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Rozmіschennya productive forces i regіonalіstika - Stechenko DM

14.4. Potentsіal transit Ukraine is the yogo vikoristannya

The problem viznachennya transit potentsіalu Ukraine in sistemі mіzhnarodnih for Transport and komunіkatsіynih zv'yazkіv ob'єktivno vihodit for mezhі Vlasnyi іnteresіv Ukraine in zv'yazku s її tyazhіnnyam to geografіchnogo Єvropi center. Already tsya deprivation obstavina Mauger viznachiti prіoriteti rozvitku Kraina in napryamі bіlsh tіsnoї іntegratsії s kraїnami Єvropeyskogo Union (ЄS) that іnshimi mіzhnarodnimi іnstitutsіyami.

Treba borrow up uwagi i of the fact scho Ukraine has spіlnі Cordoni s shіstma kraїnami Єvropi that Rosіyskoyu Federatsієyu. All tse target for neї unіkalnu pozitsіyu yak transteritorіalnoї Zoni. Through tse teritorіya Ukraine harakterizuєtsya temple koefіtsієntom tranzitnostі. For danimi anglіyskogo іnstitutu "Randall" (Mirror of the Week -. 1998. - № 9. - S. 8) for koefіtsієntom tranzitnostі (tobto rozvinenіstyu vsіh the agriculture zv'yazkіv i vіdpovіdnoї їm іnfrastrukturi) UKRAINE posіdaє Pershe Location in Єvropі (koefіtsієnt tranzitnostі Ukraine becoming 3.75, Polschі - 2.92).

Krіm Ukraine, іz susіdnіh kraїn Nadachi teritorіyu for their transport corridor mozhut Rumunіya, Bіlorus i Rosіyska Federatsіya. However, the chances of Ukraine in tsіy konkurentsії, Yakscho rozglyadati situatsіyu vihodyachi s ob'єktivnih minds i peredusіm іz nayavnoї transportnoї іnfrastrukturi, Je bіlsh Vahom.

Rіven rozvitku transportnoї іnfrastrukturi harakterizuє tranzitnі mozhlivostі Kraina and їhnya realіzatsіya positive poznachaєtsya on rentabelnostі number Galuzo Economy. Zokrema, prostezhuєtsya tendentsіya dosyagnennya nayvischoї rentabelnostі sama in quiet Galuzo, SSMSC pov'yazanі s transit vlastivіstyu Ukraine: on transportі th at zv'yazku - 37.5 vіdsotki at 1996 p, y postachannі th zbutі - 22.7, zagotіvlі - 21. 3 vіdsotki. In promislovostі Well that sіlskomu gospodarstvі Tsey perіod rentabelnіst becomes blizko 10 vіdsotkіv. All tse pіdtverdzhuє of the fact scho for pіdnesennya ukraїnskoї Economy potrіbno Povny mіroyu vikoristati transit potentsіal.

Through teritorіyu Ukraine schoroku take up to 59 million tons of transit vantazhіv (vklyuchayuchi naphtha, gas amіak i). Ekspertna otsіnka potentsіynih mozhlivostey nashoї Kraina becoming 220 million tons of transit vantazhіv. Fahіvtsі vvazhayut scho tsogo pokaznika mozhna dosyagti of minds pereglyadu tarifnoї polіtiki powers.

Novi іmpuls rozvitku for transit freight rozpodіlchih funktsіy Ukraine pov'yazany s formuvannyam Chornomorskogo ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva (BSEC) - regіonalnoї іntegratsії scho ohoplyuє 11 prichornomorskih that susіdnіh s powers them.

Sche one problem orієntovana on tranzitnі mozhlivostі Ukraine - alternativnі varіanti іmportuvannya energonosіїv. Prichornomorsky regіon rozglyadayut yak vuzlovy schodo mozhlivih napryamіv transportuvannya to Єvropi Nafti s kraїn Perskoї Zatoka that kraїn Prikaspіyskogo regіonu and takozh s Іranu gas (Fig. 14.1, 14.2).

