Rozmіschennya productive forces i regіonalіstika - Stechenko DM

12.3. Eg is the fun- zdіysnennya regіonalnogo іnvestitsіynogo Process

For danimi Sovereign komіtetu Statistics of Ukraine obsyag іnozemnih іnvestitsіy scho nadіyshov in ukraїnsku ekonomіku in 1996 p. becomes 1.275 billion dollars. In pererahunku per capita tse becoming priblizno $ 25. Іnozemnі іnvestitsії otrimali pіdpriєmstva 5263 Ukraine, s are 4117 - spіlnі on SSMSC priyshlosya 66.8% zagalnoї sumi іnvestitsіy. Naybіlshі obsyagi іnvestitsіy vkladenі in pіdpriєmstva of Kyiv (556.5 million dollars.) Odeskoї oblastі (114.7 million dollars.) Avtonomnoї Respublіki Cream (92.6 million USD.), Donetskoї (76.3 million dollars). I Lvіvskoї (5.5 million dollars.) areas.

Reigning Chastka іnvestitsіy znahoditsya on rіvnі 61.5 vіdsotka, Collective - 33.5 vіdsotka, іz them agrarnіy sferі - deprivation 9.8 vіdsotka and privacy - vsogo 5 vіdsotkіv.

In strukturі clean іnvestitsіy provіdne Location nalezhit Promyslova ustatkuvannyu i zhitlovomu budіvnitstvu on SSMSC account vіdpovіdno 30-40 i 35-50 vіdsotkіv clean іnvestitsіy. Tse golovnі orієntiri of acceptance for rіshen s іnvestitsіynoї polіtiki in Promyslova sektorі.

Іsnuє number of negative obstavin scho іstotno strimuyut іnozemnih іnvestorіv at vkladannі kapіtalіv. Before them nalezhat Slabko konvertovanіst natsіonalnoї groshovoї odinitsі, nizka platospromozhnіst of companies i praktikuvannya them barter povіlnі Tempi privatizatsії, nerozvinenіst Stock market, zrostannya koruptsії that zlochinnostі in ekonomіtsі, nizka kupіvelna spromozhnіst population vіdsutnіst vіtchiznyanogo real virobnichogo іnvestuvannya, vivezennya natsіonalnogo kapіtalu for cordon vіdsutnіst privatnoї vlasnostі rights on the ground.

Іnvestitsіyna dіyalnіst, vnutrіshnya yak, so i zovnіshnya, harakterizuєtsya specifically virazhenim regіonalnim aspect tobto Won spiraєtsya marketing (abo dіagnostiku) teritorії, novі regіonalnі FORMS that ob'єkti tsієї dіyalnostі and takozh on perevagi small bіznesu.

Novі sotsіalno-ekonomіchnі minds scho vinikayut in zv'yazku s transition to rinkovoї modelі funktsіonuvannya Gospodarstwa, viznachayut i novі pіdhodi to otsіnyuvannya іnvestitsіynogo potentsіalu regіonіv, visuvayut zavdannya analіzu, monіtoringu i Poshuk shlyahіv virіshennya problems pov'yazanih s іnvestitsіynoyu dіyalnіstyu on tsіy teritorії . Krizovoe camp Economy of Ukraine, factuality pripinennya fіnansuvannya s sovereign budget put before regіoni neobhіdnіstyu vizhivannya, really stink mozhut rozrahovuvati on svіy productive potentsіal on rozvitok mehanіzmu realіzatsії tsogo potentsіalu s zaluchennyam kapіtalu vnutrіshnіh i zovnіshnіh іnvestorіv. Otzhe, teritorіyu slіd rozglyadati yak svoєrіdny "goods" - ob'єkt rinkovih vіdnosin, s Yakim mіstsevі organic Vladi ( "Seller") vihodyat on rinok іnvestitsіy. Іnshimi sub'єktami ( "pokuptsyami") teritorії Je її zhitelі, yak potentsіynі іnvestori (mіstsevі that Zi side) derzhavnі organic oblasnogo chi central rіvnya.

Vihodyachi Zi spetsifіki marketing mіstsevі organic Vladi stvoryuyut іmіdzh svoїh teritorіy yak Georeferencing zhittєdіyalnostі that ob'єkta vigіdnogo vkladannya kapіtalu. HEAD emphasis on tsomu robitsya on perevagah not tіlki natural, ekonomіchnih, sotsіalnih, ekologіchnih, cultural i polіtichnih elementіv and minutes on the results of lyudskoї dіyalnostі. OAO All tsі Elements shaping can Buti ob'єktami vkladannya kapіtalu іnvestorіv, ob'єktami kupіvlі-sale, ale tіlki in svoїy sukupnostі stink viznachayut tsіnu teritorії yak product.

Rіznoplanova іnvestitsіyna dіyalnіst Je Vahom chinnikom visokoefektivnogo sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo rozvitku regіonu. Through tse zavdannya іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі zvoditsya to a maximum zabezpechennya pratsezdatnostі regіonalnih chinnikіv and the Same: Main virobnichih fondіv; Werewolves zasobіv of companies; resursіv of labor; sotsіalnoї sphere; virobnichoї іnfrastrukturi; Natural resursіv.

