Rozmіschennya productive forces i regіonalіstika - Stechenko DM

14.3. Eksportny potentsіal i rіvnі realіzatsії competitive perevag ukraїnskoї Economy

Potentsіal sotsіalno-ekonomіchnoї system - ponyattya vіdnosne i vimіryuєtsya for Kraina in regіonalnomu rozrіzі for bagatovimіrnim dinamіchnim kriterієm, yaky іntegruє natural resursnі, ekonomіchnі, sotsіalnі, polіtichnі that INSHI chinniki. Potentsіal system - tse її zdatnіst dosyagti postavlenoї methylation of nayavnih resursіv i minds їh vikoristannya, tobto tse rіven efektivnostі vikoristannya obmezhenih resursіv.

W i such pozitsіy slіd rozglyadati eksportny potentsіal. Yogo viznachayut yak obsyag benefits SSMSC NATIONAL ekonomіka Mauger virobiti that realіzuvati for svoїmi mezhami. Eksportny potentsіal Kraina - Tse takozh zdatnіst natsіonalnoї Economy vіdtvoryuvati svoї konkurentnі perevagi on svіtogospodarskіy arenі.

Dosvіd rozvinenih kraїn svіdchit scho sotsіalno-Ekonomichna system in zdatna vіdtvoryuvati digit scale stalі konkurentnі perevagi. In rozvinenih kraїnah neobhіdnіst pіdtrimannya znachnoї konkurentospromozhnostі poklikat to Zhittya Novi type gospodarskogo rozvitku at Money Does vіdnosna rіvnovaga galuzevih i tehnologіchnih structures zmіnilasya on postіynu, dinamіchno poslіdovnu restrukturizatsіyu Gospodarstwa. When tsomu slіd vrahovuvati іstotne skorochennya zhittєvogo cycle produktіv i tehnologіy. Іnodі rozvinenі Kraina roblyat tse svіdomo: Led River zastarіlu tehnologіyu peredayut іnshim powers, and a rozvivayut nova. Tse zabezpechuє vіdtvorennya competitive perevag on svіtogospodarskіy arenі.

Stvorennya minds for formuvannya dovgostrokovih competitive perevag in vіtchiznyanih tovarovirobnikіv - vazhliva problem realіzatsії zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki Kraina. Such a formulation of the problem is not new. Vaughn chіtko sformulovana M. Porter, pіdhodi to її virіshennya widely vikoristovuyutsya in rozvinenih powers [45, p. 669].

Zovnіshnoekonomіchna polіtika Got spiratit on takі principles:

natsіonalne ekonomіchne protsvіtannya gruntuєtsya on temple rіvnі produktivnostі pratsі;

in Galuzo konkuruyut fіrmi instead Kraina;

NATIONAL is competitive perevaga Got vіdnosny character;

dinamіka do updates zabezpechuє stalі konkurentnі perevagi instead korotkostrokovy vigrash on rіvnі znizhennya vitrat;

konkurentnі perevagi in Galuzo promislovostі stvoryuyutsya vprodovzh desyatirіch abo bіlsh trivalogo line;

Kraina dosyagayut perevag zavdyaki nayavnim vіdmіnnostyam instead skhozhostі.

Eksportna orієntatsіya Economy that lіberalіzatsіya zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv potrebuyut viznachennya іsnuyuchih i potentsіalnih perevag of Ukrainian tovarovirobnikіv. Ukraine Got OAO All mozhlivostі uniquely zbіlshiti eksport produktsії hіmіchnoї that naftohіmіchnoї promislovostі: amіaku, gіdrooksidu magnіyu, natrіyu, oksidіv metalіv, kazeїnu, efіru, acids, silіkatіv, karbіdіv, gunpowder that vibuhovih rechovin, farbuvalnih rechovin toscho.

Vazhlivim directly Je fate in rozrobtsі th realіzatsії for Relief velikomasshtabnih іnozemnih іnvestitsіy kontseptsії that strategії schodo іmportu, eksportu i transit produktіv palivno-energetichnogo complex (naphtha, gas vugіllya, elektroenergіya). For tsogo potrіbno realіzuvati Reigning kontseptsіyu prіoritetnih napryamіv rozvitku іmportu Nafti i gas on nayblizhchu term i, vіdpovіdno, programa Specific Act reasonably require of zabezpechennya schodo Tsikh products.

Іsnuє require іnozemnogo іnvestuvannya legkoї that harchovoї promislovostі, tehnologіchny rіven yakih dosit nizky. Pіdvischennya yogo gave b mozhlivіst uniquely zbіlshiti eksport produktsії tvarinnitstva, tsukru, olії, pshenitsі that boroshnyanih virobіv, alcohol, gorіlki, wines nayvischih sortіv, Tyutyunova virobіv, fruktіv that ovochіv.

