudіvne IM. MV Frunze, "Nasosoenergomash", "Electron", Make "Centrolit", "Sumsіlmash", "Sumremverstat". In Poltavі rozmіschenі Creek gazorozryadnih lamps, piece almazіv i diamond іnstrumentu, "Electric motors" turbomehanіchny locomotive and takozh virobnichі ob'єdnannya "Prodmash" i "Ukrhіmmash". In Kremenchutsі dіyut virobniche ob'єdnannya "AvtoKrAZ" kryukіvsky vagonobudіvny i kolіsny plant, Shlyakhovoy machines.

Hіmіchna promislovіst regіonu viroblyaє varnishes Farben hіmіchnі reagents hіmіko-farmatsevtichnі virobi (Kharkiv); sintetichnі miyuchі zasobi that otrutohіmіkati (Pervomayskiy); hіmreaktivi, kіnoplіvki that magnіtnі strіchki (Shostka); mіneralnі dobriva, sіrchanu acid (Sumi).

Rozvitok promislovostі budіvelnih materіalіv ґruntuєtsya on mіstsevіy sirovinі: i virobnitstvo cement slate on Balaklіyskomu cement-slate kombіnatі; azbestotsementnih virobіv, zbіrnih zalіzobetonnih konstruktsіy that parts tsegli, ozdoblyuvalnih tiles - in Harkovі, Sumy, Konotopі; skla - at Poltavі, Kremenchutsі, Merefі; whiteware virobіv - at Poltavі, Budach.

I Derevoobrobna pulp and paperova promislovіst spetsіalіzuєtsya on virobnitstvі meblіv (Kharkiv, Chuguїv, Poltava, Sumy, Kremenchuk, Romney, Lubna), cardboard (Rogan) is the Paper the (Zmiiv Harkіvskoї oblastі).

Easy promislovіst regіonu viroblyaє bavovnyanі that vovnyanі tkanini, trikotazhnі that hemp-dzhutovі, shveynі, shkіryano-vzuttєvі that hutrovі virobi. Naybіlshі center - Kharkiv, Poltava, Sumy. Okremі pіdpriєmstva roztashovanі in Lubny, Kremenchuk, Ohtirtsі, Kup'yansku, Lozovіy, Bogoduhovі that іnshih mіstah.

Nutritive promislovіst regіonu Got rozgaluzhenu structure. Naybіlsh rozvinenі tsukrova, alcohol, m'yasna, maslosirorobna i lactic, boroshnomelno-krup'yana, hlіbopekarna, olіyno fats. Znachnі potuzhnostі Got tsukrova promislovіst have skladі yakoї dіє 59 tsukrovih zavodіv. Naypotuzhnіshy - Lohvitsky tsukrovy kombіnat (Poltavs'ka region). Before the great tsukrovih of companies nalezhat takozh Kup'yansky, Orіlsky (Kharkiv region), tsukrorafіnadny plant from m. Friendship (Sumska oblast). In mіstah regіonu dіyut chislennі m'yasokombіnati (Poltava, Sumy, Kharkiv, Lubna, Konotop, Kremenchuk that іn.) Molochni that molochnokonservnі Plant (Poltava, Kharkiv, Sumy, Lubny, Bogoduhіv, Kup'yansk, Kobelyaki that іn).

Harkіvsky regіon harakterizuєtsya teritorіalnoyu rіznomanіtnіstyu rozmіschennya i Visoko rіvnem rozvitku sіlskogo Gospodarstwa. Bіlshіst sіlskogospodarskih of companies spetsіalіzuyutsya virobnitstvі on cereals, tsukrovih buryakіv, Sonyashnyk i on m'yaso-dairy tvarinnitstvі. Area information mіst target ovoche-Molochni Gospodarstwa primіskogo type. Bіlshe half posіvnoї ploschі regіonu vіdvoditsya pid zernovі crops: winter wheat, yachmіn, corn, buckwheat, Kukurudza. Ponad 12 vіdsotkіv posіvnih Area in regіonі zaymayut tehnіchnі culture. Tsukrovі Buriak viroschuyut mayzhe on vsіy teritorії regіonu and Sonyashnyk - perevazhno on pіvdnі th pіvdennomu skhodі. In zahіdnіy chastinі regіonu poshirenі posіvi Tyutyunov that efіroolіynih cultures. Povsyudno viroschuyut kartoplyu th Vegetables Dobre rozvinenі, Especially in primіskih areas sadіvnitstvo that yagіdnitstvo.