For Ukraine, de rinkovі vіdnosini deprivation formuyutsya problem regіonalnogo rozvitku that regіonalnoї іnvestitsіynoї polіtiki Je duzhe folding. Ninі organіzatsіyno yde processes formuvannya diversifіkovanoї Sistemi іnvestorіv. Vaughn skladaєtsya s agentіv rіznih funktsіonalnih i sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih structures: virobnichih, poserednitskih, bіrzhovih, Sotho іnvestitsіynih that іnshih of companies, stvorennya rinkovogo іnfrastrukturnogo seredovischa.

Privatnі that derzhavnі іnvestori minds in market analysis keruyutsya at priynyattі that realіzatsії іnvestitsіynih rіshen perevazhno EYAD arguments: nayavnoyu norm of rentabelnostі that makroekonomіchnimi prospects n zrostannya to the Future. However, not Mensch suttєvimi Je Tempi vіdtvoryu-rampart processes for Pevnyi іnvestuvannya project.

Methods zdіysnennya regіonalnogo іnvestitsіynogo processes peredbachaє vibіr mainly prіoritetnih yogo napryamіv that printsipіv.

Such directly toil Buti:

ekologіchny aspect sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo rozvitku teritorіy that їhnіh settlements pov'yazanі s CIM power demografіchnoї situatsії;

rozvitok naukomіstkih virobnitstv (Galuzo, vidіv dіyalnostі) orієntovanih on visokokvalіfіkovanі Kadri i vіdnosno deshevshі (for svіtovimi vimіrami) trudovі resources. W CIM directly Got Booty tіsno pov'yazana Conducting konversії defense complex regіonu Where Money Does zoseredzhenі unіkalne i visokotehnologіchne ustatkuvannya, peredovі tehnologії that visokokvalіfіkovanі Kadri pratsіvnikіv;

budіvnitstvo ob'єktіv іnfrastrukturi - virobnichoї, rinkovoї, sotsіalnoї, іnvestitsіynoї that ekologіchnoї.

Slіd stvoryuvati spriyatlivі minds for іnozemnih іnvestitsіy. For zaluchennya іnozemnogo kapіtalu such peredumovami Je:

formuvannya spriyatlivogo іnvestitsіynogo klіmatu, stvorennya pіlgovih minds scho pіdvischuyut dіlovu aktivnіst on vіdpovіdnih teritorіyah i stimulyuyut rozvitok small pіdpriєmnitstva. Same vono spriyaє vikoristannyu іnvestitsіynogo potentsіalu smallest in teritorіy, rozshirennyu vidіv dіyalnostі population. Odnochasno pіdpriєmlivіst spriyaє zbіlshennyu zaynyatostі population through stvorennya dodatkovih robochem mіsts; nasichennyu spozhivchogo Rinku goods i Hotel; zbіlshennyu nadhodzhen to mіstsevoї toscho penalty;

Stan i stupіn stabіlnostі Economy in tsіlomu, mіstkіst market analysis, the rate of i proportsії rozvitku, іnvestitsіyna privablivіst regіonіv that Kraina in tsіlomu.

Malii BIZNES Mauger vіdіgrati virіshalnu role in perebudovі Economy on rinkovih ambushes, Yakscho yogo basic principles will takі:

orієntatsіya on regіonalnu i mіstsevu spetsifіku;

Included regіonalnih small structures pіdpriєmnitstva to zagalnoderzhavnoї MEREZHI іnformatsіynogo i s legal monіtoringu bіznesu small power;

emphasis on vikoristannі regіonalnih, mіzhregіonalnih i mіstsevih fіnansovih mozhlivostey;

pіdtrimka of companies through a system of small bіznesu Reigning i munіtsipalnih of order;

Especially uwagi small bіznesu in Galuzo sіlskogo Gospodarstwa, budіvnitstva, pererobki sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії, її zberіgannya i transportuvannya, nadannya poslug population;

grupuvannya drіbnih of companies in asotsіatsії s metoyu, dwellers privatnі mali banks cope s dosit great structures in vіdnosinah s yakimi mozhna rozrahovuvati on Prybutok digit;

zastosuvannya pіlgovogo opodatkuvannya;

pіdtrimka zovnіshnotorgovelnih vіdnosin small bіznesu, tehnologіchne that іnnovatsіyne spriyannya stvorennyu tehnoparkіv, rozvitok spіvrobіtnitstva s іnozemnim kapіtalom;

regіonalny consulting, scho peredbachaє kvalіfіkovanі konsultatsії s power, pov'yazanih rizikom h, i fіnansovimi legal power.

Nayvazhlivіshimi ob'єktami regіonalnoї іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі toil Why:

transgranichnі regіoni;

spetsіalnі (vіlnі) ekonomіchnі Zoni;

tehnopolіsi i parks;

BIZNES-іnkubatori (іnzhenernі center);

mіskі aglomeratsії yak naybіlsh urbanіzovanі teritorії;

depresivnі that ekologіchno napruzhenі mіstsevostі;

mіzhoblasnі virobnichі th іnfrastrukturi! complex;

okremі agropromislovі konsortsіumi, kombіnati that fіrmi;

transportnі vuzli i magіstralі;

ob'єkti rinkovoї іnfrastrukturi;

vischі navchalnі mortgage s unіkalnoyu pіdgotovkoyu fahіvtsіv.

On osnovі such ob'єktіv toil skladatisya іnnovatsіynі regіonalnі projection that BIZNES plan, yak, napriklad, єvroregіoni "Karpati" i "Bug" preliminary design "Kovel", dozens proektіv schodo stvorennya spetsіalnih (vіlnih) ekonomіchnih zones.