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Rozmіschennya productive forces i regіonalіstika - Stechenko DM

11.2. Spіlnі pіdpriєmstva

Inclusion of Ukraine until the system svіtogospodarskih zv'yazkіv suprovodzhuєtsya adaptatsієyu structuring її Economy, vsogo gospodarskogo mehanіzmu to Nadzvychaina sytuatsia temple vimog, SSMSC diktuє svіtove rinkove Gospodarstwa. Іntegruyuchis in svіtove Gospodarstwa, Ukraine pragne rozvivati ​​zovnіshnoekonomіchnі vіdnosini in vsіy rіznomanіtnostі їhnіh forms. Odnієyu s such forms mіzhnarodnogo spіvrobіtnitstva Je spіlnі pіdpriєmstva (SP) s participation іnozemnogo kapіtalu.

The fate of at spіlnih pіdpriєmstvah іnozemnogo partner - tse not obov'yazkova rice and deprivation one s mozhlivih varіantіv organіzatsії. Otzhe, termіn "spіlne pіdpriєmstvo" in Yogo exact Yurydychna znachennі Got podvіyny zmіst: yak spіlne pіdpriєmstvo s participation deprivation of Ukrainian partnerіv; yak JV s participation of Ukrainian okrіm, іnozemnih partnerіv. Then just past about JV s participation Yurydychna osіb i gromadyan Ukraine that Yurydychna osіb i zarubіzhnih partnerіv.

Pіdpriєmstva s іnozemnimi іnvestitsіyami stvoryuyutsya that dіyut on teritorії Ukraine in organіzatsіyno legal form of companies for peredbachenih natsіonalnim zakonodavstvom. Tse nasampered Law of Ukraine "About pіdpriєmstva in Ukraine», «About pіdpriєmnitstvo", "Pro gospodarskі tovaristva" toscho. Sub'єkt pіdpriєmnitstva, zasnovany on ob'єdnannі Lane rіznih vlasnikіv in Zakonі Ukraine "About pіdpriєmnitstvo in Ukraine» won titles "spіlne pіdpriєmstvo". Tsey termіn vikoristovuєtsya in zakonodavstvі that praktitsі for characteristics of companies for participation іnozemnogo partner.

In Zakonі Ukraine "About іnozemnі іnvestitsії" od 14 Veresnya 1992 p. not vikoristovuvavsya termіn "spіlnі pіdpriєmstva" i vstanovlyuvalosya scho іnozemnі іnvestori mozhut stvoryuvati pіdpriєmstva abo Braty fate of their once s ukraїnskimi fіzichnimi that Yurydychna individuals. Takі sub'єkti gospodarskoї dіyalnostі dіstali NAME "s pіdpriєmstva іnozemnimi іnvestitsіyami".

JV yak naybіlsh zrіla form mіzhnarodnogo spіvrobіtnitstva mozhut positive vplivati ​​on formuvannya novoї structuring processes Economy of Ukraine i rinkovoї orієntatsії that spriyati іntegratsії in svіtovu gospodaryuvannya system. Especially values ​​Got dіyalnіst JV schodo zapozichennya advanced tehnologіy that dosvіdu upravlіnnya, rozvitku eksportoorієntovanih that іmportozamіnnih vidіv produktsії, zabezpechennya vihodu vіtchiznyanoї produktsії on svіtovy rinok. The fate of at spіlnih pіdpriєmstvah zarubіzhnogo partner yaky, yak usually vzhe zaymaє pozitsії svіtovomu on market analysis, in ryadі vipadkіv daє ukraїnskіy storonі єdinu mozhlivіst viyti at the market іnshih kraїn that zakrіpitisya there.

In mіzhnarodnіy praktitsі Nabeul poshirennya two varіanti funktsіonuvannya spіlnih of companies: Purshia, if spіlnі pіdpriєmstva іntegruyutsya in suspіlnogospodarsky complex priymayuchoї Kraina, friend, if the stench funktsіonuyut in furrows gospodarskogo enclave, utvorenogo on teritorії Kraina.