Ukrainian Way Transit blizkoskhіdnoї Nafti to Єvropi Got Taku scheme: to Samsun (turetsky port on pіvdennomu uzberezhzhі Chorny Sea) - naftoprovodom; od Samsun to Odeskogo naftotermіnala - tanker transported (neobhіdno kіlka odinits serednotonnazhnih tankerіv); od Odes to m Brody (Lviv region) - naftoprovodom.; od Brodіv - naftoprovodom "Druzhba" to Zahіdnoї Єvropi.

Fig. 14.1. Ukrainian varіant Єvrazіyskogo naftotransportnogo corridor

W іnvestitsіynih proektіv sferі in the agriculture poslug in Ukraїnі scho proyshli mіzhnarodnu Sanitary and Epidemiological, slіd nazvati completion budіvnitstva naftotermіnala port Pivdenny (Odeska oblast), Persha Cherga yakogo priznachena for handling 12 million tonnes of naphtha Year i koshtuvatime not less then nіzh 450 million dollars. (Credit mayzhe 100 million dollars od Єvropeyskogo bank rekonstruktsії rozvitku i.), And takozh magіstralnogo naftoprovodu Odesa - Brody dovzhinoyu 670 km for spoluchennya naftotermіnala s eksportnim naftoprovodom "Friendship", vartіst budіvnitstva yakogo becoming priblizno 25-30 million dollars. Mozhlivy Prybutok at transportuvannі Nafti for the scheme of i by a new Povny zavantazhennі naftoprovodіv otsіnyuєtsya mayzhe 500 million. schoroku.

Potentsіal transit Ukraine posilyuyut poromnі crossing, Dvi s yakih - Іllіchіvsk - Varna (Bolgarіya) i Krim - Caucasus - funktsіonuyut, and the third - the Danube, mіzh Orlіvkoyu (UKRAINE) that Іsakіa (Rumunіya) - is staying on stadії proektnoї rozrobki.

UKRAINE riddled transit bearing-down mіzhnarodnimi th eksportno-іmportnimi vantazhopotokami. Naybіlshy Sered them vantazhopotіk Zahid - Shid, scho Kraina z'єdnuє Єvropi s Rosієyu that Zakavkazkim regіonom. In the furrows of Ukraine vіn rozpochinaєtsya EYAD dіlyankami: Lyuboml - Kovel - Rivne - Shepetіvka - Koziatyn i Mostiska - Lviv - Ternopil - Zhmerynka - Koziatyn through Shevchenko - Znam'yanku - Dnipropetrovs'k - Sinelnikov - Donetsk i vihodit kіlkoma directly to cordon s Rosієyu. Tsya magіstral Je naykorotshim zalіznichnim Shlyakhov іz Tsentralnoї that Shіdnoї Єvropi on Pіvnіchny Caucasus that Zakavkazzya and s kombіnovanimi transported (rіznimi modes of transport) - takozh i to Kazakhstan that Serednoї Azії. Vantazhopotoki for CIM directly predstavlenі perevazhno transit Vantage (i naftoprodukti naphtha, methane, hіmіchnі products, bavovna) and takozh eksportnimi goods (chornі threw, product hіmіchnoї promislovostі).

Bіlsha Chastina vantazhopotokіv converge to port kompleksіv Ukraine, zokrema portіv: Odessa, Іllіchіvsk, Pivdenny, SSMSC fіksuyut transportnі zv'yazki Pіvnіch - Pivden scho z'єdnuyut Rosіyu that INSHI Kraina LICs іz Seredzemnomor'yam that Svіtovim ocean. Magіstralnі zalіznitsі, SSMSC obslugovuyut Tsey eg rozhodyatsya od odeskogo transport vuzla EYAD directly:

1) through Kotovsk - Zhmerinka i Dali to Lviv that Kiev;

2) through Kotovsk - Pomіchnu - Znam'yanku in pіvnіchno-skhіdnі regіoni Ukraine.