Provіdnі the Branch tvarinnitstva - skotarstvo, svinarstvo i ptahіvnitstvo. Rozvivaєtsya takozh vіvcharstvo, krolіvnitstvo, zvіrіvnitstvo, bdzhіlnitstvo i ribnitstvo. Pivden spetsіalіzuєtsya on m'yaso-dairy tvarinnitstvі. Svinarstvo Got m'yasny example. In regіonі sformuvalisya agroproduktovі spetsіalіzovanі complex: grain products, buryakotsukrovy, olіyno fats m'yaso- i dairy production.

Spriyatlivі klіmatichnі minds malovnichі landscapes, dense rіchkova trammel (in Sumskіy that Poltavskіy areas) stvoryuyut Resort potentsіal regіonu. Especially the values ​​of toil mіneralnі Vod Poltava, zokrema in Mirgorodі, Velikіy Bagachtsі, Novosanzharsku, Horolі. Area information Kharkova that іnshih great mіst roztashovanі primіskі Zoni vіdpochinku that promoting public health.

In Harkіvskomu regіonі rozvinenі usі Vidi Transport, ale provіdne Location nalezhit zalіznichnomu th avtomobіlnomu. Naybіlshі zalіznichnі vuzli - Kharkiv, Lozova, Vorozhba, Konotop, Sumy, Kremenchuk, Grebіnka, Poltava. Avtomobіlny transport vikoristovuєtsya mainly for vnutrіshnooblasnih transported. After passing teritorіyu regіonu vazhlivі avtomagіstralі mіzhderzhavnogo that mіzhregіonalnogo values: Moscow - Kharkiv - Simferopol, Kiev - Rostov-on-Don. For the agriculture mіzhregіonalnih zv'yazkіv vikoristovuєtsya Dnipro, de roztashovany great rіchkovy port - Kremenchuk. Digit obsyag pasazhirskih i vantazhnih transported zdіysnyuєtsya avіatsіynim transport. Teritorієyu regіonu passing Tracy gazoprovodіv od Shebelinka to Kharkova, Poltava, Kremenchug, Odessa, of Kyiv, Dnipropetrovs'ka, Chisinau, Eagle, Bryanska, Moscow; gazoprovіd "Union"; naftoprovodi Mіchurіnsk - Kremenchuk, Gnіdintsі - Kremenchuk that іn.

Before importing regіonu palivo, metal, budіvelnі materіali, lіs and vivozitsya perevazhno ready Produkciya obrobnoї promislovostі - machine, іnstrumenti, VZUTTYA, odyag, Zukor, oil, olіya toscho. Ekonomіchnі zv'yazki naybіlsh rozvinenі s susіdnіmi Pridnіprovskim that regіonami Donetsk.

Osnovnі eg away rozvitku Harkіvskogo regіonu takі:

udoskonalennya structuring іnvestuvannya s metoyu rekonstruktsії that stvorennya novih, tehnіchno retooling virobnitstv;

rozvitok serednіh i Malih mіst s metoyu povnіshogo vikoristannya resursіv of labor;

bіlsh efektivnosti vikoristannya nayavnih resursіv zhivoї pratsі, mehanіzatsіya that automation virobnitstva;

reorganіzatsіya sіlskogospodarskih structures stvorennya fermerskih Gospodarstwa i sіlskogospodarskih fіrm, zaprovadzhennya іndustrіalnih metodіv in roslinnitstvі that tvarinnitstvі;

udoskonalennya ekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv s іnshimi regіonami Ukraine and takozh mіzh pererobnimi pіdpriєmstvami i virobnikami sіlskogospodarskoї sirovini;

naroschuvannya that rozvitok sanatorium that turistichnogo potentsіalu.

Zapitannya i zavdannya

Table 1. Skladіt s titles makroregіonіv Ukraine. Zaznachte їhnі centerand that oblastі scho incoming makroregіonu to skin.

2. Describe ekologіchnu situatsіyu Central regіonu that її vpliv on the structure i rozvitok Gospodarstwa in regіonі.

3. Rozkriyte problems at scho Yea rozvitku gospodarskogo complex

Regіonu of Donetsk.

4. SSMSC osoblivostі rozvitku Zahіdnogo regіonu?

5. Perelіchіt minds i chinniki, SSMSC zooms Visokiy rіven іndustrіalіzatsії Pridnіprovskogo regіonu.

6. SSMSC osnovnі vіdmіnnostі that spetsifіka in rozvitku gospodarskogo complex Prichornomorskogo regіonu?

7. SSMSC osoblivostі teritorіalnoї that galuzevoї structuring Gospodarstwa Harkіvskogo regіonu?