Usі JV scho dіyut teritorії on Ukraine (and їh for danimi Derzhkomstati-sticks of Ukraine for 1998 p. 3 blizko tis), funktsіonuyut Perche for Modell. Zumovlyuє Tse th those scho stink toil takі Well samі problems scho i OAO All INSHI sub'єkti gospodaryuvannya. JV Pokey scho Yea єdinimi on teritorії Ukraine organіzatsіyno samostіynimi sub'єktami gospodaryuvannya i mozhut Why katalіzatorami neobhіdnih structural zrushen in ekonomіtsі. Nada SP in samostіynіst zdіysnennі virobnichoї, іnvestitsіynoї that zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі daє їm mozhlivіst viroblyati th efektivnosti zdіysnyuvati Especially strategіyu.

Before sub'єktіv zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі Law of Ukraine "About zovnіshnoekonomіchnu dіyalnіst" od 16 kvіtnya 1991 p. vіdnesenі JV stvoryuvanі for participation fіzichnih i Yurydychna osіb Ukraine that іnozemnih fіrm, kompanіy, іnshih zarubіzhnih sub'єktіv gospodarskoї dіyalnostі.

JV nalezhat to naybіlsh folding organіzatsіynih structures mіzhnarodnogo spіvrobіtnitstva, SSMSC zdіysnyuyut his virobnichu dіyalnіst for rakhunok directly іnvestitsіy vіdpovіdnih fіrm i kompanіy. Tacke zaluchennya іnozemnih koshtіv to tsіlespryamovanogo rozvitku virobnitstv Got number іstotnih perevag before іnshimi forms uchastі zarubіzhnih kraїn in onovlennі virobnichih fondіv, modernіzatsії virobnitstva, zmіtsnennі Economy of Ukraine.

JV mozhut formuvatisya in sferі virobnitstva Pevnyi vidіv produktsії, її realіzatsії, zdіysnennya Naukova, tehnіko-ekonomіchnih konsultatsіy, servіsnogo obslugovuvannya virobnitstva toscho. JV zdebіlshogo toil complex. They poєdnuєtsya kіlka vidіv dіyalnostі. Tse zabezpechuє efektivnosti vikoristannya spіlnih іnvestitsіy of Ukrainian іnozemnih of companies that i kompanіy.

Direct іnvestuvannya koshtіv іnozemnimi fіrmami in virobnichu dіyalnіst spіlnih ob'єdnan spriyaє Shvidky vhodzhennyu in rinkovі vіdnosini positively poznachaєtsya on rozvitku pіdpriєmnitstva that demonopolіzatsії virobnitstva, posilyuє konkurentospromozhnіst produktsії. Especially values ​​here nabuvaє vkladannya іnozemnogo kapіtalu at odnochasnomu zastosuvannі novih tehnologіy abo novih vazhlivih elementіv tehnologіy virobnitstva produktsії scho daє zmogu uniquely pіdvischiti produktivnіst pratsі, zbіlshiti dohodnіst Galuzo that Prybutok kolektivіv of labor.

For sotsіalno-ekonomіchnoyu sutnіstyu spіlnі pіdpriєmstva Je efektivnosti the form of Ukrainian mіzhnarodnoї kooperatsії of companies, ob'єdnan that іnshih virobnichih structures s іnozemnimi fіrmami i kompanіyami on vzaєmovigіdnih ambushes (Fig. 11.1). When їh stvorennі zaіnteresovanі Participants mozhut ob'єdnuvati for spіlnogo vikoristannya not tіlki Costa and d materіalnі resources іntelektualnі tsіnnostі, know-how, tehnologіchnі projects dіyalnіst spetsіalіstіv, Naukova pratsіvnikіv toscho. JV - tse one s Find our processes іnternatsіonalіzatsії kapіtalu that virobnitstva and takozh specific gospodarsky mehanіzm ob'єdnannya kapіtalіv that ekonomіchnih іnteresіv rіznoї natsіonalnoї nalezhnostі.

Yak rule, the joint venture, in stvorenі sferі materіalnogo virobnitstva, potrebuyut ob'єdnannya Act reasonably partnerіv i in іnshih areas: nautsі, proektuvannі, vivchennі zbutu market analysis, porodzhuyuchi spіlnu zatsіkavlenіst have results virobnichoї dіyalnostі.