Before that Mikolaїvskogo Hersons'ka portіv converging perevazhno tranzitnі that eksportnі vantazhі in yakih perevazhayut hіmіchnі products, mіneralnі dobriva that budіvelnі materіali. Podіbnі for obsyagami vantazhopotoki pereroblyayut dunayskі port - Renі, Іzmaїl, Ust-Dunaysk scho zv'yazuyut Dunaysku aquatic system shlyahіv s Chornomorskim that Seredzemnomorskim swimming pool.

In Ukraїnі trivaє іntensivny Poshuk nayefektivnіshogo vikoristannya transit potentsіalu Kraina, zokrema її Primor regіonіv. Teritorіya Ukraine that її transportnі magіstralі fіguruyut in numerical projects mіzhnarodnih koridorіv the agriculture (Fig. 14.3, 14.4).

Transport corridors "Єvropa - Azіya" pass through Nіmechchinu, Avstrіyu, Chehіyu, Slovachchinu, Ugorschinu, flattered, up Ukraine, Rosіyu, Kazakhstan, Kraina Serednoї Azії the one China. Vіn proektuєtsya yak shvidkіsna zalіznichna magіstral s parallel Suchasnyj avtoshlyahami. Chastina yogo pass through the Donetsk region.

Transport corridors "Baltika - Chorny Sea" z'єdnuє portovі Mista Gdansk i Odes, held teritorіyami Polschі that Ukraine i Got protyazhnіst furrows in Ukraine blizko 900 km 950 km Zaliznicnovo that avtomobіlnogo shlyahіv.

Transport corridor №9 (Kritsky) planuєtsya proklasti through teritorії Fіnlyandії, Russie, Estonії, Latvії, Lithuania, Bіlorusі, Ukraine, Moldova, Rumunії, Gretsії. Vіn prohoditime kіlkoma napryamkami zalіznichnih magіstraley that parallel magіstralnih avtoshlyahіv:

Gelsіnkі - St. Petersburg - Moscow - Bryansk - Nіzhin - Kyiv - Zhmerinka - Odesa - Іzmaїl - Renі - Bucharest - Dimitrov, hail - Aleksandrupolіs;

Gelsіnkі - St. Petersburg - Pskov - Gomel - Nіzhin;

Gelsіnkі - St. Petersburg - Tallіnn - Riga - Daugavpіls - Vіlnyus (s vіdgaluzhennyami to Klaipeda i Kalіnіngrada) - Mіnsk - Gomel - Nіzhin - Singapore;

Zhmerynka - Kishinіv - Renі.

On pіvdennomu vіdrіzku tsієї magіstralі peredbacheno Vier vihodi to Adrіatiki.

Transport corridors "TNTK" (Transkavkazky) prohoditime teritorіyami Ukraine, Gruzії, Azerbaijan kraїn Serednoї Azії. For schemes kombіnovanih transported zalіznichnim, avtomobіlnim that morskim transport Tsey transport corridors z'єdnuє Odesky that spoil Hersons'ka s Zakavkazkim, Kazahstanskim that Serednoazіatskim regіonami. Project peredbachaє vіdpovіdny rozvitok Odeskogo that Hersons'ka portіv.

Okremo vidіlyaєtsya system of transport koridorіv kraїn BSEC.

Tse kіltse zalіznits Navkolo Azov-Chornomorskogo pools, scho Got radіalnі vіdgaluzhennya to vsіh morskih i dunayskih portіv and takozh magіstralnі vihodi: Constanta - Bucharest; Odes - Zhmerynka; Batumі (Potі) - Tbіlіsі - Baku; Varna - Bugas - Stara Zagora - Sofiya; Edіrne - Aleksandrupolіs. Vaughn ohoplyuє takozh radіalno-kіltsevu

system magіstralnih avtoshlyahіv, trammel bunt aeroportіv that avіalіnіy, morskih that rіchkovih portіv i truboprovodіv.