Seryoznі sotsіalno-ekonomіchnі that strukturnі peretvorennya on selі spromozhnі Vivest sіlske Gospodarstwa that nutritive promislovіst on rіven visokoefektivnih Galuzo, SSMSC of order s іnshimi viznachatimut eksportny profіl Ukraine in sistemі mіzhnarodnogo podіlu pratsі. Yakscho vmіlo vidіliti Zoni virobnitstva ekologіchno clean produktіv harchuvannya, nalagoditi їhnyu gliboku pererobku that vіdpovіdnu trademark packaging for Relief Suchasnyj tehnologіy svіtovogo rіvnya, the products will be nashі konkurentospromozhnimi navіt єvropeyskomu on market analysis. For poperednіmi otsіnkami, agropromislovy complex of Ukraine Mauger produktsії figure out on LP billion. schoroku.

Stan legkoї promislovostі de slіd zdіysniti dokorіnnu modernіzatsіyu scho potrebuє digit vitrat, i de promising vіddacha Je dosit problematic іstotno not spriyaє zaohochennyu іnvestitsіy іnozemnih fіrm. Znadoblyatsya obviously protektsіonіstskі derzhavnі come in for zaluchennya іnozemnih іnvestitsіy in qiu Galuzo.

Ekonomіchny potentsіal Ukraine Got zrostati for rakhunok i nayvazhlivіshih tovarіv poslug. Nayvazhlivіshimi zavdannyami derzhavnoї polіtiki at tsomu napryamі Je takі:

vsebіchne zabezpechennya spriyatlivih minds for vihodu Ukraine on svіtovі markets Agricultural Art, pіdtrimka vіtchiznyanih eksporterіv, rozrobnikіv іmportozamіnyuyuchih tovarіv i virobnikіv konkurentospromozhnoї produktsії;

stvorennya efektivnoї bankіvskoї that gnuchkoї kreditnoї systems garantuvannya rights vlasnikіv Monetary koshtіv that їh vіlnogo (in the furrows of the law) vikoristannya;

stvorennya іnfrastrukturi zovnіshnoї torgіvlі that novoї Sistemi її іnformatsіynogo zabezpechennya;

Venue of gnuchkoї іmportnoї polіtiki (tariff regulyuvannya, mehanіzm obmezhennya іmportu, obsyagi i perelіk tovarnoї nomenclature critical іmportu, perelіk іmportozamіnyuyuchoї produktsії);

udoskonalennya systems sovereign regulyuvannya zovnіshnoї torgіvlі (legal framework, rules mіzhnarodnimi uzgodzhena s i standards obmezheny protektsіonіzm complex normative dokumentіv);

іntensifіkatsіya zusil i realіzatsіya zahodіv, SSMSC b zabezpechili zdobuttya With Ukraine the status of a member of the GATT (COT) (obsession access to markets Agricultural Art svіtovі tovarіv, robіt i poslug and takozh іnozemnih іnvestitsіy, garantіya Zahist svoїh іnteresіv on svіtovih Rink);

realіzatsіya regime vіlnoї torgіvlі s kraїnami LICs (not whether yakih vinyatkіv);

away rozshirennya torgovelno-ekonomіchnih vіdnosin mіzh With Ukraine i kraїnami Baltії that Pіvnіchnogo Union;

i zmіtsnennya away rozvitok torgіvlі s Єvropeyskim Union (rozshirennya access of Ukrainian tovarіv on єvropeyskі markets Agricultural Art, zokrema of nuclear materіalіv, textiles, mіneralnih Welcome, metalurgіynoї that sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії);

vikoristannya mozhlivostі obsession novih tehnologіy that іnvestitsіy od kraїn "velikoї sіmki" on osnovі vzaєmnogo Zahist іnvestitsіy;

viznannya With Ukraine the status of Kraina s perehіdnoyu ekonomіkoyu scho Dusty mozhlivіst znyati pereshkodi at virіshennі problems torgovelno-ekonomіchnih vіdnosin s SІLA,

Obsyagi zovnіshnoї torgіvlі Ukraine zbіlshuyutsya, urіznomanіtnyuyutsya її form. In 2002 r. Our Krajina eksportuvala tovarіv on the bag blizko 17.96 billion dollars, and іmportuvala -. to 16.98 billion dollars. Porіvnyano z 1996 r "in 2002 p. obsyag ukrajins'koho eksportu zbіlshivsya 12.5 vіdsotka and іmportu zmenshivsya 3.5 vіdsotka.

Konkurentospromozhnіst natsіonalnoї Economy - tse virіshalny kriterіy її rozvitku. Yogo slіd vrahovuvati at virіshennі problems lіberalіzatsії zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv i rіvnya vіdkritostі Economy. Sogodnі ekonomіka Ukraine Je Nadto vіdkritoyu. Yak vіdomo, headache channel vіdkritostі Je zovnіshnya torgіvlya. її chastka in GNP kolivaєtsya od 8-10 vіdsotkіv great powers 70-80 vіdsotkіv in deyakih Malih kraїn (Nіderlandіv, Belgії toscho). Rіven vіdkritostі Economy of Ukraine, yak rozrahovany chastka eksportnoї quota in GDP in 1994 rotsі becomes bіlshe tretini.