Metoyu rozvitku JV on teritorії Ukraine Je:

Fig. 11.1. Sotsіalno-Ekonomichna sutnіst spіlnogo pіdpriєmstva

1. Nadannya pіdtrimki vnutrіshnіy ekonomіchnіy reformі Shlyakhov: zaluchennya dodatkovih materіalnih, fіnansovih that іnshih resursіv; bіlsh Povny nasichennya vnutrіshnogo yakіsnimi market analysis products; zaluchennya to ukraїnskoї Economy for rozshirennya that modernіzatsії virobnitstva Progressive tehnologіy that dosvіdu upravlіnnya, priskorennya NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso zavdyaki zaluchennyu naynovіtnіshih tehnіchnih knowledge;

Becoming rinkovih, competitive vіdnosin;

obsession demonstratsіynogo efekta perevag rinkovoї Economy.

2. Postupova іntegratsіya Gospodarstwa Kraina to the structure of svіtovoї Economy Shlyakhov:

pogliblennya mіzhnarodnoї kooperatsії that spetsіalіzatsії virobnitstva;

rozvitku eksportnoї bazi, pіdvischennya efektivnostі zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv, optimіzatsії structuring zovnіshnotorgovelnogo turnover zmіtsnennya pozitsіy on Rink rozvinenih kraїn;

rozvitku іmportozamіschuyuchogo virobnitstva.

Іnozemny partner at stvorennі spіlnogo pіdpriєmstva pereslіduє svoї tsіlі, Sereda yakih nayvazhlivіshimi Je takі:

rozpodіl riziku, Especially when stvorennі spіlnogo pіdpriєmstva s virobnitstva novoї produktsії, zbut yakoї not garantovany;

znizhennya vitrat on stvorennya novih bearing-down, sobіvartostі produktsії, scho for rakhunok viroblyaєtsya nizkoї vnutrіshnoї vartostі sirovini, materіalіv robochoї that Sealy;

kontsentruvannya on vіdpovіdalnih that tehnіchno Folding directly for rakhunok peremіschennya naybіlsh pratse- that materіalomіstkih virobnitstv across the border;

opanuvannya novim Rink that Nagybanya komertsіynogo dosvіdu robot on nomu;

pіdvischennya efektivnostі Sistemi zbutu, scho for rakhunok dosyagaєtsya znizhennya konkurentsії, pogodzhennya virobnichoї that komertsіynoї dіyalnostі, kvotuvannya produktsії;

diversifіkatsіya spherical dіyalnostі.

In rezultatі nayavnostі takoї rіznomanіtnostі rushіynih forces spіlnogo pіdpriєmstva in cutaneous partner spіlnomu pіdpriєmstvu shaping can Buti rіznomanіtnі ekonomіchnі Interests. In takіy situatsії logіchno dotsіlnim Je stvorennya Pevnyi mehanіzmu pogodzhennya іnteresіv uchasnikіv spіlnogo pіdpriєmstva. Tsey mehanіzm mіstit Etap scho peredbachayut viyavlennya:

ekonomіchnih іnteresіv maybutnіh partnerіv on spіlnomu pіdpriєmstvu; spheres mozhlivih zіtknen іnteresіv; urazhen іnteresіv stage;

vazhelіv ekonomіchnogo, organіzatsіynogo is the legal nature, scho naybіlshoyu mіroyu pom'yakshuvali b superechnostі scho vinikayut.

JV Je odnієyu s such forms, yak daє zmogu realіzuvati ekonomіchnі Interests uchasnikіv mіzhderzhavnogo spіvrobіtnitstva, kotrі not shaping can Buti realіzovanі at іnshih rіvnih minds through INSHI form, yak Mauger vistupati result їhnogo kompromіsu. Otzhe, vono Je Form zaluchennya іnozemnogo kapіtalu scho stvoryuє Pevnyi zatsіkavlenіst for usіh uchasnikіv tsogo processes, oskіlki yavlyaє him zasіb dosyagnennya tsіley scho vihodyat for mezhі mozhlivostey skin okremogo participant. Porіvnyano s іnshimi forms JV zabezpechuyut naybіlshu sotsіalnu efektivnіst spіvrobіtnitstva.