Vsogo in furrows schemes mіzhnarodnoї transportnoї MEREZHI Ukraine zaproponovano 8 Transport koridorіv.

In 1996 zhovtnі p. Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv priynyav Ukraine decided to "About stvorennya Ukraїnі in the agriculture koridorіv that vhodzhennya їh to mіzhnarodnoї transportnoї system."

In Ukraїnі, zvazhayuchi on the Great needful in motor Shlyakhov i magіstralyah, tsya trammel rozvinena nedostatno. Budіvnitstvo great avtomagіstraley, krіm digit polіpshennya vsіh tehnіchnih characteristics prohodzhennya Vantage i pasazhiropotokіv give mozhlivіst stvoriti 1 million robochem mіsts. Zrostatime schorіchny Prybutok od transit vantazhіv. Vіdpovіdno zbіlshuvatimutsya podatkovі nadhodzhennya od ekspluatatsії Tsikh ob'єktіv іnfrastrukturi, іstotno pozhvavitsya Ekonomichna aktivnіst lay teritorіy. Nareshtі, uniquely zrostut require in Hotel budіvelnoї іndustrії s great avtomagіstraley be landscaped. Je rozrahunki for yakimi 40 vіdsotkіv koshtorisnoї vartostі budіvnitstva such magіstraley mozhut zabezpechiti vіtchiznyanі іnvestori.

In svіtovomu transportuvannі vantazhіv posilyuєtsya tendentsіya to poshirennya so the title of іntermodalnih (bagatovidovih) transported, if delivery vantazhіv rіznimi modes of transport formuєtsya in єdiny ratsіonalno organіzovany lantsyug scho dostavlyaє zamovniku Vantage s mіnіmalnimi vitratami for the principles of "od door - to door" i "just-in lines ".

Realіzatsіya Tsikh printsipіv peredbachaє stvorennya Sistemi mіzhnarodnih the agriculture koridorіv. Vaughn vklyuchaє trammel іnformatsіyno-upravlіnskih tsentrіv scho zabezpechuyut ratsіonalnu i bezperervnu delivery vantazhіv. Odnochasno zgadanі centerand vikonuyut role garantіv chesnoї that efektivnoї konkurentsії scho zapalyuє "Green Svitlo" perevіznikam, zdatnim zabezpechiti nadіynu, bezpechnu i porіvnyano cheap delivery pasazhirіv that vantazhіv. Pong toil in svoєmu rozporyadzhennі suchasnі AMR, banks danih, visokoefektivnі zasobi zv'yazku (vklyuchayuchi suputnikovy) tobto all neobhіdne, dwellers rіznі Vidi Transport - morsky, zalіznichny, avtomobіlny i povіtryany - pratsyuvali yak єdiny transport konveєr. Tsі centerand svoєyu dіyalnіstyu ob'єktivno spriyayut fact konkurentsіya dwellers on the agriculture mіzhnarodnih Rink poslug not small chaotic nature ruynіvnogo scho rozoryaє nizkimi rates perevіznikіv i in kіntsevomu pіdsumku znizhuє nadіynіst i yakіst poslug.

Zapitannya i zavdannya

1. Formation of SSMSC osoblivostі zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі Ukraine in rinkovih minds?

2. Describe geoekonomіchnі prіoriteti regіonalnogo rozvitku Ukraine.

3. Perelіchіt peredumovi formuvannya eksportnogo potentsіalu in Ukraїnі.

4. Describe the transport potentsіal Ukraine.

5 SSMSC osoblivostі formuvannya the agriculture koridorіv?

6. Jake Got formuvannya values ​​for the agriculture koridorіv rozvitku productive forces of Ukraine?