Such situatsіya sprichinyaє seryoznu nebezpeku for vіtchiznyanoї Economy. Visokiy rіven vіdkritostі in tsіy situatsії Je naslіdkom bezsistemnoї torgіvlі on tlі glibokoї crisis.

In kontekstі dovgostrokovoї zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki slіd zbalansuvati short, seredno- that dovgostrokovі Interests powers. When tsomu dotsіlno uzgodzhuvati ekonomіchnі s Interests dinamіkoyu rinkovih structural reforms that have peretvoren suspіlno-gospodarskomu kompleksі.

For Ukraine mehanіzm uv'yazuvannya i zbalansuvannya іnteresіv umovno Got skladatisya s troh vzaєmouzgodzhenih rіvnіv, on skin s yakih realіzuyutsya konkurentnі perevagi rіznih rіvnіv.

1 rіven. Stabіlіzatsіya that naroschuvannya virobnitstva vіdpovіdno to strategіchnih tsіley, traditsіynih trademark zv'yazkіv іz zmіschennyam emphasis on Ready produktsіyu.

Treba zberegti eksportny potentsіal metalurgіynogo complex that a number hіmіchnih virobnitstv, postupovo pereorієntuvati їh on Zaporizhya tehnologіchnі processes.

In Povny rozumіnnі Tsey rіven Je "inventory kon'yukturnim". Yogo smut zavdannya - zakrіpitisya traditsіynih on Rink, and takozh prosuvatisya on novі. Dosyagti tsogo possible through the active vpliv on kon'yunkturu (Aggressive marketing trademark rinkіv) i rozvitok іsnuyuchih competitive perevag.

2 rіven. Realіzatsіya Pevnyi timchasovih perevag, SSMSC zabezpechuyutsya vіdnosno temple vartіstyu robochoї Sealy, nayavnіstyu rozvinenih virobnichih fondіv i tehnologіchnih knowledge and takozh materіalnih resursіv.

Tsya model іntegratsії to svіtovoї gospodarskoї Sistemi Je traditsіynoyu for kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, Especially at the start etapі. Її klyuchovim Elements Je rate zaluchennya іnozemnogo kapіtalu i inclusions to global tehnologіchnih zv'yazkіv. Our minds Tsey rіven Mauger Buti realіzovany for those directly:

stvorennya virobnitstv for participation іnozemnogo kapіtalu Key infrastructure specific brands virobіv, SSMSC zavershuyut svіy zhittєvy cycle Rink rozvinenih kraїn;

stvorennya folding virobnitstv s privіznih Components Connection;

stvorennya mashinobudіvnih virobnitstv, SSMSC b orієntuvalisya on obslugovuvannya іnozemnih іnvestitsіy in Ukraїnі;

rozmіschennya in Ukraїnі of order on vikonannya NDDKR in quiet areas, de Won Got vіdpovіdny NAUKOVO-tehnіchny potentsіal.

3 rіven. Realіzatsіya competitive perevag, vtіlenih in Visoko tehnologіyah - іsnuyuchih yak, so i maybutnіh.

For іntegratsії Ukraine to svіtovogo gospodarskogo complexes requires stvoriti vіdpovіdnі minds yak on vnutrіshnomu, so i on zovnіshnomu rіvnі. Neobhіdna Derzhavna pіdtrimka visokotehnologіchnih rozrobok for rakhunok Reigning subsidіy and takozh pіdtrimka їhnoї visokoї konkurentospromozhnostі mіzhnarodnomu to market analysis via mіzhderzhavnih lands system domovlenostey toscho.

Navedenі three rіvnі (modelі, strategії) іntegratsії to svіtovogo ekonomіchnogo spaciousness not mozhut rozglyadatisya іzolovano. Efektivnosti on until svіtovogo podіlu pratsі peredbachaє breakthrough for vsіma troma directly. Strategіchnim prіoritetom Je vikoristannya competitive perevag vischogo order vtіlenih in unіkalnі tehnologіchnі that naukovі rozrobki.

Bezumovno, realіzatsіya mehanіzmu іntegratsії to svіtovoї Economy nemozhliva without dinamіchnih rinkovih peretvoren in derzhavі. Chinnikami smut, scho not give mozhlivostі stvoriti nalezhnі minds for zrostannya konkurentospromozhnostі vіtchiznyanoї produktsії, Je practical vіdsutnіst konkurentsії vnutrіshnomu on market analysis, yogo Neznachny mіstkіst i patologіchna nevibaglivіst spozhivachіv.

Zavdannya smut, yak guilty vikonati power schodo svoїh tovarovirobnikіv i spozhivachіv - yaknayshvidshe stvoriti peredumovi for competitive seredovischa. Without spravzhnoї konkurentsії on vnutrіshnomu Rinku not mozhna zabezpechiti efektivnosti vihіd on mіzhnarodnu arena.